• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.4_2
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• pp.675-682
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• 2020

Multi-wire sawing is the prominent technology employed to cut hard material ingots into wafers. This paper aimed to research the effect of diamond toughness index on the cutting performance of electroplated diamond wire. Three different toughness index of diamond abrasives were used to manufacture electroplated diamond wires. The cutting performance of electroplated diamond wire is verified through experiments, in which sapphire ingot are cut using single wire sawing machine. A single wire saw for constant load slicing is developed for the cutting performance evaluation of electroplated diamond wire. Choosing the cutting depth, total cutting depth, cutting force and wear of electroplated diamond wires as evaluation parameters, the performance of electroplated diamond wire is evaluated. The results of this study showed that there was a significant direct relationship between the toughness index of diamond abrasives and the cutting performance. Results demonstrated that diamond abrasive with a high toughness index showed higher cutting performance. However, all diamond abrasives showed similar cutting performance under low load conditions. The results of this paper are useful for the development of cutting large diameter ingots and cutting high hardness ingots at high speed.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.286-294
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• 2006

This study has examined the flexural properties of natural and chemically modified coir fiber reinforced cementitious composites (CFRCC). Coir fibers of two different average lengths were used, and the longer coir fibers were also treated with a 1% NaOH solution for comparison. The fibers were combined with cementitious materials and chemical agents (dispersant, defoamer or wetting agent) to form CFRCC. The flexural properties of the composites, including elastic stress, flexural strength, toughness and toughness index, were measured. The effects of fiber treatments, addition of chemical agents and accelerated ageing of composites on the composites' flexural properties were examined. The results showed that the CFRCC samples were 5-12 % lighter than the conventional mortar, and that the addition of coir fibers improved the flexural strength of the CFRCC materials. Toughness and toughness index, which were associated with the work of fracture, were increased more than ten times. For the alkalized long coir fiber composites, a higher immediate and long-term toughness index was achieved. SEM microstructure images revealed improved physicochemical bonding in the treated CFRCC.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.581-586
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• 2002

Addition of steel fiber to shotcrete is to improve the brittleness of concrete. Quality of steel fiber reinforced shotcrete can be evaluated by quantitive analysis of toughness characteristics after cracking. The toughness characteristics can be expressed by absolute value of energy absorption capacity, non-dimensional toughness index related to the energy absorption capacity, and equivalent flexural strength at arbitrary deflection. In this study, merits and demerits of flexural toughness by RTA round panel of Australia and other specifications have been analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.651-658
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• 2010

Sixteen concrete mixes reinforced with hybrid steel-polybinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and a control concrete mix with no fiber were tested in order to examine the effect of the micro and macro fibers on the slump and different mechanical properties of concrete. Main variables investigated were length and volume fraction of steel and PVA fibers. The measured mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete were analyzed using the fiber reinforcing index and compared with those recorded from monolithic steel or PVA fiber reinforced concrete. The initial slump of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete decreased with the increase of the aspect ratio and the volume fraction of fibers. In addition, splitting tensile strength, modui of rupture and elasticity, and flexural toughness index of concrete increased with the increase of the fiber reinforcement index. Modulus of rupture and flexural toughness index of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete were higher than those of monolithic fiber reinforced concrete, though the total volume fraction of hybrid fibers was lower than that of monolithic fiber. For enhancing the flexural toughness index of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, using the steel fiber of 60 mm length was more effective than using the steel fibers combined with 60 mm and 30 mm lengths.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 1992

본 연구는 인성지수에 의하여 섬유보강 콘크리트의 인성을 평가하는 기존의 여러 가지 방법을 검토하는, 하중-처짐곡선에서 초기균열시까지의 여러 가지 다른 곱으로 나타내어지는 방법의 불합리성을 지적하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 유효인성이라고 부르는 새로운 방법을 강섬유 보강콘크리트의 인성을 평가하는데 제안하였다. 이는 초기균열을 가진 3점 휨강도 시험에 의한 하중-처짐곡선에서 지간의 1/150까지의 면적을 ligament면적으로 나눈값으로 나타낸다. 이 방법을 사용하여 강섬유 보강 고강도 콘크리트 인성특성을 검토한 결과 기존의 방법보다 더 효과적으로 인성을 평가할 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.371-382
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• 2024

Measurement or prediction of compression index (C_c) of soils is essential for assessment of total and differential settlement of structures. It is a well-known fact that this parameter is controlled by several index identifiers of soil including initial void ratio, Atterberg limits, overconsolidation ratio, specific gravity, etc. Many studies in the past proposed relationships for prediction of C_c based on different index properties. Therefore, this study aims to present a comparison of previously proposed equations for estimation of C_c. Data from literature was compiled, and a total of 90 and 623 test results on remolded and undisturbed specimens were used to question the validity of previously proposed equations. Nevertheless, the modeling ability of 7 and 12 equations for estimation of C_c of remolded and undisturbed soils were questioned by use of compiled data. Moreover, new empirical relationships based on initial void ratio and toughness limit for prediction of C_c was proposed by use of nonlinear multivariable regression and evolutionary based regression analyses. The results are promising-the performances of models established are quite acceptable, which are verified by statistical analyses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.593-596
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• 1999

Steel fibers are added to concrete to improve energy absorption, impact resistance and apparent ductility, and to provide crack resistance and crack control. This study is to investigate the toughness index and post-crack equivalent tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete properties on the load-deflection behaviors of the steel fiber reinforced concrete beam model specimens.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 1999

This paper is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of flexural toughness of slab panel structures($60{\times}60{\times}10$) reinforced by steel fiber instead of wire mesh. Steel fiber used in this study is double hooked Dramix type fiber. And the fiber length is 60mm, diameter is 0.8mm, Various assessment methods of toughness index are used to estimate the proper effectiveness. In this experimental study, we find that Johnston, JCI-SF4 and EFNARC method are more effective to assess the flexural toughness of slab panels than the others. And the steel fiber is very effective alternative material to reinforce slab panel structures instead of wire mesh. Fiber volume fraction of 0.5~0.75% is more useful than the others in enhancing the post-peak energy absorption and toughness index by Johnston's $I_{5.5}$ assessment method. And the slab panels reinforcing with steel fiber are more resistant to crack propagation than wire mesh reinforcing slabs.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.58-71
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• 1986

Mechanical and corrosion property of duplex stainless steel weldments made by the GTAW and SMAW process were studied. Fracture toughness, general and local corrosion resistance of GTAW and SMAW weldments were evaluated in terms of Charpy V notch impact test, anodic polarization diagram, pitting corrosion rate, respectively. SMA weld metal showed much lower impact toughness and higher ductile-brittle transition temperature than GTA weld metal. Fractographic and EDX analysis on fracture surface of SMA weld metal demonstrated the existence of (Si, Ti), oxide in large amounts. Potentiodynamic anodic polarization diagram of GMA weld metal showed much lower passive current density than SMA weld metal in 4% $H_2/SO_4$ solution. And pitting corrosion rate test showed the same tendency. Relating the microstructure, chemistry and property, it can be concluded that GTA weld metal gives better toughness due to lower oxygen content, i.e. lower inclusion content, and better corrosion resistance due to higher Pitting Index(PI) than SMA weld metal.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.481-492
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• 2018

In this paper, a new hybrid fiber system (NHFS) is investigated for the application of slab. The steel fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) whisker is added to form NHFS. The four-point bending test is carried out on the flexural properties of slab with plain, steel fiber, traditional hybrid fiber system (THFS) and NHFS reinforced cementitious composites. The flexural behavior is evaluated by ASTM C1018-97, JCI-SF4 and post-crack strength (PCS) technique. The evaluation parameters of flexural toughness such as toughness index (TI), equivalent flexural strength (EFS) and PCS are determined. The size of slab specimens is $15mm(thickness){\times}50mm(width){\times}200mm(length)$. The results show that adding $CaCO_3$ whisker to THFS can significantly improve the flexural strength, TI, EFS, PCS of the slab. The empirical relation between reinforcing index ($RI_v$) and flexural parameters show that flexural parameters of slabs increase first and then decrease; which indicates that optimum $RI_v$ values can be helpful in the considering the mix design of steel-PVA fibers-$CaCO_3$ whisker composites for achieving the desired flexural-related properties. The scanning electron microscopy is performed to observe the micro-morphological characteristics of the fracture surface, which proved the positive hybrid effect among the different fibers in cementitious composites. The NHFS can arrest the generation and propagation of the crack from micro to macro level.