• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.232-236
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• 2020

Background: Children today get access to smartphones at an early age. However, their ability to use mobile apps has not yet been studied in detail. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the ability of children aged 2-8 years to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques, i.e., ways apps provide instructions on how to use them. Methods: We developed one mobile app to test the ability of children to perform various touchscreen gestures and another mobile app to test their ability to follow various prompting techniques. We used these apps in this study of 90 children in a kindergarten and a primary school in New Delhi in July 2019. We noted the touchscreen gestures that the children could perform and the most sophisticated prompting technique that they could follow. Results: Two- and 3-year-old children could not follow any prompting technique and only a minority (27%) could tap the touchscreen at an intended place. Four- to 6-year-old children could perform simple gestures like a tap and slide (57%) and follow instructions provided through animation (63%). Seven- and 8-year-old children could perform more sophisticated gestures like dragging and dropping (30%) and follow instructions provided in audio and video formats (34%). We observed a significant difference between the number of touchscreen gestures that the children could perform and the number of prompting techniques that they could follow (F=544.0407, P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the performance of female versus male children (P>0.05). Conclusion: Children gradually learn to use mobile apps beginning at 2 years of age. They become comfortable performing single-finger gestures and following nontextual prompting techniques by 8 years of age. We recommend that these results be considered in the development of mobile apps for children.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.793-803
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• 2015

We propose a novel HMI UI/UX for an in-vehicle infotainment system. Our proposed HMI UI comprises multimodal interfaces that allow a driver to safely and intuitively manipulate an infotainment system while driving. Our analysis of a touchscreen interface-based HMI UI/UX reveals that a driver's use of such an interface while driving can cause the driver to be seriously distracted. Our proposed HMI UI/UX is a novel manipulation mechanism for a vehicle infotainment service. It consists of several interfaces that incorporate a variety of modalities, such as speech recognition, a manipulating device, and hand gesture recognition. In addition, we provide an HMI UI framework designed to be manipulated using a simple method based on four directions and one selection motion. Extensive quantitative and qualitative in-vehicle experiments demonstrate that the proposed HMI UI/UX is an efficient mechanism through which to manipulate an infotainment system while driving.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

Pen-based interaction is universally available on smart devices and especially on Tablet PCs. Previous studies compared various input methods like fingers, a mouse or a stylus pen on PCs or on a touchscreen based devices such as smart phones. At the same time, various soft keyboard applications are being developed on application stores of smart devices. However, these previous studies did not suggest which one is a suitable keyboard application for Tablet PCs when users perform a certain interaction as input type. In this study, we compared two types of input methods (finger and pen) and three types of soft keyboard applications (QWERTY, Gesture and Swype) in a Tablet PC using performance measurements (accuracy and input speed) and discussed what types of applications showed better performance with each interaction on tablet PC. From these results, recommendations for the keyboard types depending on the input methods on tablet PCs were developed.