• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2009

Generally, the direct sequencing through PCR is faster, easier, cheaper, and more practical than clone sequencing. Frequently, standard PCR amplification is usually interpreted by mispriming internal or external regions of the target template. Normally, DNA fragments were eluted from the gel using Gel extraction kit and subjected to direct sequencing or cloning sequencing. Cloning sequencing has often troublesome and needs more time to analyze for many samples. Since touchdown (TD) PCR can generate sufficient and highly specific amplification, it reduces unwanted amplicon generation. Accordingly, TD PCR is a good method for direct sequencing due to amplifying wanted fragment. In plants the 5S-rRNA gene is separated by simple spacers. The 5S-rRNA gene sequence is very well-conserved between plant species while the spacer is species-specific. Therefore, the sequence has been used for phylogenetic studies and species identification. But frequent occurrences of spurious bands caused by complex genomes are encountered in the product spectrum of standard PCR amplification. In conclusion, the TD PCR method can be applied easily to amplify main 5S-rRNA and direct sequencing of panax ginseng cultivars.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.573-584
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to perform a kinematic analysis of the high jump techniques of the three men's medalists at the 2011 IAAF Championships in Daegu (August 27-September 4, 2011). In particular, a three-dimensional coordinates method was used to analyze the last three strides before touchdown, the touchdown techniques, and the movements after takeoff toward the bar. An analysis of the, data for the biomechanical characteristics of the world's best high jumpers could contribute to an improvement in the performance of a national high jumper. The first conclusion of the data analysis was that the arm movements of the gold medalist, J. Williams, had a single arm form, whereas the arm movements of the other medalists were a double arm form. Second, the difference in the knee joint angles upon touchdown and toe-off was $10^{\circ}$. Third, J. Williams achieved his maximum CM height after takeoff (1.26 m) using the maximum flexion of his knee joint. Fourth, the foot contact duration of A. Dmitrik (0.11 s) was the shortest among the medalists, and the ratio for his transformation of horizontal velocity to vertical velocity was the greatest (75.25%) among the three. Last, the maximum CM height of T. Barry was the greatest, and his foot contact duration was the longest.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.348-359
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• 2018

A series of indoor simulation tests on a large-sized shaking table was performed, which was used to simulate the earthquake ground motion for the pipe-soil interaction system to be tested. The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic characteristic and seismic response of a length of PVC pipeline lay on a clay seabed under seismic load. The pipeline was fully instrumented to provide strain and acceleration responses in both transverse and in-line. Dynamical modal tests show that corresponding mode shapes vertically and horizontally are basically the same. But the absolute values of the natural frequencies vertically are all higher than those corresponding values in transverse. It turned out that the geometry configuration of riser affects its stiffness. Seismic response of pipeline depends significantly on the waveform, and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). As the seismic loading progressed, the strain response was severe around both TDZ and catenary zone. Additionally, strain responses in top and bottom positions were more severe than the result in left or right side of the pipeline in the same section.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2013

Moonpools are vertical wells in a floating body used onboard many types of vessels like Exploration and drilling vessels, Production barges, Cable-laying vessels, Rock dumping vessels, Research and offshore support vessels. Moonpool gives passage to underwater activities for different types of ships as per their mission requirements. It is observed that inside a moonpool considerable relative motions may occur, depending on shape, depth of the moonpool and on the frequency range of the waves to which the ship is exposed. The vessel responses are entirely different in zero and non-zero Froude number. Former situation is paid attention in this study as the mission requirement of the platform is to be in the particular location for long period of operation. It is well known that there are two modes of responses depending on the shape of the moonpool viz., piston mode for square shape and sloshing mode for rectangular shapes with different aspect ratios of opening like 1:1.5 and 1:2 ratios. Circular shaped moonpool is also tested for measuring the responses. The vessel moored using heavy lines are modelled and tested in the wave basin. The pretensions of the lines are varied by altering the touchdown points and the dynamic tensions on the lines are measured. The different modes of oscillations of water column are measured using wave gauge and the vessel response at a particular situation is determined. RAOs calculated for various situations provide better insight to the designer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2003

A new phaC gene cluster encoding polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase I PHA depolymerase, and PHA synthase II was cloned using the touchdown PCR method, from medium-chain length (mcl-) PHA-producing strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The molecular structure of the cloned phaCl gene was analyzed, and the phylogenic relationship was compared with other phaCl genes cloned from Pseudomonas species. The cloned phaCl gene was expressed in a recombinant E. coli to the similar level of PHA synthase in the parent strain P. putida KT2440, but no significant amount of mcl-PHA was accumulated. The isolated phaCl gene was re-introduced into the parent strain P. putida KT2440 to amplify the PHA synthase I activity, and the recombinant P. purida accumulated mcl-PHA more effectively, increasing from 26.6 to $43.5\%$. The monomer compositions of 3-hydroxylalkanoates in mcl-PHA were also modified significantly in the recombinant P. putida enforcing the cloned phaCl gene.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.317-327
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• 2014

As a single subject study, it was purposed to investigate kinematic differences between Yang Hak Seon vault (i.e., handspring forward and salto forward straight with triple twist, Yang-1 vault hereafter) and Tsukahara $1260^{\circ}$ twist with salto forward straight (Yang-2 vault hereafter) in gymnastics. Yang Hak-Seon (23 years, 160 cm, and 52 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. Motion capture system, consisting of fourteen cameras, were used to measure Yang-2 vault with the sampling rate of 200 Hz. Twenty six reflective markers were placed on major anatomical points of 15 body segments. Successful two trials of Yang-2 vault were collected and analyzed for the comparison. Compared Yang-1 results were based on the previous study of Park and Song (2012). Results indicated superior linear kinematics of Yang-1 vault to those of Yang-2 vault before the touchdown of vault table. However, Yang-2 vault revealed superior angular kinematics to Yang 1 vault showing more trunk twist angle (a triple and a half twist) and its faster angular velocity during the airborne. The Yang 2 vault could has advantage of increasing angular motion than Yang 1 vault as a result of a half turn off the springboard onto the vault table and a sequential touchdown of the hands.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the biomechanical characteristics of open spike in the volleyball to improve the technique of the volleyball spike. The subjects were six male college and high school athletes. The motions of volleyball spike were filmed by using two Sony VX 2000 Video Cameras. The mechanical factors were angle and angular velocity of body segments in the upper and the lower limbs. The conclusions were as follows; 1. The angle of the shoulder joint of the skilled showed larger than that of the unskilled in impacting of the volley ball spike. 2. The angle of the elbow joint of the skilled showed larger than that of the unskilled in impacting of the volley ball spike. 3. The angle of the wrist joint of the skilled showed smaller than that of the unskilled in impacting of the volley ball spike. 4. The angle of the hip joint of skilled showed larger than that of unskilled in impacting of the volley ball spike. 5. The angle of the knee joint of the skilled and the unskilled showed same in take off and impacting of the volley ball spike, and that of the skilled showed smaller than that of the unskilled in take-off touchdown and touchdown after impact of the volley ball spike. 6. The angle of the ankle joint of skilled showed larger than unskilled in take-off of the volley ball spike. 7. The angular velocity of the shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint of the skilled showed faster than that of the unskilled in impacting of the volley ball spike. Taken together the result of them, I have come to conclusion that knee joint angle in touchdown of the take off should be decreased and knee joint angle in take off should be increased, and then stability of the take off should be made and, and that extension of the elbow joint should be made and wrist joint angle decreased and shoulder and hip joint angle increased, and then C.O.G of the arm and hand should be positioned ahead C.O.G of the body in impacting for effective impact of the spike, and that the transfer of the angular velocity of body segments for effective impact of the spike make from the proximal segment to the distal segment at spike in volleyball.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제4C권4호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2004

This paper presents a silicon probe tip for vertical probe card application. The silicon probe tip was fabricated using MEMS technology such as porous silicon micromachining and deep- RIE (reactive ion etching). The thickness of the silicon epitaxial layers was 5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. The width and length were 40 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 600 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. The probe structure was a multilayered structure and was composed of Au/Ni-Cr/Si$_3$N$_4$/n-epi layers. The height of the curled probe tip was measured as a function of the annealing temperature and time. Resistance characteristics of the probe tip were measured using a touchdown test.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2011

A Continuous Descent Approach(CDA) is defined as a simple, cost-effective, noise and emission abatement technique for any powered aircraft on approach. CDA also can be optimised within energy, speed and safety constraints by avoiding unnecessary flap, air brake and engine thrust. This study includes comparison on fuel consumption between Continuous Descent type and Step Down type by using flight data. In particular, we investigated fuel flow per hour, calibrated airspeed and pressure altitude for all flight time. During descent flight, the fuel consumption of Continuous Descent type was less than the fuel consumption of Step Down type.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2155-2157
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• 2004

본 논문은 항공기용 Brake-By-Wire System 개발을 위한 설계 및 제작 그리고 시험에 관한 내용을 다루고 있다. 개발된 디지털제어기(Digital Control Unit)는 기본적인 제동기능 외에 Anti-skid 기능, Locked Wheel Protection 기능, Touchdown Protection 기능 등을 수행할 수 있다. 기능의 수행검중을 위해 실시간 HILS (Hardware In the Loop Simulation) 시험 및 Dynamometer 시험을 실시하여, 개발된 Brake-By-Wire System의 기능 및 성능을 확인하였다.