• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2020

The tracheostomy directs external air into the airway tract. This process causes mucosal dryness, irritation and inflammation in the tracheo-bronchial tree. In order to prevent such problems, several methods are applied; ointment application, humidification and careful suction etc. The heat-moisture exchanger (HME) is commercially sold device that assists heating and humidification of the inhaled air. The authors experienced successful treatment outcome of intractable tracheitis caused by repetitive and vigorous intra-tracheal suction by applying HME in a total laryngectomized patient. We report an interesting and didactic case with a brief literature review.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.2 s.55
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• pp.200-208
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• 2005

This study was aimed to provide the measurement data and shape classification of the head of the Korean female children for the headwear sizing systems. Four hundred nineteen female children, aged nine to twelve years, participated for this study. The 19 regions on the head and height, weight of the subjects were directly measured by the expert experimenters. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, GLM analysis and Tukey HSD test were performed using these data. Through factor analysis, five factors were extracted upon factor scores and those factors comprised $71.318\%$ for the total variances. Three clusters as their head shape were categorized using fiver factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was characterized by the widest head width, Bitragion arc, and shortest head length, and medium height and weight. Type 2 had the longest head length and the widest side head width and the highest head circumference, and highest height and largest weight. Type 3 was characterized by the medium head length, smallest head circumstance, narrowest head width and side head width, and smallest height and weight.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2000

Background : Stomal recurrence that occasionally follows total laryngectomy is associated with very poor prognosis regardless of treatment modality, so it is very important to identify high risk patients to prevent stomal recurrence. Objectives : We attempted to select an optimal management method to prevent stomal recurrence by analyzing risk factors in each patient who was found to have stomal recurrence following total laryngectomy. Materials and Methods : Risk factors in each of eleven patients who had stomal recurrence out of 159 patients who underwent total laryngectomy in the last ten years were analyzed retrospectively. Data were gathered on risk factors such as the presence of subglottic extension, extralaryngeal extension, thyroid gland invasion, lymph node metastasis, timing of tracheotomy, tumor stage, postoperative radiotherapy, and inclusion of the stoma in the radiotherapy field. Results : There were eight cases of subglottic extension, six cases of extralaryngeal invasion, one case of pharyngocutaneous fistula that occurred as a postoperative complication, and one case who was taken completion laryngectomy following conservation surgery. With the exception of one case who was taken tracheotomy prior to total laryngectomy, all tracheotomies were performed intra-operatively after endotracheal intubation. There was no evidence of paratracheal lymph node or prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis on preoperative neck CT scan. There were six cases of T4 tumors, four cases of T3 tumors, and one case of T2 tumor. Salvage surgery was performed following radiotherapy in three cases, and aside from one case who was not taken post-operative radiotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy including the stoma was performed in the remaining seven cases within one month after surgery. Conclusion : Total laryngectomy with wide paratracheal lymph node dissection, thyroidectomy, and tracheotomy should be performed for patients who have high risk factors such as subglottic extension and advanced stage. We believe that tracheotomy should be precede endotracheal intubation. Efforts should be made to prevent stomal recurrence by utilizing postoperative radiotherapy and by minimizing postoperative complications such as infection and fistula.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.779-787
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to classify the head shape for the apparel industry and to suggest standard head model for korean women. The 23 measurement items of 891 females, aged more than 18 years were used to analysis by statistical methods. Factor analysis, cluster analysis and duncan test were performed using these data. Through factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted upon factor scores and those factors comprised 68.76% for the total variances. 5 clusters as their head and face shape were categorized. We decided for the type 3 to standard head shape. 24 participants were measured using computed tomography(CT). The measured data of skin and skeleton and the standard head shapes were illustrated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.141-145
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• 2014

A minimally appropriate time delay of audio data processing is investigated for rendering virtual sound source direction in real-time head-tracking environment under headphone listening. Less than 3.7 degree of angular mismatch should be maintained in order to keep desired sound source directions in virtually fixed while listeners are rotating their head in a horizontal plane. The angular mismatch is proportional to speed of head rotation and data processing delay. For 20 degree/s head rotation, which is a relatively slow head-movement case, less than total of 63ms data processing delay should be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.319-324
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of dorsal neck muscle fatigue on the cervical range of motion (CROM) and proprioception in adults with the forward head posture (FHP). Methods: Thirty pain-free subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects were measured the forward head angle by taking the capture of the sagittal plane of their upper body to determine the FHP. Subjects were distributed into two groups: the FHP group (n=14) and Control group (n=16). All subjects were measured the CROM and the Head repositioning accuracy (HRA) for joint proprioception before and after inducing muscle fatigue of the dorsal neck. The CROM and HRA were measured in neck flexion, extension, right-left lateral flexion, and right-left rotation. Sorenson's test was used to induce muscle fatigue of the dorsal neck. Results: Total CROMs were significantly decreased after dorsal neck muscle fatigue in both groups (p<0.05). Total HRAs were significantly increased after dorsal neck muscle fatigue in the FHP group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the control group (p>0.05). Total CROM changes were not significant differences between groups (p>0.05), but total HRA changes were significant differences between groups (p<0.05) except for right and left lateral flexion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Immediate CROM and proprioception reduction after the dorsal neck muscle fatigue were observed in adults with the FHP. Therefore, FHP can significantly affect the CROM and positioning consistency of cervical proprioception.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

Background: Saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test are clinically useful tests to accurately diagnose vertigo. However, there have only been a few studies regarding a correlation between the anatomical site of the lesion and the abnormality of eyeball movement in patients with vertigo. Methods: The medical records of 97 patients with vertigo between January 2006 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified many kinds of abnormalities regarding the saccade test, smooth pursuit test and optokinetic nystagmus test into several categories and analyzed the localizing lesion of vertigo. Results: According to the saccade test, both total saccade abnormality (S-total) and slow velocity of saccade (S-type 3) were shown to be significantly higher in the central lesion of vertigo. According to the smooth pursuit test, symmetrical unidirectional smooth pursuit abnormality (SP-type 2) was observed to be significantly higher in the peripheral lesion over vertigo. Moreover, according to the optokinetic nystagmus test, total optokinetic nystagmus abnormalities (OKN-total) were shown to be significantly useful findings in the diagnosis of the central lesion of vertigo. The coexisting abnormalities of all three tests (S+SP+OKN abnormalities) were shown to be significantly higher in the central lesion of vertigo. Conclusion: These results suggest that all these tests, saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test, are very useful to distinguish between the central lesion and the peripheral lesion of vertigo. However, these tests are not beneficial in localizing the central lesion of vertigo.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.287-292
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• 1997

We report 22 cases of well -differentiated thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the upper airway tract. This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the prognosis md to determine optimal therapy for thyroid carcinoma adhering to or invading the trachea or larynx from 1984.3 to 1996.12. The treatment was individualized depending on the extent of the cancer. There were 12 cases dissected free by an laryngotracheal shaving, 7 cases removed by an tracheal resection with end to end anastomosis, 3 cases removed by an total laryngectomy. In all of these cases, we performed a total thyroidectomy with an accompanying neck dissection. There were no major complications during the operation. Over the 5-years observation period, 11 patients are alive without a sign of recurrence, 4 Patients are alive with recurrence, 7 died of thyroid carcinoma; 2 of 12 in an laryngotracheal shaving cases, 2 of 7 in an tracheal resection with end to end anastomosis case, 3 of 3 in an total laryngectomy case. The result showed an radical operation for thyroid carcinoma invading the laryngotrachea improves the survival rate, but limits improving the cure rate, and the invasion of the thrchea or larynx must be treated whenever possible by an total resection followed by radioiodine and external beam radiation.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.743-756
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to set measurement parts which are important to identify the size and shape of the head in order to produce tightly fitted hats, and to identify detailed sizes and the major factors of head shape classifications of Korean women. A total of 285 Korean women's in the age group of 18 to 35 years old. It were measured through the direct measurement method by selecting 67 measurement items. Materials were analyzed by SPSS Ver.10 and technology statistics and factor analysis were performed according to the agenda. An attempt was made to conduct factor analysis of the measured region of the head in women's. Here, this study drew the head and the facial parts horizontal size as Factor 1, the head and facial parts vertical size as Factor 2, the circumference and width item as Factor 3, the factor representing the form of head height as Factor 4, the factor expressing the proportion of the facial form as Factor 5 and the factor about the frontal and back head form on the plan of the middle as Factor 6. Through this study, we will be able to systemize head measurement materials that can differentiate Korean's head from other peoples' and can use the results in developing head shape models according to Korean's head shape by selecting major head parts needed to identify the sizes and shapes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.533-538
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• 2002

This research demonstrates the transient response of a head disk assembly subjected to a half-sine shock pulse in the axial direction. In case of disk analysis, the numerical method presented by Barasch and Chen is used. Galerkin method is used with mode shape by numerical method. head-suspension system is modeled by the cantilever in order to get simulation results. Simulation results about total system of HDA are calculated by Runge-Kutta method.