• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Standard treatment of locally advanced laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, and some oropharyngeal cancers includes total laryngectomy. In an attempt to preserve the larynx through induction chemotherapy, we designed induction chemotherapy followed by definitive radiation in patients with potentially respectable head and neck cancer to determine whether organ preservation is feasible without apparent compromise of survival. Materials and Methods: The twenty-six patients diagnosed advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Stage III or IV (AJCC 2002) and performed organ preservation protocols in Ajou university hospital from 1994 to 2001 were included in this study. Results: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed an overall response rate of 84.6% and a complete remission (CR) rate was 59.1% following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. Seven of thirteen patients were able to preserve their larynges for more than two years by chemotherapy and radiation. There were no treatment related mortality after 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although Organ preservation protocol through neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation need more controlled randomized study, it was considered alternative treatment modality in advanced head and neck cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2019

Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a relatively common, but serious complication after pharyngeal or laryngeal cancer surgery. It can cause wound infection, longer hospitalization period and sometimes carotid artery rupture which can be fatal. Recently, we experienced a 63-year-old larynx cancer patient who had dementia and alcoholic liver cirrhosis for underlying diseases. He underwent total laryngectomy and both neck dissection, and pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred during postoperative radiotherapy. Pharyngocutaneous fistula during postoperative radiotherapy has not yet reported in the literature, and there are few reports about pre and postoperative management of dementia patient after head and neck cancer surgery. Therefore, we report this case with a brief review of literature.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.679-689
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• 2016

Lettuce is an important annual leafy vegetable and bitterness is its potent flavor character. Lettuce germplasm differ their phenotypic characters and sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) contents which are important for consumer's acceptance. This study was carried out to evaluate the phenotypic characters and SLs contents in one hundred lettuce germplasm in Jeonju, Korea. Twenty-three agro-morphological (16 qualitative and 7 quantitative) traits and two SLs (lactucin and lactucopicrin) contents were studied in these germplasm. Germplasm exhibited the variation in qualitative and quantitative characters. Average plant weight was 423.9 g with a range from 116.0 to 905.0 g. Lactucin content was varied from 19.7 (IT 294226) to $194.4{\mu}g/g$ (IT 294298) with an average concentration of $84.7{\mu}g/g$. Lactucopicrin ranged from 82.5 (IT 300134) to $2228.6{\mu}g/g$ (IT 294210) with an average concentration of $586.3{\mu}g/g$. Total SLs content was ranged from 120.1 (IT 300134) to 2286.6 (IT 294210)${\mu}g/g$ with the average concentration of $671.0{\mu}g/g$. Significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) differences were found between crisp head and butter head germplasm for lactucin, lactucopicrin and total SLs content. Crisp head germplasm revealed the highest average lactucin ($112.9{\mu}g/g$), lactucopicrin ($734.8{\mu}g/g$) and total SLs content ($847.7{\mu}g/g$). Crisp head and leafy type germplasm exhibited more total SLs content (847.7 and $744.7{\mu}g/g$, respectively) than cos ($524.9{\mu}g/g$) and butter head type ($519.4{\mu}g/g$). Principal component analyses of the quantitative traits indicated that the first principal component axis accounted more than 91% of the total variation. This study revealed the ample genetic variation in the agro-morphological traits and SLs contents to support the selection for improved lettuce varieties.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.403-409
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• 2014

Assessment of pollutant loads for livestock manure based on total organic carbon (TOC) is being required to apply TOC as an indicator in management of total maximum daily loads. In this study, TOC based unit loads of pig manure known as highly contributing to water pollution assessed. The concentration of pig manure, amount of manure production including cleaning water, and unit loads were investigated targeting 52 farms according to 4 major river basins, rearing form, farm scale, and piggery form. The manure production was highly generated in scraper type of piggery, in small scaled farm rearing sow, and in Han River basin and Nakdong River basin. The averaged manure production was 7.4 L/head/d in total river basins. Averaged concentrations were investigated as TOC 16,037 mg/L, BOD 10,559 mg/L, TN 4,145 mg/L, and TP 503 mg/L. Corresponding unit loads were assessed as TOC 117.1 g/head/d, BOD 77.1 g/head/d, TN 34.7 g/head/d, and TP 3.67 g/head/d.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2008

The generation amounts of manure and urine were total 4.57kg/head/d of 1.49kg manure/head/d and 3.08kg urine/head/d with consideration of 3 seasons and live weight. The finalized mean unit load generation of filth were estimated at BOD 199.5g/head/d, CODCr 413.5g/head/d, T-N 27.8g/head/d, T-P 5.3g/head/d with consideration of seasons and the type of stalls. The unit load generation of manure and urine from korean cow were analyzed as 10.9kg/head/day and 3.3kg/head/day, respectively. The unit load generation of manure from milch cow was analyzed to be 24.6L/head/day which was similar to the report of MOE(2006). The urine generation, 10.5L/head/day, was higher than the results from MOA(2000) and NIAR(2000), but was lower than the results from MOE(2006), NIER(1986) and KIST(1990). The unit load generation from egg layers estimated by discharged amount and concentration analysis increases in due to the difference of planting head numbers, feed stuffs and manure disposal. In case of deer unit load generation by herbivora were calculated to be higher than data from existing references because of the gap between weight per livestock and the generation amounts of manure and urine.

• Journal of Rhinology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: The present study evaluated the results of skin prick test using 55 allergens at 20 centers in the Republic of Korea in 2006, 2010, and 2014-2015. The aim was to assess changes in the positive rate of allergens according to temporal, regional, and environmental factors. Materials and Method: In total, 20 hospitals were selected based on the population distribution in the Republic of Korea. A skin prick test panel comprising 55 aeroallergens was distributed to 18 hospitals for this prospective study. The 2006 and 2010 skin prick test results were collected and analyzed retrospectively from 20 hospitals, while the 2014/2015 skin prick test results (from June 2014 to May 2015) were collected prospectively from 18 hospitals. Results: A total of 14,897 SPT test results were analyzed: 4,319 in 2006, 7,431 in 2010, and 1,852 in 2014/2015. The overall rate of skin prick test positivity to more than two allergens was significantly higher in males than females. The positive rates of alder pollens and birch, oak and ragweed pollen positivity were increased in older patients. Several positive rates were increased according to the temperature in spring. The positive rates for beech pollen, birch pollen, hazel pollen, oak pollen, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, mugwort, cat, Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae were significantly increased, while those of Cult rye pollen and dandelion were significantly decreased over the three test periods. The overall positive rate for allergens in Jeju province varied significantly from Seoul and other cities. Conclusion: Change in the positive rate of multiple aeroallergens was evaluated in the Republic of Korea over time. Our findings can be used to recommend aeroallergens suitable for inclusion in skin prick test panels in the Republic of Korea and will facilitate further investigation of changes in the patterns of allergic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 1994

During a 9-year period(March 1985 to February 1994), 111 consecutive total thyroidectomies and modified or radical neck dissections were performed at 81. Vincent Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, for benign and malignant disease. There were three permanent complications, persistent hypoparathyroidism, in total thyroidectomies. Overall complications were observed 20(62.5%) in benign diseases, 47(59.5%) in malignancy. In benign and malignant thyroid diseases. the complications were transient hypoparathyroidisms (28.8%), transient hoarsenesses(21.6%), wound infections (3.6%), bleedings(3.6%), and permanent hypoparathyroidisms(2.7%). Our experience suggests that the morbidity of total thyroidectomy relates primarily to the extracapsular extension, necessitating en bloc exision accompanied by additional lymph node dissection. The low incidence of permanent complications in thyroid disease suggests the feasibility of total thyroidectomy as the operation of choice when surgeons are familiar with the technique and indications.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.121-138
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were to identify the factors related to the changes of family total income total expenditures housing maintenance costs food expenditures and clothing expenditure, The data used for these purposes was collected from housewives living in jeonbuk area by questionaire in May 1998. Sample size of this data was 341 households. Statistics performed for the analysis were frequencies percentage means and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows; First monthly income decreased by 370,000 won than last year. The variables contributing to decreasing income were job type of household head and educational attainment of housewives the amount of total family current income total household expenditure and the perception of economic status. Second monthly expenditure decreased by 24,000 won than last year. The variables related to decreasing expenditure were educational attainment of housewives and the perception of economic stats. Third the variables related to their total household change were job type of household head number of family current household expenditure and the perception of economic status. finally the variables associated with total satisfaciotn of family life were the amount of leisure time the perception of economic attainment the confirmity of family and the amount of current household expenditure.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2006

Background and Objectives: Maxillectomy is the mainstay of treatment for malignant tumors of the maxillary sinus(MS). Nevertheless, few have been reported on the surgical outcomes of maxillectomy for malignant tumors of MS in Korean literature. Based on our clinical experience, the authors aimed to present the treatment outcomes of maxillectomy for squamous cell carcinomas(SCC) of MS. Subjects and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 26 cases of maxillectomies with see of MS, who were treated from 1995 to 2004 at Samsung Medical Center. Most patients(73.1%) were locally advanced stage(T3 or T4a) at initial presentation. Total maxillectomy was performed in 18 cases, which is the most frequent procedure(69.2%). We analyzed the treatment outcomes of see of MS and several variables includeing tumor stage and resection margin to identify predictors for treatment failure after maxillectomy. Follow-up duration ranged from 7 to 89 months with a mean of 33 months. Results: Treatment failure occurred in 7 cases(26.9%), among which 3 were salvaged. Three of 26 maxillectomies(11.5%) showed the positive or close(less than 5mm) resection margin in their posterior resection sites; however it did not coincide with the site of recurrence after radiation therapy. Among patients who had been followed up for more than 6 months, disease-free 3 year survival rate was 100.0% in T1 and T2, 76.2% in T3, 60% in T4a, and 69.6% in total. Conclusion: Even though most of see of MS were detected at locally advanced stage, maxillectomy with or without postoperative radiation therapy for resectable MS see(T1-T4a) provided the acceptable treatment outcome(70%, 3Y disease-free survival rate).

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1015-1025
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• 2016

In general, manholes installed as urban drainage facilities are a variety forms such as straight path manholes, 90 degree bend manhole, three-way combining manhole, and four-way combining manhole. In particular, the surcharged flow at a four-way manholes installed in the downstream of urban sewer system is the main cause of the urban inundation caused by the energy loss. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the flow characteristics and estimate the head loss coefficients at surcharged four-way combining manholes. The hydraulic experimental apparatus which can change the manhole shapes (square, circle) and flow ratios were installed to estimate the head loss coefficients. In the experiments, two inflows ($Q_m$, $Q_{lat}$) were varied from 0 to $4.8{\ell}/sec$ and 24 combinations were tested in total. The flow ratios $Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$ were varied from 0 to 1 for a total flow $Q_{out}$ ($Q_{out}=Q_m+2Q_{lat}$) of 2, 3, 4, and $4.8{\ell}/sec$, respectively. The variation of head losses were strongly influenced by the lateral inflow because the head loss coefficient increases as the flow ratios $Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$ increases. It was estimated head loss coefficients of the circular manhole is slightly lower than those of the square manhole. However, there was no significant difference of head loss as discharges change. The range of head loss coefficients at four-way combining manhole according to the change of the lateral inflow ratio was estimated to be 0.4 to 0.8. Also, the relation equations between the head loss coefficients (K) and the lateral inflow ratios ($Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$) were suggested in this paper.