• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.735-743
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• 2010

In order to inspect growth responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Quercus acutissima Carruther and Ulmus parvifolia Jacquin to NaCl treatment, NaCl solution was treated for four months with 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM concentrations, then survival rate, change of relative growth rate, weight, dry weight and pigment content of leaf were investigated. According to NaCl treatment, pH and EC (electrical conductivity) of soil increased, and growth rates of four tree species fell apparently as treatment time became longer. U. parvifolia had the highest survival rate with 15% in the 200mM treatment, and the other three species withered in the treatment. Relative growth rate, weight and dry weight decreased when NaCl treatment time grew longer. The total chlorophyll declined after it rose to 60 days, and the total chlorophyll and carotenoid of the all species according to NaCl treatment did not change very much. With the result from anlayzing growth responses of four tree species to oxidative stress which occurs during NaCl treatment, U. parvifolia has the highest tolerance, followed by K. paniculata, F. rhynchophylla and Q. acutissima.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

Isoflavone content in various parts of six soybean cultivars and soybean sprout during germination was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The parts analyzed were seed coat, cotyledon, and axis for seeds and whole sprout, root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon for sprout. Two cultivars, Aga3 which is known to have the smallest seed size and the highest isoflavone content among the Korean soybean cultivars and Pungsannamulkong which is the most widely being used as soy-sprout, were selected for sampling from 1 to 10 days after germination. At the same weight, the order of isoflavone content increased from seed coat to cotyledon to axis. The highest total isoflavone(isoflavone$\times$dry weight) content was observed in the cotyledon and the lowest in the seed coat. The cotyledon of the Aga3 variety had the highest total isoflavone content and the lowest was measured in the Pungsannamulkong variety. The highest total isoflavone content, $10,788{\mu}g/g$, was observed in whole sprouts(cotyledon+hypocotyl+root) on day 7 for Aga3. After day 7, there was a decreasing trend in isoflavone content as the germination period increased. Total isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Aga3 significantly increased after seed germination, whereas the isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Pungsannamulkong decreased. However, total isoflavone content in the root of both varieties increased while isoflavone content in the hypocotyls decreased after seed germination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.868-870
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• 1999

A total of 69 ovaries were collected from 345 camels slaughtered in Maiduguri abattoir, North-Eastern part of Nigeria, to study the influence of season on ovary weight and corpus luteum count in the dromedary (single humped) camel (Camelus dromedaries). Right ovary was significantly heavier (p<0.01) and had more follicular fluid than the left. Although corpus luteum count increased gradually throughout the study period, no camel had 3 active corpora lutea and only 53 out of the total number had two. Ovarian activity seem to be higher in the cold dry harmattan season, November/December, than during the warmer post rainy season, September/October. These periods can be exploited by farmers, especially peasants who rely heavily on natural mating, to obtain greater conception rates and reduce the chance of failure during mating.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.215-218
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• 2004

Marine sediments and bivalves were sampled at 20 stations from coastal regions of Korea, to investigate the levels and patterns of some chlorobenzene isomers. Total chlorobenzenes were in the range of 0.32-3.55 ng/g dry weight in marine sediments and 0.26-0.84 ng/g wet weight in bivalves. Hexachlorobenzene levels in marine sediments and bivalves were lower thar or comparable to those levels of reported in other countries. Isomeric patterns of some chlorobenzenes in marine sediments and bivalves were slightly different. However, the pre-dominant isomer in marine sediments and bivalves was 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Hexachlorobenzene contribution to total concentrations was higher in sediments than in bivalves.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2000

The effects of the simulated acid rain on the growth response and water status of Glycine soja was observed in 2 months-old seedlings. The seedlings were treated with acid rain(pH 3.5), three times per week. Glycine soja showed significant reduction in the total length, total weight, dry weight, water contents and top/root ratio after treatment of simulated acid rain(pH 3.5) for 56 days. The growth of shoot was more susceptible to acid rain than that of roots. On the contray, Number of lateral roots, water saturation deficit and epidermis transpiration was higher than that of control(pH 5.6) after 56 days treatment of simulated acid rain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 1997

A study was carried out to evaluate the values of roughages available in Korea on feed intake and digestibility of Korean native goats and consequently to apply its results to the feeding system of Korean goats as a basic information. The results are as follows. 1. The protein contents in Alfalfa and Acacia leaf were 17.6 and 16.3% respectively 11.7 and 6.8% higher than orchardgrass and pine needle. Ether extract tom pine needle was about two times higher than other roughage sources which are 9.2%. 2. Dry matter intake per day in goats fed alfalfa, acacia leaf and orchardgrass was higher (P < 0.05) at 590.3, 543.8 and 496.58 respectively and 217.lg in pine needle. 3. Dry matter intake per basal weight (DM glkg of B$W^{0.75}$ and DM g/kg of BW%) was higher in goats fed acacia leaf at 68.5 and 3.5% respectively than any other treatments goats fed pine needle showed the lowest (P< 0.05) dry matter intake at 28.6 and 1.5% respectively. 4. Dry matter digestibility was highest (PcO.05) in alfalfa fed goats at 61.4%. Dry matter digestibilities in orchardgrass, pine needle and acacia leaf were 58.0, 46.8 and 46.6% respectively. 5. Total digestible nutrients were highest (P< 0.05) in Alfalfa fed goats at 59.5%. Total digestible nutrients in orchardgrass, pine needle and acacia leaf were 54.2, 50.7 and 47.7% respectively. 6. In conclusion, the value of orchardgrass as feed for goats was as excellent as alfalfa and although acacia leaf had a less value than alfalfa in goats, it is considered to be used as a protein supplement in diets for goats due to its high content of protein and excellent palatability. Intake of pine needle in Korean goats in this study was satisfactory and it indicates the possibility of its use as a supplement in diets for goats. However, fkther investigation will be necessary particularly on the deleterious effects of ether extracts of pine needle

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.992-996
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• 2006

A study was carried out to examine the effect of supplementing urea-sprayed maize stover with incremental levels of Tithonia diversifolia (Tithonia) forage on dry matter (DM) intake, digestibility and live weight changes. Fifteen crossbred bucks were used in a completely randomised design for a duration of 7 weeks. The treatments comprised of a control: the basal diet (maize stover sprayed with 1% urea) plus 100 g maize germ offered alone or supplemented with: 10 (T1), 20 (T2), 30 (T3) or 40% (T4) Tithonia on a dry matter basis. All animals were allowed ad libitum access to water and mineral lick. Supplementing maize stover with Tithonia resulted in increased total DM intake (p<0.05) from 376.7 (control), to 444.1 (T1), 533.1 (T2), 519.7 (T3) and 578.9 g/day (T4) but did not significantly (p>0.05) influence the intake of stover. Diet DM digestibility increased with supplementation with T3 recording the highest value of 66.5% which was 10.6% higher than the control. Supplementation significantly increased daily weight gains (p<0.05). T4 had the highest ADG (43.7 g/day), even though there was no difference between T4 and T3 (35.7 g/day). In goats, Tithonia should be included up to 30% of ration on a DM basis for optimum production. The higher level of inclusion (40%) may be used for higher total output in terms of meat and milk but with few animals.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.276-280
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• 2013

D. kaki and D. lotus are used as rootstocks for astringent persimmons in Korea but characteristics of their seedlings have not been determined. In this experiment, their seeds were sown in 3-L pots on April 18 and the seedlings were grown until October 24. Growth and nutrient absorption were compared at the end of the season after destructively harvesting the seedlings. Seedling growth of D. lotus was much faster than that of D. kaki in terms of total stem length, stem diameter, and number of leaves. However, chlorophyll value and specific leaf weight were higher in D. kaki than in D. lotus. Dry weight of D. lotus was 3.6- and 3.7-fold higher than that of D. kaki in above-ground parts and the root, respectively. D. kaki seedlings were characterized by higher concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the leaves, stem, or the root. However, total contents of the elements were 1.8- to 3.7-fold higher in a D. lotus seedling due to its greater dry weight. Since D. lotus seedlings absorbed more inorganic elements on a tree basis and grew more vigorously than D. kaki seedlings, the level of fertilization for astringent persimmons should be adjusted depending on rootstocks to maintain the trees at the optimum vigor.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 1992

Self-and reciprocal-graftings were made between soybean varieties(cv.Hwangkeumkong, Paldalkong, Bokwangkong and Jangkyongkong) to assertain the relative role of shoot and root in soybean growth and yield determination. The influence of grafting per se on plant height and leaf number on main stem were negligible as evidenced by the insignificant differences between self-and reciprocal-graftings. The effect of grafting on flowering was different between different set of varieties grafted reciprocally. Self grafting delayed flowering 2 days and reciprocal grafting delayed another 2 days, in general. The effects of grafting on dry weights of different plant parts except pod were also insignificant. Reciprocal grafting increased pod dry weight in Hwangkeumkong and Paldalkong regardless whether they were used as scion or stock. Reciporcal grafting also influenced dry weights of Bokwangkong and Jangkyongkong significantly, but the response was different from those of Hwangkeumkong or Paldalkong. Jangkyongkong, when used as stock, decreased total dry weight of Bokwangkong significantly through the reduction of pod and stem dry weights. Stem diameter was increased by grafting, however, grafting decreased number of branches in all varieties. The average yields of self-and reciprocal-grafting were decreased by 11% and 24%, respectively, comparing to that of non-grafting, while average yield of reciprocal grafting was 14% lower than that of self grafting. Stem weight of grafted soybeans was decreased by 29-32% comparing to that of non-grafted soybeans, but the difference between self and reciprocal graftings was negligible. The genetic characteristics of scion was found to be more important than those of stock in determination of yield and stem weight. It was also indicated that varieties and characteristics are different in response to grafting.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.427-431
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigatigate feed cost of com-manure silage and growth performance of Korean native goats which was fed com-manure silage. The average weight about 11.6 kg of twenty one Korean native male goats (4 months used to determine the effect of the feeding trial. The goats were individually reared in metabolism cages and fed diet daily of 2% of the body weight on the dry matter basis. The treatments were divided into whole crop com silage(CS silage), whole crop com ensiled with cage layer manure (CLM; Com-manure silage or MS silage) and whole crop com silage supplemented with urea at feeding time (US silage). The content of crude protein, lactic acid and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen ($NH_3-N/Total$ N) in MS silage were increased from 7.7 to 14.9%, 5.7 to 7.5% and 8.2 to 16.6%, and the differences were significantly (p < 0.05) different in all observations. Total body weight gain of those goats for 90 days was 6.0 kg (66.7 g/day; MS silage 4.3 kg (47.8 g/day; US silage) and 3.9 kg (43.4 g/day; CS silage), and feed conversion of MS silage (5.98) for 90 days was increased by far the best in the other groups and decreased about 30% in proportion to CS silage. Feed cost per 1 kg MS silage (1,606 won) was the lowest (p < 0.05) in the body weight gain and cut down expenses than fed CS silage by 37% of feed cost.