• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.160-164
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• 2000

The content of total dietary fiber in biji dried by hot air was 65.40%, and the percent of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber in total dietary fiber was 63.60% and 1.80%, respectively. In testing the feasibility of biji as a fiber source in cake, cakes were prepared with flour substituted with biji powder at the level of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The Hunter value showed that the crumb colors of the cakes with 10%, 15% and 20% biji powder were significantly different from the control. The specific volume of the cake with 20% biji powder was significantly lower tan the other cakes. Cakes with 5%, 10% and 15% biji powder were les hard than the control after 10 days storage at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Sensory evaluations showed that their characteristics - crumb color, crumb texture, moistness, softness and overall preference - were significantly influenced by the replacement of flour with 10%, 15% and 20% biji powder. However, there was no difference in softness and overall preference of the cake prepared with 5% replacement compared to the control.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the food behavior and dietary fiber intakes of high school girls using questionnaires and 24-hr recall method. Collected sample were 263 girls from 4 different high schools. The dietary intakes were analyzed by the DS24 WIN program. The average height and weight of the respondents were $161.0{\pm}5.0$ cm and $51.8{\pm}6.3$ kg. The average BMI was $20.2{\pm}2.2$ which was within the normal range. The breakfast skipping rate was 39.2% and the reason of breakfast skipping were lack of time(50.0%), irregular meal time due to eating between meals(17.0%) and poor appetite(13.7%). The average daily energy intake of the respondents was 1741kcal. Beside protein, phosphorus, iron, niacin, vitamin A, and B1, all other nutrients intake level were below the recommended intake(RI). Average calcium and folate intakes were below the EAR as of $59.5{\sim}89.7%$ and $63{\sim}83%$ respectively. The average dietary fiber intake of the subjects was $15.6{\pm}5.2$ g, between 3.4g-35.2 g, and the respondents coumed $9.2{\pm}2.6$ g/kcal of dietary fiber. The main sources of dietary fiber were rice and kimchi which supplied 14.75% and 13.66% of total dietary fiber respectively. Also the major food groups supplying dietary fiber were vegetables and cereals, 36.90% and 31.06% of total dietary fiber respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.311-322
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• 1994

This study was conducted to compare the effects of four types of dietary fiber supplementations (cellulose, pectin, guar gum, and polydextrose) on gastrointestinal function, diabetic symptom amelioration and lipid & glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Six groups of male rats were fed ad libitum dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 5% dietary fiber for four weeks. All types of dietary fiber supplementation seemed to protect the diabetic animals from the loss of body weight. The primary diabetic symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphasia, polyuria and urinary glucose excretion were ameliorated by cellulose, pectin, and guar gum, but not by polydextrose. Gastrointestinal transit time was significantly shortened and fecal dry weight was significantly increased in all the dietary fiber-supplemented groups except the polydextrose group. Large intestine was significantly lengthened by dietary fiber feeding. The serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were effectively lowered by pectin, guar gum and polydextrose. Regardless of their types, the fiber supplementation had no effect on serum HDL-cholesterol. Whereas fasting blood glucose level was significantly lowered by all types of fiber supplementations, glucose tolerance was more effectively improved by pectin and guar gum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 1984

The effect of fiber sources on lipid metabolism was investigated in relation to the level of dietary fat. After rats were fed each diet for 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to collect the liver, and blood samples by heart puncture. Total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipid and HDL- cholesterol were determined in serum. Total lipid and total cholesterol were also determined in liver. These results were compared with the histochemical appearances by the method of Oil red-O staining. Higher level of fat in the diet appeared to increase the total lipid levels in serum and more fat in the liver cells were shown from the high fat diet judging from the E.M. pictures. Phospholipid concentration in serum was greater in the rats of high fat groups than those of the control or non-fat groups. High fat level caused to decrease the HDL- cholesterol concentration in serum. Pectin decreased serum and liver lipids and the deposit of fat in the liver cells. HDL-cholesterol levels in serum was increased by pectin. Whereas the cellulose supplementation had no effect to reduce serum and liver total lipid levels, and cellulose did not decreased the deposit of fat in the liver cells. From these results, it is concluded that dietary fat levels led to changes in the lipid metabolism of rats and pectin may exhibit a lowering total lipid contents in serum and liver. Cellulose may slightly elevate serum and liver levels, or have no lowering effect.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.562-569
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of porphyran and insoluble dietary fiber isolated from laver in rats fed high fat diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate and 12% lard. Rats were fed, ad libitum, diets containing 5% diet fiber as cellulose(normal control or high fat control), porphyran or insoluble dietary fiber for 4 weeks. Among the groups fed high fat diet, liver weight was significantly lower in high fat porphyran group than high fat control. Plasma GOT, GPT, total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, LDL-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol concentration were significantly lower in high fat porphyran group than high fat control. The feeding of porphyran significantly increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion. The feeding of insoluble dietary fiber had no significant effect on either plasma or liver cholesterol levels, although fecal cholesterol level in the insoluble dietary fiber group was significantly higher than that in the high fat control. The results indicate that porphyran isolated from the laver may exert their hypocholesterolemic effect by increasing excretion of fecal bile acid and cholesterol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.534-546
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• 1991

Three-day dietary records data from 237 college students(male 65, female 172) were used as the basis to estimate total dietary fiber(DF) intake of Korean adults & to investigate the major food sources of fiber. Mean daily DF intake of the subjects was 15.2$\pm$3.7g range being 7.5-34g When related to energy intake women consume more DF(7.7$\pm$1.5/1000kcal) than men(6.8$\pm$1.7g/1000kcal) Mean daily crude fiber(CF) intake of the subjects was 6.2$\pm$2.4g The mean DF:CF ratio for the subjects was 2.5$\pm$0.5 indicating that DF intake is 2-3 times of CF intakes The intakes of the two measures of fiber were highly correlated(r=0.791) The major food sources for DF in Korean are vegetables cereals and fruits and 14.3% respectively In comparision with limited international data on the DF intake by adults DF intake by the subjects was similar to those of developed countries. Present study indicates that DF intakes of the subjects are considerably lower than recommended level and they need to consume more DF than the present level.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1985

The influence of fat level and dietary fiber on serum and liver lipid concentration of the rat was investigated. Groups of rats were fed respectively 3%, 5%, 20% fat containing and free fiber diet until 5th week. From 5th week to 9th week high fat diet groups of rates were devided high fat diet group, high fat pectin supplemented diet group and high fat celulose supplemented diet group. Pectin and cellulose at 10% was supplemented to high fat diets. After rats were fed for 9 weeks, all rats were sacrificed to collect the liver and blood samples by heart puncture. Serum and liver lipids were determined on all rats and compared the histochemical lipid staining method with the biochemical analysis of serum and liver lipids. A high fat diet caused increased level of the total lipids, total cholesterol and free cholesterol contents in the liver and the serum. Rats fed pectin reduced body weight, werum lipid and liver lipid but cellulose had no effect to reduce serum and liver lipid concentration. These results indicate that dietary fat level led to changes in the lipid metabolism of rats and that pectin was more effective in lowering serum and liver lipid than cellulose.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.989-1001
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• 2023

The study evaluated the effects of dietary fiber and energy levels administered during two growing periods (d 0-28 and d 29-56) for pigs exposed to a high temperature. A total of 96 growing pigs were used in six treatments as: Two treatments in thermoneutral temperature (21℃-24℃) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, two treatments in heat stress (30℃-34℃) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, and two treatments in heat stress with dietary energy of 3,450 and the inclusion of high or low fiber. Among standard energy level treatments, heat-stressed pigs showed lower average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, and crude fiber in phases 1 and 2. Moreover, higher concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in feces were shown in pigs fed high fiber diets. There was a negative interaction between dietary fiber and energy for the fecal concentration of isobutyrate in phase 1 and valerate in phase 2. Pigs in heat stress treatments showed a higher rectal temperature, respiratory rate, hair cortisol, plasma zonulin, and fecal lipocalin-2. Among heat stress treatments, the overall ADG was increased in pigs fed high fiber. Pigs fed high dietary fiber showed a greater concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA. High fiber treatments decreased plasma zonulin. In conclusion, the inclusion of beet pulp, soluble fiber, at the level of 4% looks necessary in pigs diet during heat stress.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.702-706
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• 1996

Husked barley contained 17.2% dietary fiber and naked barley contained 14.9% dietary fiber. The barley was ground in a Udy cyclotec mill having a 0.5 mm screen and sieved with a 400-mesh screen (38 m openings). Coarse material of naked barley retained by the screen, with a weight yield of 54.1%, contained 7.0% soluble dietary fiber, 13.9% insoluble dietary filer and 20.9% total dietray fiber. As the naked barley flour level increased in bread baking, the water absorption, mixing time, and loaf weight increased, but the loaf volume decreased. Barley flour was added to wheat flour at a replacement level of 10% without a large adverse effect on bread quality, and the dietary fiber content of bread was increased from 3.0% to 5.0%. The soluble dietary fiber content was not changed, but the insoluble dietary fiber content was increased during the baking process.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.485-496
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate nutritional effect of various dietary fibers on lead absorption and metabolism of protein and lipid in growing rats. Forty eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 75.7$\pm$0.7g were blocked into six groups according to body weight and fed six kinds of diet different with fiber source(non-fiber, cellulose, pectin) and lead level(0%, 1% ) for 4 weeks. Results are summerized as follows: 1) Food intake, weight gain, FER and PER were remarkably decreased in lead(Pb) added groups, and FER and PER in Pb-added pectin group were significantly lower than those in Pb-added non-fiber group. 2) Weight of liver, kidney and epididymal fat pad, bone weight and length, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content were decreased in Pb-added groups. 3) Total protein content in serum was tended to be decreased in Pb-added groups, but total lipid and cholesterol contents in serum were not different with dietary Pb level and fiber source. 4) Nitrogen, lipid and cholesterol content in liver were tended to be deceased in Pb-added groups, and especially those of the Pb-added pectin group were the lowest among groups. 5) Daily urinary and fecal excretions of nitrogen, lipid and cholesterol were decreased in Pb-added groups. Especially fecal excretions of nitrogen, lipid and cholesterol in Pb-free groups were significantly increased by dietary cellulose and pectin. 6) Pb content in blood was significantly increased in Pb-added pectin group. There was no significant decrease in Pb contents of liver, kidney and tibia, and increase in excretion of Pb by feeding dietary fibers. In conculsion, dietary fibers had no effect on the absorption of Pb, and dietary pectin seemed to increase Pb poisoning by decreasing bioavailibility of protein, lipid and other nutrients in the diet.