• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제4권호
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• pp.5-29
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• 1995

Occupational health services in Korea have been operated as dual types : one is operated by occupational health care manager and the other is health care agency without their own personnel. The performance of occupational health service should be different due to the variety of characteristics of health care manager and workplace, qualification of health care manager. This study is to analyze performance of occupational health care services with a particular consideration of job performance shape and efficiency, based on comparing those two types of health care management to show on the basic data for the settlement of more qualitative health care management system at workplace. For this study, total 391 places in Seoul and Inchon city area ; 154 places (39.4%) managed by designated health care manager and 237 places (60.6%) by the agency with their commission are selected as research samples. Tools for data collection are questionnares that have been investigated during the period of 20 September 1993-20 December 1993. Those data are compared with percentiles, mean, standard deviation and B/C ratio using SPSS PC program. Conclusions observed from the tests and each comparison could be summerized as follows : 1. Occupational health care have been accomplished at workplaces with designated people than with agencies people, and coverage rate of the occupational health care services has differences, due to management types. The reason of these results is due to visit only one or two times monthly by the agencies, while their own health care manager obsess, at the workplaces all the times. 2. Most of the expense for environmental control of all health care services expenditures shows that there is almost no fundamental improvement because more expenses are needed for procuring personal protective equipment and measuring work environment instead of environmental improvement. 3. It is investigated how much the cost of occupational health care services needs per worker, and calculated how much the cost needs per service hour per worker. The results from this show that the cost of occupational health services at workplaces with their own managers used less than the cost of health care agencies, eventually the former gives better services with less cost than the latter. 4. Benefit/Cost ratio is also produced by total benefit/total cost. The result from the above way reads 4.57 as a whole, while their own manager having workplaces reads 4.82 and the agencies do l.56. Even if their own manager performing workplaces spent more cost, this system produces more benefit than the agencies management. 5. The B/C ratio for medical organization such as local clinic, health care center and pharmacy shows more than or equal to at the workplaces controlled by the agencies. It is inferred that benefit would be much less than the cost used, with so being inefficient. 6. It is assumed that the efficiency ratio of health education is equal to reduction rate of workers medical organization visit. Estimated reduction rate 5%, 10%, 15%, show that the efficiency ratio of health education have an effect on producing benefits. It is estimated that more benefit can be produced if more qualitative education will be provided for enhancing health care efficiency. 7. Results of this study cannot be generalized because there are large scale of deviation in case of workplaces with less than 300 full time workers, but B/C ratio reads 2.69 as a whole and 3.25 at workplaces with their own health care manager are higher than 1.63 at the workplaces manged by the agencies. Finally, all the benefit concerning health care services could not be quantified, measured and shown on the value of money. This is a reason that a considerable part of benefits are so underestimated. This is also thought that measurement tools should be developed for measuring benefits of health care services with a comprehensive quantification. in the future. It is also expected that efficiency of occupational health care services should be investigated using cost-effectiveness analysis.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2010

유해대기오염물질인 중금속의 배출은 그 위해성으로 인해 엄격한 법적 규제를 하는 등 지대한 관심이 기우려지고 있다. 무연탄을 사용하는 상용 화력발전시설로부터 배출되는 중금속의 농도 및 배출특성에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 대상 발전시설은 순환 유동층 연소로, 싸이클론, 보일러, 전기집진기 설비로 구성되었고 가스상 수은을 포함한 주요 중금속의 농도를 측정하기 위해 분진과 가스상 시료를 전기집진기(ESP) 전단과 연돌에서 측정하였다. 총 먼지량(TPM), PM-10, PM-2.5와 같은 입자상 물질의 배출량은 ESP 전단에서 각각 23,274, 9,555, $7,790mg/Sm^3$로 매우 높았으며, 이는 예측했던 바와 같이 미분탄 화력발전소보다 높은 수치였다. 그러나 ESP에 의한 먼지의 제거효율이 높기 때문에 연돌에서의 총 먼지량은 $0.16mg/Sm^3$ 정도였다. 마찬가지로 중금속 배출량 또한 ESP에서 높은 제거효율을 보였다. 입도분포와 입경 범위 별 중금속 농축 정도에 대한 데이터를 살펴볼 때 일부 금속의 농도는 작은 입경 범위에서 더 농축된 것을 보여 입자의 크기와 상관관계를 지어 볼 수 있었다. 수은의 경우 다른 금속들과 다르게 높은 휘발성 때문에 대부분이 가스 상태로 배출되며 그로 인하여 수은의 제거효율은 68% 정도로 다른 중금속들에 대한 제거효율보다 낮았다. ESP를 지나면서 수은 화학종이 원소수은에서 산화수은으로 변하는 것이 확인되었으며, 그로 인하여 습식세정탑이 설비된 다른 석탄 화력발전소에서는 원소 수은이 지배적인 데 반해 본 시설의 경우 연돌에서 총 수은의 절반 정도만 원소수은이었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2003

수소 육성과 비육단계에서 필요로 하는 유지에너지 요구량을 구하기 위해 체중 100kg에서 400kg까지 100kg 증체 간격(100, 200, 300, 400 kg)으로 각 9두를 이용한 3처리(에너지 급여수준) 3반복의 에너지 균형 시험을 수행하였다. 에너지 급여수준은 대사에너지(Metabolizable energy; ME)로 1) 유지에너지 수준(Maintenance, 1.0M), 2) 유지에너지의 1.5배(1.5M), 3) 유지에너지의 2배(2.0M)을 섭취 할 수 있도록 1일 사료급여량을 정하였고, 조사료와 농후사료의 비율은 40:60을 유지하였다. 이와 같은 시험 설계를 기초로 각 체중별로 국내에서 주로 이용되는 볏짚(실험 I), 목건초(실험 II), 옥수수 사일리지(실험 III)의 조사료가 다른 조건에서의 유지에너지 요구량을 구하였다. 체중별 MEm은 체중 100kg시 99.80 kcal/ MBS로 가장 높았던 반면 체중 200kg시 가장낮아 94.48 kcal/$W^{0.75}$였고, Kg의 경우 0.36-0.57의 범위에 있었다. 체중별 성적을 종합 분석한 결과, 유지를 위한 대사에너지(MEm)는 95.80kcal, 증체를 위한 대사에너지 이용효율(Kg)은 0.44로 평가되어졌다.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

센서 네트워크는 향후 유비쿼터스 환경 서비스 구현을 위한 기본 인프라와 서비스 영역 정보수집 및 기기제어 등에 중요한 역할을 담당할 것으로 예상되며, 최근 센서 네트워크 기반 시스템에서의 에너지의 효율적 공급 방안에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 계층적 구조 클러스터 기반 센서 네트워크에서 네트워크 생명주기를 최대로 유지하면서 클러스터 헤드에 공급되는 에너지를 최소화하는 센서 네트워크 에너지 공급 문제를 구성한다. 이 문제에 대한 해를 수학적으로 구하고 이를 기반으로 각 클러스터 헤드에 공급하는 에너지양을 결정하는 기법을 제안한다. 또한 모의실험을 통해 제안된 방식이 단순히 클러스터 헤드마다 최대 공급가능 에너지를 제공하는 것에 비해 주어진 실험 조건에서 최소 33% 이상의 에너지 절감 효과가 있음을 보였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2016

Two identical Particle Into Liquid Samplers-Total Organic Carbon (PILS-TOC) were operated to measure fine particle Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) for one week on Feb. in 2016. The dual instrument operations provided validated WSOC concentrations to have a continuous WSOC measurement during the sample analysis period. Both PILS-TOC instruments were operated downstream of an carbon denuder to remove positive adsorption artifacts associated with semi-volatile organic compounds. Comparison of WSOC showed good agreement each other. The linear regression had a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.92 and a regression slope of 1.01 for the first period. The lower collection efficiency due to lower steam temperature is discussed. In addition, the potential primary source related to WSOC based on the comparison of black carbon (BC) concentrations is explained. The results of good agreement between two PILS-TOC measurements can provide the validation of WSOC cooperations and knowledge regarding the origins of WSOC and their behaviors.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2020

본 논문은 심리운동프로그램이 보육교사의 자아탄력성과 보육효능감에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구의 대상자는 서울시 J구의 8개 어린이집의 보육교사로서 최종 대상자는 실험군 18명, 대조군 19명 이었다. 중재프로그램으로 1회 4시간, 주 2회, 총 10회, 총 40시간의 심리운동프로그램을 보육교사에게 제공하였다. 자료수집은 2017년 9월 2일부터 11월 12일 사이에 이루어졌으며 수집된 자료는 독립표본 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 심리운동프로그램이 보육교사의 자아탄력성과 하위요인인 대인관계 효율성 향상에 유의한 효과가 있음을 보여주었으며 이를 통해 보육교사의 자아탄력성 관리와 지원을 위한 기초근거를 마련의 가치가 있었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 보육교사의 직무에서의 적응과 대처능력 향상에 도움이 될 수 있는 방안을 제시하였으므로 그의미와 가치가 있다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.521-526
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• 1993

Two percent of monocalcuim phosphate (MCP) was added to control diet consisted of fish meal (18%), soybean meal (36%) and wheat flour (37%) in order to examine the effects on phosphorus (P) discharge and growth of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Growth trial, during which digestibility measurements were made over 7 days, was conducted for 4 weeks using a recirculated rearing system with a settling column for feces collection. Fishes (initial body weight of about 200 g) were fed five times a day upto satiation with tank controlled at $24-26^{\circ}C$. Fishes fed the diet containing 2% MCP (MCP-2) showed about two-fold improvement on both growth rate and feed utilization, compared to those of fishes fed the control diet; weight gain (129 g vs 62 g), feed conversion ratio (1.20 vs 2.46), protein efficiency ratio (2.09 vs 1.07) and daily growth index (3.70 vs 1.93). However, feed intakes were maintained at the same level (150 g/fish) between the two treatments. Dry matter digestibilities of two diets were relatively low, which were 58 and 60% for respective control and MCP-2 diets due to low digestibility of total carbohydrates. However, the digestibilities of both dietary protein (85%) and lipid (90%) of diets were relatively high. While all the P fed were observed to be discharged from fish fed control diet, the discharge from fish fed the MCP-2 diet was decreased up to less than the half (34.9 g/kg wt. gain) of the control. These present results revealed that the supplementation of dietary P requirement by MCP can not only promote growth performances but also reduce the level of P loading to water which is the primary water pollution indicator.

• Plant Resources
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2003

Molecular markers are useful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and determining cultivar identity. Present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity within a diverse collection of rice accessions used for Korean breeding programs. Two hundred eighty-seven rice cultivars, composed of temperate japonica, tropical japonica, indica, and Tongil-type of Korean crossing parents were evaluated by means of 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 99 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per marker ranged from 4 to 11, with an average of 6.6 per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) for each of the SSR markers ranged from 0.2924 to 0.8102 with an average of 0.5785. These results, with the result that use of only 15 SSR markers made all rice cultivars examined could be uniquely distinguished, imply the efficiency of SSR markers for analysis of genetic diversity in rice. Cluster analysis was performed on similar coefficient matrics calculated from SSR markers to generate a dendogram in which two major groups corresponding to japonica (Group I) and indica and Tongil type rice (group II) with additional subclasses within both major groups. The narrowness of the Korean breeding germplasm was revealed by the fact that most of the Korean-bred and Japan-bred temperate japonica cultivars were concentrated into only 2 of the sub-group I-1 (143 cultivars) and I-2 (58 cultivars) among six sub-groups in major group of japonica. This is because of the japonica accessions used in this study was a very closely related ones because of frequent sharing of the crossing parents with similar genetic background with synergy effect of the inherited genetic difference between indica and japonica. A rice breeding strategy with the use of molecular markers was discussed for overcoming of genetic vulnerability owing to this genetic narrowness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7847-7852
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• 2015

Purpose: Research carried out with gynecologic cancer patients using CAM was reviewed to provide a source for discussing which CAM method is used for which purpose, patients' perceptions on the effects/side effects occurred during/after using CAM and their sources of information regarding CAM. Materials and Methods: This literature review was carried out for the period between January 2000 and March 2015 using Scopus, Dynamed, Med-Line, Science Dırect, Ulakbim, Research Starters, Ebscohost, Cinahl Complete, Academic Onefile, Directory of Open Access Journals, BMJ Online Journals (2007-2009), Ovid, Oxford Journal, Proquest Hospital Collection, Springer-Kluwer Link, Taylor & Francis, Up To Date, Web Of Science (Citation Index), Wiley Cochrane-Evidence Base, Wiley Online Library, and Pub-Med search databases with "complementary and alternative medicine, gynecologic cancer" as keywords. After searching through these results, a total of 12 full length papers in English were included. Results: CAM use in gynecologic cancer patients was discussed in 8 studies and CAM use in breast and gynecologic cancer patients in 4. It was determined that the frequency of CAM use varies between 40.3% and 94.7%. As the CAM method, herbal medicines, vitamins/minerals were used most frequently in 8 of the studies. When the reasons why gynecologic cancer patients use CAM are examined, it is determined that they generally use to strengthen the immune system, reduce the side effects of cancer treatment and for physical and psychological relaxation. In this review, most of the gynecologic cancer patients perceived use of CAM as beneficial. Conclusions: In order that the patients obtain adequate reliable information about CAM and avoid practices which may harm the efficiency of medical treatment, it is recommended that "Healthcare Professionals" develop a common language.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.457-462
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• 2012

Daylighting software is an important component to predict the performance of daylighting system in advance of a field demonstration study with installing them in buildings. PHOTOPIA is a powerful software to generate a candela distribution curve(CDC) of an active daylighting system like a tracking dish concentrator. With PHOTOPIA, a set of candela distribution curves was generated under clear sky conditions and different solar altitude angles. The candela distribution curves were then imported to RADIANCE for rendering and analysis on the daylighting performance of a tracking dish concentrator when it installed in a actual class room without windows. As a result, the daylight collection efficiency of the dish concentrator was 68.4% when we assumed that there was no tracking error. It was found that candela(cd) and total lumens(lm) increased with solar altitude rising, whereas the distribution angle was fixed. The illuminance uniformity on the work plane in the class room was relatively low, 0.12, while the illuminance uniformity on the area of $2.7m^2$ to which the light was illuminated was considerably high, 0.60. The maximum illuminance was 1,340lux with a solar altitude angle of 80 degrees.