• 약학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 1992

After rats were exposed to 5,000 ppm carbon monoxide for 30 minutes, the amounts of catecholamine neurotransmitters in stratum were measured using high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with electrochemical detector. The concentration of dopamine in stratum was significantly decreased after carbon monoxide intoxification, but those of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, norepinephrine, and epinephrine was not changed. However the pretreatments of Ginseng total saponin and panaxatriol saponin increased the concentrations of dopamine and its acidic metabolites (DOPAC and HVA). Ginseng total saponin also increased the concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Similar results were obtained from aged rats.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1997

In order to investigate the behavior of particulate carbon and benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P) in the ambient air, suspended particle matters were collected from April, 1990 to February, 1992, and total carbon(TC), organic carbon(OC), elemental carbon(EC) and B(a)P were measured by an elemental analyzer and a HPLC. The results were as follows the average concentration of TC was 38.6 $\mug/m^3$ and its concentration was higher in winter(45.4 $\mug/m^3$) and fa11(44.3 $\mug/m^3$) than in summer(36.8 $\mug/m^3$) and spring(28.9 $\mug/m^3$). The monthly concentration trends both of EC and OC was similar, but seasonal variation of EC concentrations was larger than that of OC. The average concentration of B (a)P was 2.2 ng/m$^3$, and was higher in winter(4.1 ng/m$^3$) and fall(3.2 ng/m$^3$) than in spring(1.2 ng/m$^3$) and summer(0.6 ng/m$^3$). The seasonal behavior of carbon and B(a)P was to similar except for summer. The correlation coefficient(r) between EC and B(a)P was 0.71, and the correlation coefficient(r) between OC and B(a)P was 0.66.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

Background and objective: Urban street trees play an important role in carbon reduction in cities where greenspace is scarce. There are ongoing studies on carbon reduction by street trees. However, information on the carbon reduction capacity of street trees based on field surveys is still limited. This study aimed to quantify carbon uptake and storage by urban street trees and suggest a method to improve planting of trees in order to increase their carbon reduction capacity. Methods: The cities selected were Sejong, Chungju, and Jeonju among cities without research on carbon reduction, considering the regional distribution in Korea. In the cities, 155 sample sites were selected using systematic sampling to conduct a field survey on street environments and planting structures. The surveyed data included tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at root collar (DRC), height, crown width, and vertical structures. The carbon uptake and storage per tree were calculated using the quantification models developed for the urban trees of each species. Results: The average carbon uptake and storage of street trees were approximately 7.2 ± 0.6 kg/tree/yr and 87.1 ± 10.2 kg/tree, respectively. The key factors determining carbon uptake and storage were tree size, vertical structure, the composition of tree species, and growth conditions. The annual total carbon uptake and storage were approximately 1,135.8 tons and 22,737.8 tons, respectively. The total carbon uptake was about the same amount as carbon emitted by 2,272 vehicles a year. Conclusion: This study has significance in providing the basic unit to quantify carbon uptake and storage of street trees based on field surveys. To improve the carbon reduction capacity of street trees, it is necessary to consider planning strategies such as securing and extending available grounds and spaces for high-density street trees with a multi-layered structure.

• Carbon letters
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2006

Activated carbon fiber could be prepared at 973 K by catalytic activation using potassium hydroxide. Phenol resin fiber (Kynol) was impregnated with potassium hydroxide ethanol solution, carbonized and activated at 973 K, resulting in activated carbon fibers with different porosities. The potassium hydroxide accelerated the activation of the fiber catalytically to form narrow micropore preferentially in carbon dioxide atmosphere. The narrow micropore volume of 0.3~0.4 cc/g, total pore volume of 0.3~0.8 cc/g, mean pore width of 0.5~0.7 nm was obtained in the range of 20~50% burnoff.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

This study was carried out in degraded and non-degraded community forests (CF) in the Terai region of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A total of 63 concentric sample plots each of 500 ㎡ was laid in the inventory for estimating above and below-ground biomass of forests by using systematic random sampling with a sampling intensity of 0.5%. Mallotus philippinensis and Shorea robusta were the most dominant species in degraded and non-degraded CF accounting Importance Value Index (I.V.I) of 97.16 and 178.49, respectively. Above-ground tree biomass carbon in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 74.64±16.34 t ha^-1 and 163.12±20.23 t ha^-1, respectively. Soil carbon sequestration in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 42.55±3.10 t ha^-1 and 54.21±3.59 t ha^-1, respectively. Hence, the estimated total carbon stock was 152.68±22.95 t ha^-1 and 301.08±27.07 t ha^-1 in degraded and non-degraded community forests, respectively. It was found that the carbon sequestration in the non-degraded community forest was 1.97 times higher than in the degraded community forest. CO₂ equivalent in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 553 t ha^-1 and 1105 t ha^-1, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between degraded and non-degraded community forests in terms of its total biomass and carbon sequestration potential (p<0.05). Studies indicate that the community forest has huge potential and can reward economic benefits from carbon trading to benefit from the REDD⁺/CDM mechanism by promoting the sustainable conservation of community forests.

• 멤브레인
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

전도성 활성탄소와 폴리비닐리덴플로라이드(PVDF)를 이용하여 제조된 탄소막을 이용하여 폐수의 Total dissolved Solid (TDS)를 제거할 수 있는 탄소막 시스템을 제조하였다. 100 ppm의 NaCl, $Na_2SO_4,\;MgCl_2,\;MgSO_4$수용액을 이용하여 탄소막의 기본 특성을 알아보았으며, (주)경인양행의 실제폐수인 염료폐수로부터 TDS를 제거하는 실험을 위하여 가로 ${\times}$ 세로가 각각 20cm인 탄소막 240장으로 구성된 Pilot 규모의 탄소막 시스템을 구성하였다. 원폐수를 초순수로 적절히 희석하여 제조된 6가지의 TDS (941, 2050, 2810, 3830, 4960, 6030 ppm)를 지닌 실제폐수를 이용하여 제조된 Pilot규모의 탄소막 시스템의 TDS 제거성능을 알아보았으며, 여러 운전조건에 따른 탄소막 시스템의 분리특성을 알아보았다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.891-897
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• 2021

There is a need for a technology that can quickly and accurately analyze soil carbon contents. Existing soil carbon analysis methods are cumbersome in terms of professional manpower requirements, time, and cost. It is against this background that the present study leverages the soil physical properties of color and water content levels to develop a model capable of predicting the carbon content of soil sample. To predict the total carbon content of soil, the RGB values, water content of the soil, and lux levels were analyzed and used as statistical data. However, when R, G, and B with high correlations were all included in a multiple regression analysis as independent variables, a high level of multicollinearity was noted and G was thus excluded from the model. The estimates showed that the estimation coefficients for all independent variables were statistically significant at a significance level of 1%. The elastic values of R and B for the soil carbon content, which are of major interest in this study, were -2.90 and 1.47, respectively, showing that a 1% increase in the R value was correlated with a 2.90% decrease in the carbon content, whereas a 1% increase in the B value tallied with a 1.47% increase in the carbon content. Coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) methods were used for regression verification, and calibration samples showed higher accuracy than the validation samples in terms of R² and MAPE.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2006

해양의 퇴적물내 함유된 총탄소와 유기탄소의 정확한 정량적 이해는 저서환경해석을 위한 기본적인 자료이다. 원소분석기(CHN Analyzer)는 정량적인 탄소분석을 위해 개발되었고 현재 퇴적물내의 탄소성분 분석에 가장 흔히 사용되고 있는 기기이다. 원소분석기의 정확도와 정밀도는 Acetanilide($C_8H_9NO$), Sulfanilammide($C_6H_8N_2O_2S$)와 표준하구 퇴적물인 BCSS-1를 이용하여 점검하였다. 이러한 분석결과, 원소분석기는 탄소 및 질소 분석 시 오차백분율이 3.28% 이하의 높은 정밀도를 가지고 있으며 상대표준편차가 1.26% 이하의 높은 정확도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 무기탄소분석에 많이 이용되는 탄소분석기(Coulometeric Carbon Analyzer)와 원소분석기 사이의 탄소분석 비교에서 다양한 퇴적물내에서 측정된 총탄소량 사이에 높은 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다($R^2=0.9993$, n=84). 두 기기로부터 얻어진 값은 서로 중요한 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다(paired t-test, p=0.0003). 이러한 두 기기 사이의 높은 상관관계는 유기탄소 분석 비교 실험에서도 유사하게 나타났다($R^2=0.8867$, n=84, p<0.0001; paired t-test, p=0.0006). 탄산염 연니 같은 무기 탄소량이 높은 퇴적물 분석시 오차가 크게 나타날 가능성도 있지만, 일반적인 해양퇴적물의 유기탄소 분석 시에는 원소분석기를 이용하여 정확한 값을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 얻어진 유기탄소분석 방법은 일반적인 퇴적물의 유기탄소분석에 적용될 수 있으며, 분석 소요시간의 단축과 높은 정밀도 및 정확도로 반복적인 유기탄소분석에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2015

The carbon cycle came into the spotlight due to the climate change and forests are well-known for their capacity to store carbon amongst other terrestrial ecosystems. The annual organic carbon of litter production, forest floor litter layer, soil, aboveground and belowground part of plant, standing biomass, net primary production, uptake of organic carbon, soil respiration, etc. were measured in Mt. Worak in order to understand the production and carbon budget of Quercus serrata forest that are widely spread in the central and southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The total amount of organic carbon of Q. serrata forest during the study period (2010-2013) was 130.745 ton C ha^-1. The aboveground part of plant, belowground part of plant, forest floor litter layer, and organic carbon in soil was 50.041, 12.510, 4.075, and 64.119 ton C ha^-1, respectively. The total average of carbon fixation in plants from photosynthesis was 4.935 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1 and organic carbon released from soil respiration to microbial respiration was 3.972 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. As a result, the net ecosystem production of Q. serrata forest estimated from carbon fixation and soil respiration was 0.963 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. Therefore, it seems that Q. serrata forest can act as a sink that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon uptake of Q. serrata forest was highest in stem of the plant and the research site had young forest which had many trees with small diameter at breast height (DBH). Consequentially, it seems that active matter production and vigorous carbon dioxide assimilation occurred in Q. serrata forest and these results have proven to be effective for Q. serrata forest to play a role as carbon storage and NEP.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.463-464
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• 2012