• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2012

Analysis of the various constituents and determination of biological activities in the different parts (root, stem, and leaf) of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum were carried out. Potassium and calcium were detected in higher contents (mg/100 g fresh wt.) than other minerals. The total phenolic content (mg tannic acid eq./100 g dry wt.) decreased in the order of leaves ($792.7{\pm}16.6$) > stems ($160.3{\pm}6.8$) > roots ($101.5{\pm}2.7$), and the total flavonoid content (mg quercetin eq./100 g dry wt.) was as follows: leaves ($497.9{\pm}11.1$), roots ($35.7{\pm}0.4$), stems ($18.5{\pm}1.4$). DPPH radical-scavenging activity and inhibition activity against the formation of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide in rat blood plasma was higher in the leaves than in roots and stems. Extracts of A. victorialis separated by parts displayed antimicrobial activity against Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, of which the strongest activity was against C. perfringens.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.153-157
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacities of Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum commercial tea products. The physicochemical characteristics included pH, Hunter's color values, soluble solid contents, evaporation residues, and ${\beta}$-glucan contents. The antioxidant capacities were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). The pH, soluble solid contents, evaporation residues, and ${\beta}$-glucan contents were in the range of 4.43-7.05, $0.40-0.73^{\circ}Brix$, 62.04-258.84 mg/100 g, and 15.51-62.32 mg%, respectively. Hunter's color values (L, a, and b) indicated 41.76-55.02, -0.49-5.06, and 17.41-28.32, respectively. The antioxidant capacities showed $32.63-367.81{\mu}M$ GAE (DPPH radical scavenging activities), $321.86-1,035.19{\mu}M$ TE (FRAP), $703.50-1,091.83{\mu}M$ (ABTS radical scavenging activities), $286.56-916.00{\mu}M$ (TPC), and $85.33-635.33{\mu}M$ (TFC). Overall, P. linteus liquid tea 2 (PL2) and G. lucidum liquid tea 1 (GL1) showed high antioxidant capacities (p<0.05). The TPC and TFC were highly correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activities, FRAP, and ABTS radical scavenging activities (r=0.7298-0.9743), but the ${\beta}$-glucan contents were not correlated well with antioxidant activities tested (r=0.3146-0.6663).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.53 no.spc
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2008

The effect of rice bran (RB) applied alone or in combination with chemical fertilizer at different application rate on the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of rice was investigated. The treatments were 3 levels of RB namely: 200% RB (500 kg $10a^{-1}$), 100% RB (250 kg $10a^{-1}$), 50% RB (125 kg $10a^{-1}$), Recommended fertilizer dose (RF: $N-{P_2}{O_5}{K_2}O$, 11-5.5-4.8 kg $10a^{-1}$) combined with each RB, Half-recommended fertilizer dose (HRF: $N-{P_2}{O_5}{K_2}O$, 5.5-2.75-2.4 kg $10a^{-1}$) combined with each RB, RF and HRF applied at 1, 5, 10 days before rice transplanting (DBT). The parameters investigated were antioxidant, phytosterol and fatty acid contents. Results showed that the antioxidant property and phytosterol contents were high at 10 DBT HRF plus RB, 5 DBT RF plus RB, and 1 DBT 100 and 200% RB. However, total polyphenols increased from 10 to 1 DBT. In the case of fatty acids, no general trend was observed between treatments at different application times. Linoleic acid was high at 10 DBT HRF plus RB while linolenic acid was not affected at different application times. Palmitoeic and oleic acids were not also affected at 5 and 10 DBT. Saturated fatty acids were not also affected by any treatment at different application times except for palmitic acid.Most parameters obtained higher values at 100 and 200% RB treatments in 1 DBT.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2015

We analyzed the effects of various LED light treatments (red 655 nm, blue 456 nm, white and mixed light) on growth pattern, gene expression and flavonoid contents in lettuce leaf. Plants treated with mixed light (red+blue+white) showed better growth performance than those treated with single LED and fluorescent lamp (FL). Expression analysis of the eight genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants treated with LED light was examined. Results showed that red lettuce grown under mixed light showed high expression levels of LsC4H, LsF3H and LsDRF genes. Morever, the same treatment plants possessed higher content of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin contents than those in plants exposed to single light. However, the highest total anthocyanin content was identified in plants treated with red+blue light and the lowest content was identified in plants exposed to white fluorescent lamp and single LED light condition. Thus, this study indicates that the ratio of blue to red LEDs is important for the morphology, growth, and phenolic compounds with anthocyanin properties in the two lettuce cultivars tested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.10
• /
• pp.1356-1362
• /
• 2012

UV-VIS spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC-DAD) methods were applied in order to identify and quantify the composition of polyphenols in commercial cocoa-containing products. Total polyphenolic contents of cocoa mix, choco-syrup, milk chocolate, and dark chocolate were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent according to a UV-VIS spectrometric method. Antioxidant capacities of cocoa extracts by methanol were evaluated by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The obtained results show that the polyphenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of cocoa products and chocolates depend on solid cocoa content. Among the tested cocoa products and chocolates, the most abundant phenolic compound was epicatechin.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.923-930
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of the steamed rice cakes added with powder and extract of Schisandra chinensis (SC). Steamed rice cakes were prepared by adding SC using 1% hot-air dried SC powder (DP), hot-air dried SC extract (DE), freeze dried SC powder (FP) and, frozen SC extract (FE). After packaging with nylon/polyethylene films, the cakes were stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The FE-treated steamed rice cake had the lowest pH value. The $L^*$ value of the control cakes was highest immediately after processing and decreased during storage. The $a^*$ values of FP- and FE-treated steamed rice cakes were higher than those of DP- and DE-treated cakes. The $b^*$ values of DP- and DE-treated steamed rice cakes were higher than those of FP- and FE-treated cakes. Total phenolic contents of DP and DE were lower than those of FP and FE. Anthocyanin contents of DP- and DE-treated steamed rice cakes were lower than those of FP- and FE-treated cakes. Schisandrin contents of DP- and FP-treated steamed rice cakes were lower than those of DE- and FE-treated cakes. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assays revealed that DP and DE had lower antioxidant powers than those of FP and FE. The results of this study indicate that, among the treatments methods used, the steamed rice cake treated with FE had the highest functional component and antioxidant activity levels.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.10
• /
• pp.1136-1143
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities of an aqueous extract of Angelica gigas (Ag) fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). First, the soluble solids of the F/3 group, in which the Ag was fermented by Sc for 3 days, decreased from $1^{\circ}Bx$ to $0.9^{\circ}Bx$. On the other hand, the pH increased with the number of days of fermentation. The result of a TLC experiment confirmed that it gradually decomposed into a low-molecular weight sugar form upon fermentation. The total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were higher in the fermented group than in the non-fermented group. K and Ca contents were increased by fermentation in the following order: F/3, NF, and F/0 groups. Decursin and decursinol angelate contents were highest in the F/3 group. The DPPH (${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}{\prime}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the NF, F/0, and F/3 groups were 41.89%, 39.51%, and 60.26%, respectively. The inhibition activities of tyrosinase and lipoxygenase were stronger in the F/3 group than in the NF group. This experiment showed that the fermentation of Ag Nakai can lead to an increase in its antioxidant ability, physiological activity, whitening and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, this oriental herbal medicine can be developed into a functional material that can be utilized in the development of cosmetic products in future.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.578-582
• /
• 2007

The primary objective of this study was to assess the in vitro melanogenesis inhibitory effects of methanolic extracts of the edible and medicinal lichens, Umbilicaria (Gyrophora) esculenta and Usnea longissima. The quantities of the total phenolic compounds of methanolic extract of the two lichen extracts were determined to be 1.46% and 2.62%, respectively. In order to evaluate the antioxidative effects of the extracts, we also measured electron donating abilities (EDA) and lipid peroxidation rates. The EDA values measured by the reduction of 1.1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were 72.8% and 80.7% for the extracts, with $SC_{50}$ (median scavenging concentration) values of $1.29{\pm}0.05\;mg/ml$ and $1.03{\pm}0.06\;mg/ml$, respectively. The rates of inhibition of lipid peroxidation using linoleic acid were 92.1% and 97.3% for the extracts, with $IC_{50}$ (median inhibitory concentration) values of $0.57{\pm}0.05\;mg/ml$ and $0.53{\pm}0.06\;mg/ml$, respectively. The inhibitory rates of the extracts against tyrosinase were 67.4% and 84.8%, respectively. The extracts were shown to reduce melanin formation in human melanoma cells. Melanin contents in the samples treated with 0.01% and 0.1% U. esculenta were 47.1% and 31.2%, respectively, and those treated with 0.01% and 0.1% Usnea longissima were 51.1% and 34.9%, respectively, whereas a value of 54.0% was registered when ascorbic acid was utilized as a positive control. In addition to direct tyrosinase inhibition, it was determined that the lichen extracts affected the activity of tyrosinase via the inhibition of tyrosinase glycosylation. As a result, the methanolic extracts of U. esculenta and Usnea longissima evidenced melanogenesis inhibitory effects, which occurred via multiple routes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.62 no.5
• /
• pp.730-740
• /
• 2020

This feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of Mentha arvensis (MA) and Geranium thunbergii (GT) in drinking water on physicochemical attributes, sensory qualities, proximate analysis and oxidative stability of broiler leg meat. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 5 weeks. The dietary treatments were 1) control, 2) T1 (0.1% 1 MA:1 GT), 3) T2 (0.1% 1 MA:4 GT), 4) T3 (0.1% 4 MA: 1 GT). The water holding capacity and cooking loss were improved (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3. The flavor, texture and acceptability of leg meat by consumers were significantly increased in T2 relative to the control (p < 0.05). The crude protein content was increased in T3 while the crude fat decreased in T2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, broilers supplemented with plant extracts had the lowest leg meat TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values after 2 weeks of storage as compared with the control. Total phenolic contents and 1-1-diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity were also better in the T2 group (p < 0.05) compared with the control, whereas 2,2-Azinobis-3 ethytlbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS⁺) remained unaffected. Overall, these results demonstrate that broiler drinking water with the inclusion of plant extract combination can be used to enhance the oxidative stability, shelf life and quality characteristics of broiler leg meat without compromising the growth performance.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.55-73
• /
• 2020

Poultry meat is generally exposed to quality deterioration due to lipid oxidation during storage. Oxidative stability of meat can be increased by feed supplementation. Aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fish waste derived bioactive peptides on antioxidant potential of broiler breast meat and physico-chemical characteristics and quality parameters of nuggets prepared from breast meat. 180 broiler birds (six groups of 30 birds) were purchased. Each group was given different concentrations of bioactive peptides i.e. 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg feed. After completion of six weeks birds were slaughtered and breast meat was stored at -18℃ for six months. Nuggets were prepared and stored at -18℃ for 45 days. Meat samples were analyzed for antioxidant activity [total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH^· scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power] and lipid oxidation assay at regular intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months while nuggets were analyzed for quality (pH, color, texture and water holding capacity) parameters after regular interval of 15 days. A significant (p<0.05) effect of feed supplementation was observed on antioxidant status such as TPC, DPPH^· scavenging activity, and FRAP of broiler breast meat. Dietary interventions of bioactive peptides significantly (p<0.05) delayed lipid oxidation of breast meat than control. All the quality parameters were also significantly affected due to dietary bioactive peptides and storage duration. Thus, dietary interventions of bioactive peptides can increase the antioxidant and shelf stability of broiler breast meat and nuggets.