• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2023

In this study, an analysis was conducted to analyze the structural stability of the piezoelectric power generation module and to determine the optimal burying hole interval for concrete, the installation site of the power generation module. A piezoelectric element refers to a functional ceramic having a piezoelectric direct effect that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and a piezoelectric reverse effect. In the analysis of the piezoelectric power generation module, the load condition was applied with about 16 tons and a total of 10 wheels in consideration of the container trailer. The purpose was to evaluate the stability of major components of the piezoelectric power generation module through finite element analysis. In order to determine the optimal burying location of the concrete ground for burying the piezoelectric power generation module, the stability of the ground structure according to the distance of the holes was determined. As a result of the analysis, the maximum stress of the piezoelectric power generation module was generated in the support spring, showing a stress of about 276.7 MPa. It was found that the spacing of holes for embedding the piezoelectric power generation module should be set to a minimum of 100 mm or more.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권3호
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• pp.399-415
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• 2023

This paper presents the experimental and numerical evaluations on the circular SFRC columns reinforced GFRP rebars under the axial compressive loading. The test programs were designed to inquire and compare the effects of different parameters on the columns' structural behavior by performing experiments and finite element modeling. The research variables were conventional concrete (CC), fiber concrete (FC), types of longitudinal steel/GFRP rebars, and different configurations of lateral rebars. A total of 16 specimens were manufactured and categorized into four groups based on different rebar-concrete arrangements including GRCC, GRFC, SRCC, and SRFC. Adding steel fibers (SFs) into the concrete, it was essential to modify the concrete damage plastic (CDP) model for FC columns presented in the finite element method (FEM) using ABAQUS 6.14 software. Failure modes of the columns were similar and results of peak loads and corresponding deflections of compression columns showed a suitable agreement in tests and numerical analysis. The behavior of GFRP-RC and steel-RC columns was relatively linear in the pre-peak branch, up to 80-85% of their ultimate axial compressive loads. The axial compressive loads of GRCC and GRFC columns were averagely 80.5% and 83.6% of axial compressive loads of SRCC and SRFC columns. Also, DIs of GRCC and GRFC columns were 7.4% and 12.9% higher than those of SRCC and SRFC columns. Partially, using SFs compensated up to 3.1%, the reduction of the compressive strength of the GFRP-RC columns as compared with the steel-RC columns. The effective parameters on increasing the DIs of columns were higher volumetric ratios (up to 12%), using SFs into concrete (up to 6.6%), and spiral (up to 5.5%). The results depicted that GFRP-RC columns had higher DIs and lower peak loads compared with steel-RC columns.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.269-287
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• 2023

The WGJ420 fire-resistant weathering (FRW) steel is developed and manufactured with standard yield strength of 420 MPa at room temperature, which is expected to significantly enhance the performance of steel structures with excellent fire and corrosion resistances, strong seismic capacity, high strength and ductility, good resilience and robustness. In this paper, the mechanical properties of FRW steel plates and buckling behavior of columns are investigated through tests at elevated temperatures. The stress-strain curves, mechanical properties of FRW steel such as modulus of elasticity, proof strength, tensile strength, as well as corresponding reduction factors are obtained and discussed. The recommended constitutive model based on the Ramberg-Osgood relationship, as well as the relevant formulas for mechanical properties are proposed, which provide fundamental mechanical parameters and references. A total of 12 FRW steel welded I-section columns with different slenderness ratios and buckling load ratios are tested under standard fire to understand the global buckling behavior in-depth. The influences of boundary conditions on the buckling failure modes as well as the critical temperatures are also investigated. In addition, the temperature distributions at different sections/locations of the columns are obtained. It is found that the buckling deformation curve can be divided into four stages: initial expansion stage, stable stage, compression stage and failure stage. The fire test results concluded that the residual buckling capacities of FRW steel columns are substantially higher than the conventional steel columns at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the numerical results show good agreement with the fire test results in terms of the critical temperature and maximum axial elongation. Finally, the critical temperatures between the numerical results and various code/standard curves (GB 51249, Eurocode 3, AS 4100, BS 5950 and AISC) are compared and verified both in the buckling resistance domain and in the temperature domain. It is demonstrated that the FRW steel columns have sufficient safety redundancy for fire resistance when they are designed according to current codes or standards.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2023

To reduce the forming load due to the temperature drop, during the hot forging process, a reheating hot forging process design is required that to repeat heating and forging. However, if the critical strain required for recrystallization is not induced during forging and grain growth becomes dominant due to the reduction in dislocation density due to repeated heating, the mechanical properties may deteriorate. Therefore, in this study, Inconel 706 alloy was applied, and the grain refinement behavior was comparatively analyzed according to the number of reheating times and effective strain during reheating hot forging process. Reheating was carried out with a total compression rate of 40% up to 4 times. The Inconel 706 compression test specimens heated once showed finer grains as the effective strain increased due to the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon. However, as the number of heating increases, grain refinement was observed even in a low effective strain distribution of 0.43 due to static recrystallization during reheating. Moreover, grain growth occurs at a relatively low effective strain of 0.43 when the number of reheating is four or more. Therefore, it was effective to apply an effective strain of 0.43 or more during hot forging to Inconel 706 in order to induce crystallization through grain refinement and improve the properties of forged products. In addition, we could notice that up to three reheating times condition was appropriate to prevent grain growth and maintain fine grain size.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.473-483
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• 2023

This study was conducted to better understand the impact of marine fish farming by estimating mass balances of carbon and nitrogen. According to the results, 94.55% of carbon and 95.66% of nitrogen inputs were from the feed supplied in the farm. Of the total carbon emissions in the farm, 47.28% was due to fish respiration, which was subsequently released into seawater. Advection and diffusion in the farm contributed to 30.29% of the carbon released. In the case of nitrogen, 50.70% of the nitrogen released into the seawater was produced by fish excreta, and 31.37% was advected and diffused into the system. The sedimentary environment received 3.82% and 3.10% of the carbon and nitrogen released from the farm, respectively. The fish feed used for healthy growth contained 11.64% carbon and 9.17% nitrogen. Since the feed type was floating pellets, the load released into the sedimentary environment was relatively lower than that released into the marine environment. These findings suggest that the identification of an optimal fish feed that respects fish physiology and preserves a healthy ecology is critical for the future of aquaculture. Furthermore, ecosystem-based aquaculture systems that decrease environmental burden, while endeavoring to improve environmental health, are required.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.158-160
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• 2022

조직에서 이루어지는 반복적인 행정업무는 비효율적인 방법으로 진행되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 반복적인 작업을 자동화하기 위해 사용자의 접근성이 좋은 카카오톡 기반의 챗봇을 개발하고 실제 업무 환경에 사용했다. 그 결과 챗봇을 실제 운용하는 과정에서 여러 명이 동시에 접속할 때 서버가 다운되거나 응답이 되지 않는 문제를 확인했다. 이를 개선하기 위해 챗봇 서버에서 사용하는 프로그램의 언어를 변경하는 코드 고도화를 진행했으며, 데이터베이스 구조를 새로 설계하고 로드 밸런싱을 통해 서비스의 부하를 분산시키는 등 성능 향상을 위해 여러 방법을 시도했다. 각각의 방법이 얼마나 성능 개선에 영향을 주는지 확인하기 위해 초당 처리량, 평균 레이턴시 등의 지표를 통해 비교 후 챗봇을 실제 업무 환경에서 사용하면서 발생한 문제에 대한 개선방안을 제시했다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

H pile은 원형말뚝에 비해 항타에 의해 쉽게 관입이 되며, 높은 주면마찰력과 폐색효과를 나타내는 특징을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실내시험을 통한 화강풍화토 지반에 관입된 H형강 무리말뚝의 주면마찰력 분포특성을 관찰하는데 목적이 있다. 말뚝의 배열$(1{\times}2,\;1{\times}3,\;2{\times}2,\;2{\times}3,\;3{\times}3)$, 말뚝설치간격(2D, 4D, 6D)과 지반밀도(40%, 80%)에 따른 재하시험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 전체 재하중에 대한 주면마찰력의 분포비율은 $3{\times}3$ 무리말뚝의 경우 말뚝간격비가 증가할수록 조밀한 지반의 경우 $48{\sim}39%$, 느슨한 지반의 경우에는 $32{\sim}27%$로 각각 감소하였다 그리고 말뚝침하량에 따른 주면마찰력 분포비율은 느슨한 지반조건에서 $2{\times}2$무리말뚝의 경우 $58{\sim}33.2%$, $3{\times}3$무리말뚝의 경우 $65{\sim}38%$로 각각 감소되었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

컨퍼런스 참가자 수가 늘어남에 따라 성능이 저하되어 확장성의 제약이 있는 중앙 집중형 컨퍼런스 구조의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 복수개의 컨퍼런스 서버에 부하를 분담시키는 분산형 컨퍼런스 구조들이 최근 연구되고 있다. 이들 구조에서는 컨퍼런스 참가자 수가 증가함에 따라 동적으로 새로운 컨퍼런스 서버들이 컨퍼런스 환경에 추가된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 분산형 컨퍼런스 구조에 사용 할 수 있는 새로운 컨퍼런스 정보 데이터 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 새로운 컨퍼런스 정보 데이터 모델에서는 주 컨퍼런스 서버와 복수개의 부 컨퍼런스 서버들 사이에 컨퍼런스 운영에 필요한 컨퍼런스 정보를 교환할 수 있도록 하기 위한 여러 요소들이 추가되었고, 이를 이용한 컨퍼런스 정보 교환 절차가 제시되었다. 또 이 방식을 사용해 컨퍼런스 정보의 관리와 전체 컨퍼런스 참가자들에 대한 SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) 통지 기능도 컨퍼런스 서버들이 서로 분산 처리 할 수 있게 됨으로써 주 컨퍼런스 서버에 가해지는 부하를 더욱 줄일 수 있게 된다. 제안된 시스템의 성능은 실험을 통하여 분석하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

컨테이너 터미널의 중요한 운영 목표는 선박에 컨테이너를 싣고 내리는 안벽 크레인(QC: quay crane) 작업의 효율을 극대화하는 것이다. QC 작업 효율의 극대화를 위해서는 장치장과 QC 사이를 오가며 컨테이너를 운반하는 내부트럭(YT: yard tractor)의 운행 지연이 최소화되어야 하는데, 터미널 내부의 교통 정체가 이를 어렵게 하는 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 YT와 외부트럭이 혼재하여 다니는 터미널에서YT의 운영 데이터만을 기반으로 터미널 내부 교통 속도를 예측하는 모델을 학습하는 방안을 제안한다. 외부트럭에 대한 교통 데이터는 구할 수 없지만, 대신 YT 운영 데이터에는 가까운 미래의 YT 운행 경로에 관한 정보가 포함되어 있어서 교통 예측에 상당한 도움이 된다. 시뮬레이션 실험 결과 제안 방안으로 학습한 모델이 상당히 정확한 수준으로 교통 속도를 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2023

In this study, a method has been proposed for the static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of multi-storey buildings, which takes into account the contribution of axial deformations in vertical load-bearing elements, which are especially important in tall and narrow structures. Shear deformations on the shear walls were also taken into account in the study. The presented method takes into account the effects that are not considered in the fishbone and flexural-shear beam models developed in the literature. In the Fishbone model, only frame systems are modeled. In the flexural shear beam model developed for shear wall systems, shear deformations and axial deformations in the walls are neglected. Unlike the literature, with the model proposed in this study, both shear deformations in the walls and axial deformations in the columns and walls are taken into account. In the proposed model, multi-storey building is represented as a sandwich beam consisting of Timoshenko beams pieced together with a double-hinged beam. At each storey, the total moment capacities of the frame beams and the coupled beams in the coupled shear walls are represented as the equivalent shear capacity. On the other hand, The sums of individual columns and walls moment at the relevant floor level are represented as equivalent moment capacity at that floor level. At the end of the study, examples were solved to show the suitability of the proposed method in this study. The SAP2000 program is employed in analyses. In a conclusion, it is observed that among the solved examples, the proposed sandwich beam model gives good results. As can be seen from these results, it is seen that the presented method, especially in terms of base shear force, gives very close results to the detailed finite element method.