• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2013

We manufactured the sausages replaced part (8%) of the pork fat (20.8%) with pepper seed powder (1%) and pepper seed oil (7%). The treatment of pepper seed did not affect pH and microbial quality, but decreased TBARS and VBN of sausages. Although the addition of pepper seed hardly changed textural properties of sausages except for increasing cohesiveness, it enhanced sensory characteristics such as taste, appearance, and overall acceptability. As expected, significant reductions were observed in the content of calorie, total fat, saturated fat, and sodium by replacing pork fat with pepper seed oil and pepper seed powder in sausages. Therefore, pepper seed is good enough to improve the sensory and nutritional quality of sausages.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2001

This study was conducted to find out the effect of fermented milk on lowering of serum and liver cholesterol in high diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats of 200g initial average weight were assigned to four experimental group : (1) high fat diet + milk (2) high fat diet + bifidobacteria (3) high fat diet + microcapsulated bifidobacteria (4) high fat diet + fermented milk by bifidobacteria. Milk, bifidobacteria, microcapsulated bifidobacteria and fermented milk by bifidobacteria were given 2ml per day. According to the result, there was lowering effect of serum and liver total cholesterol in fermented milk feeding group, Serum LDL-cholesterol was also low tendency in fermented milk by bifidobacteria feeding group. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the material that caused hypocholesteremic effect was not the bifidobacteria itself in fermented milk but the metabolic material produced in the fermentation, and it inhibited cholesterol synthesis in liver.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary effects of chitosan mixture (CM), an herbal medicine mixture with Sukjihwang (HS), and CM containing HS (CHS) on obesity in an induced obese model of rats fed high-fat only (HF), in which supplemented diets of 5% CM (HCM), 5% HS (HHS), or 2.5% CM-2.5% HS (HCH) was tested for 6 weeks. Body weight gains, obesity indexes, and body fat contents in the experimental groups (HCM, HHS, HCH) were decreased compared with HF group. The levels of serum triglyceride, total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the experimental groups were markedly decreased, however HDL-cholesterol levels in the experimental groups were slightly increased compared with HF group. In addition, although serum ALT and AST activity, and relative organ weights were lower than those of HF group, serum albumin contents were not significantly different in all experimental groups including the normal control group (NC). In conclusion, there are improved effects on obesity in the obese model of animals with all experimental diets supplementations, and the improvement degrees on obesity depend on the content and compositions of the herbal medicine mixture. Further study is needed on the anti-obesity mechanism of these diets.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.554-559
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine changes in body composition and blood lipids and to analyze the effects of Danhak exercise for 3 months in older women. For this study, 35 female subjects 60 to 70 years of age were recruited and administered 90 min of Danhak exercise, five times per week for three months by a professional coach. The results of this study were as follows: At baseline, the mean BMI(body mass index) and body fat(%) were 23.9 kg/$(m)^2$ and 32.4$\pm$4.9(%), respectively. The mean WHR(waist-hip ratio) was 0.91$\pm$0.04 and all subjects were determined to be abdominally obese. A significantly lower body fat was observed after 3 months of Danhak exercise(p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in BMI, WHR or body weight before and after exercise. Danhak exercise also resulted in a decrease in total cholesterol and an increase in HDL(high density lipoprotein, and these differences were significant. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the effects of Danhak exercise were similar to those of aerobic exercise with respect to improve body fat(%) and blood lipid profiles, which suggests that Danhak is a profitable exercise for individuals aged 60 and over.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2000

Objectives : Chekamuiyiin-tang has effects of promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation, elimating phlegm and strengthening the body's resistance to disease. We experimented with Chekamuiyiin-tang in order to find effects which might possibly cure obesity. Methods : We fed a control group of rats a high fat diet and administered normal saline for 8 weeks. And we fed an experimental group of rats a high fat diet and administered an extract of Chekamuiyiin-tang for 8weeks. Results : The serum total cholesterol level, triglyceride level, free fatty acid level, total lipid level and phospholipid level in the Chekamuiyiin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control group. The serum HDL-cholesterol level in the Chekamuiyiin-tang group showed no change in comparison with the control group. The serum LDL-cholesterol level in the Chekamuiyiin-tang group showed a decrease in comparison with the control group, but this result showed no efficacy. The size of the epididymal fat cell and the fat drops area in the hepatic lobule of rats in the Chekamuiyiin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control group. Conclusios : According to the above results, Chekamuiyiin-tang has shown to be capable of curing and preventing obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1997

This study was nudertaken to investigate the major food sources of energy, frotin, fat, carbohydrate and crude fiber based on the data from the National Nutrition Survey in 1993. Results were summarized as followed : the most important source of energy was rice providing 52.9% of total energy intake. Instant noodle, pork, bread and beef were major sources of energy in order. Protein sources were rice, beef, pork, egg and pollack in order. And the primary sources of fat was pork and the rank next to pork were soybean oil in large city, instant noodle in small city and rice in rural. Rice contributed the most to total carbohydrate followed in order by instant noodle, bread, apple and kimchi. Crude fiber was impartially provided from various foods such as kimchi, red pepper powder, apple, red pepper and radish. Number of foods providing 90% of nutrient intake were 41 for energy, 43 for protein, 32 for fat, 19 for carbohydrate and 29 for crude fiber. Among region, mean amount of nutrients intake didn't show any significant differences(p>0.05). In conclusion, rice was found to be the most important sources of various nutrients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1993

To investigate the effects of exercise-training on serum lipids, fat distribution and several parameters of body fatness(percent body fat, skinfolds thickness, body circumference) were assessed in 24 healthy male subjects submitted to an 8-wk high intensive exercise-training. Blood sample was taken twice, per and post exercise-training, Exercise-training took place 5 days a week and daily energy intake and expenditure were observed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Through exercise-training body weight (changes : 1.1$\pm$1.1kg ; p=0.000) and percent body fat (changes : 2.4$\pm$1.3% ; p=0.000) decreased significantly . 2) Suprailiac was the most reduced site by exercise-training among eight site skinfolds. Central skinfolds were changed more by exercise-training than peripheral skinfolds with reduction of 1.7$\pm$1.7mm and 0.2$\pm$1.9mm. Central site circumferences were reduced more by exercise-training than peripheral site circumferences. 3) Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were not significantly changed by exercise-training while only triglyceride decreased (changes : 20.7$\pm$44.8mg/dl ; p<0.05). Changes in body weight were grately related to changes in total cholesterol. Changes in deep abdominal adipose tissue were related to changes in triglyceride.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.506-510
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• 2000

This experiment was to determine the usefulness of gum safflower phospholipid as a feed ingredient. Forty female broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed experimental diets containing following fats and oils; beef tallow (Tallow), the blend of safflower oil and palm oil (SP-oil), gum rapeseed phospholipid (Rap-PL), or gum safflower phospholipid (Saf-PL) for 21days. There were no differences in growth performances among the treatments. Abdominal fat weight tended to be reduced in the chicks fed. phospholipids. The activity of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase was significantly reduced in the Rap-PL and Saf-PL as compared to that of Tallow. Feeding dietary phospholipids resulted in a slight reduction in total fat and triglyceride contents in the breast and thigh muscles. In addition, total fat and triglyceride contents in the thigh muscle were significantly decreased by dietary Saf-PL as compared to those of Tallow. These results suggested that dietary gum phospholipids, either from rapeseed or safflower, had desirable effects of lowing abdominal and muscle fats, and could be used as a feed ingredient for broiler diets.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of Lumbricus pharmacopuncture (LP) on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidative activity and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rat fed high fat diet. Methods : Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and experimental groups were divided into 4 groups as follows : Control, Lumbricus Jungwan ($CV_{12}$) pharmacopuncture (T I), Lumbricus Joksamni ($ST_{36}$) pharmacopuncture (T II), Lumbricus Jungwan ($CV_{12}$) and Joksamni ($ST_{36}$) pharmacopuncture (T III). Results : The levels of plasma FFA, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, TBARS, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ and liver total cholesterol, TG, TBARS, SOD, catalase, IL-6 in more than one LP group were significantly lower than those of Control groups. The level of IL-10 in one of LP groups was significantly higher than that of Control group. Conclusions : As the results were shown, LP treatment have considerable effects on lipid lowering, anti-oxidative activity and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rat fed high fat diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation renal lipid peroxidation in high fat diet and adriamycin (ADR) induced experimental nephrotic syndrome model rats. Treated rats were injected intraperitoneally with ADR (2mg/kgBW/wk) once a week for four weeks. control rats were injected with saline solution instead of ADR. The rats in each group were fed experimental diets of three levels of vitamin E for 10 weeks: Normal (501U/kg diet), high (5,000IU/kg diet), excess (7,500IU/kg diet). The high fat diet and ADR treatment was performed to induce the decrease of kidney functions. Serum total cholesterol was significantly decreased by the excess supplementation. But there was no effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum total lipid and triglyceride. Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances(TBARS) was significantly decreased at high and excess supplementation. Glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase ({TEX}$GP_{x}${/TEX}) and catalase activities (CAT) were measured as antioxidative enzymes. The renalglutathione reductase (GR) and catalase activities (CAT) were inclined to elevate by vitamin E supplementation. Thus the vitamin E supplementation was found to have an antioxicant effect. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation could alleviate the changes in renal lipid peroxidation.