• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

Using a panel data of Korea for $1979{\sim}2002$, this study investigates the determinants of the service sector employment share in Korea. In order to analyze the impact of macroeconomic factors on the service sector's employment share we estimate a simple panel model which is in line with Baumol's model. The panel GMM estimation results show that: 1) The increase in the share of service-related jobs in total employment tends to rise with GDP per capita, which confirms demand-bias hypothesis proposed by Clark. 2) We find that a crucial role in this process has been played by the productivity gap. As Baumol's hypothesis or Baumolis disease, the expansion of the employment share in services relative to industry is the direct consequence of services' lower productivity performances.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-154
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• 2023

This study investigates the productivity of Indonesian social scientists during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular concentration on their contributions to COVID-19 prevention and management. By categorizing social science research according to themes such as authors' gender, authors' institution of origin, forms of collaboration, and journal quality, this study examines the patterns and factors that influence research output. Using information from the Scopus database, 1,071 journal articles were analyzed in total. The findings indicate that collaborations with foreign researchers considerably improve productivity and publication quality, with Malaysian and Australian institutions serving as the most active partners. Nevertheless, there are gender disparities, as female authors write and are cited less frequently than male authors. The study stresses the importance of increasing international collaboration among Indonesian authors and implementing affirmative action policies to support and empower female researchers. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing policymakers, funding agencies, and academic institutions with recommendations for fostering a more inclusive and influential research environment in Indonesia.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is the use of simulation modelling to enhance productivity. In this paper, the optimal buffer allocation of small and medium size industries which produce solenoid valves for automobiles, is performed using simulations. The simulation model was developed under considerations of production layout, process & operation, process time, total work time, WIP, utilization, failure rate, and operation efficiency as inputs, and it was validated with careful comparisons between real behaviors and simulation outputs of the production line. Therefore, we can evaluate effects and changes in productivity when some strategies and/or crucial factors are changed. Although too large buffer could decrease productivity, the solenoid production line in this paper has been maintained large buffer. It is because reducing the size of buffer could result in the termination of the process. We determined the optimal number of buffers that could not cause any interrupt in productions using simulations. This simulation model considers diverse input variables which could influence productivity, and it is very useful not only for the production line of solenoid valves, but also for other production lines with various purposes, especially, small and medium size industries.

• IE interfaces
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 1993

This paper studies the economic replacement method for production facilities which requires huge investment but are necessary for higher productivity and competability of products. That is, the general models for the decision of economic life of properties which minimizes the total costs throughout the usage life(Life cycle costs) are generated. Main factors which make influences for the decision of econmic life can be divided by three. These are the change of salvage value, repair and maintenance costs, and availability of production facilities with the passage of usage time. In this paper, the real world data for these three factors are collected and analyzed for the extraction of representative standard forms with the passage of time. And general models for economic replacement methods and optimal usage terms are presented through tables with the combination of the standard forms of these three main factors.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.43-72
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• 2019

As a result of decomposing the wage gap between large enterprises and SMEs using Oaxaca's wage gap decomposition method, the total wage gap of supply side factors was 44.2%, and the service years and educational background were the biggest influences. and As a result of decomposing the wage gap by firm size based on demand side factors such as business performance, total wage gap was 44.9%, and the influence on wage gap was in the order of labor productivity, union and outsourcing ratio. The results of this analysis suggest that it is necessary to consider the demand side factors such as business performance and capital structure of supply side companies such as differences in human capital in order to solve wage gap by firm size.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-33
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• 2020

Recent discussions about a minimum wage increase (MWI) and its influence on the economy have mainly focused on the quantitative aspects, such as labor costs and employment. However, concerning the qualitative aspects, an MWI could have positive effects by enhancing firm productivity and crowding out marginal firms from the market. These positive effects of an MWI can offset, to some extent, its potential negative effects - increasing labor costs and decreasing employment, among others. In this regard we empirically examine the impact of an MWI on firm productivity (total factor productivity). Using firm level panel data from the manufacturing industry in Korea, we calculate the influence rates of a minimum wage by sector and by firm size (number of workers), and analyze its effects on firm productivity. In particular, the production functions of the firms are estimated by taking into account endogeneity among the input factors, in order to resolve the drawbacks of existing studies - underestimating the capital factor coefficient and overestimating the labor factor coefficient. This study finds that the influences of an MWI on wages, employment, and productivity are substantially different across sectors and firm sizes. While an MWI has shown to have positive influences on productivity growth in the manufacturing industry as a whole, each sector demonstrates a different direction of effect, and the degree of productivity change also varies by sector. The impacts of an MWI on firm productivity are generally estimated to be more negative for smaller firms, but in some sectors the effects are found to be positive. In addition, the wage increases resulting from an MWI seem to cause a productivity enhancement across all sectors in the manufacturing industry. The policy implications of this study are as follows. Considering the empirical findings that an MWI causes an increase in productivity in many sectors of the manufacturing industry, it would be desirable to take into consideration not only the negative side effects but also the positive effects of an MWI when designing any future minimum wage policy. Moreover, in spite of there being a uniform minimum wage, this study finds that the diverse influence rates of a minimum wage across firms have different impacts on wages, employment, and productivity across sectors or firm size. This finding could be conducive to discussions about differentiation among minimum wage schemes by sector or firm size.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.17
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• pp.107-133
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze a trend of profitability classified by characteristics of hospitals and to analyze related factors. The data for this study were derived from survey material conducted by the Korean Hospital Association on 33 hospitals in Korea between 1993 and 2002. Profitability was measured in the aspect of investment profit rate and operation profit rate with net profit to total assets, normal profit to total assets and operating margin to gross revenue as dependent variables. Independent variables were classified by general factors (ownership, number of beds, period of establishment, region), financial factors (total asset turnover, liabilities to total assets, current ratio, fixed ratio, inventories turnover, personnel costs per operation profit, material costs per operation profits), composition of manpower and facilities(personnel and area per beds), productivity index(the number of daily patients per medical doctor, the number of daily patients per nurse), the score of quality assurance activities. First, Concerning the specialists per beds or area per beds and profitability of hospitals there was not statistically significant. Second, Those hospitals having the most daily patients per nurse had significantly higher profitability than the others, but the number of daily patients per medical doctor had little effect on the profitability. Thirds, Those hospitals having a higher proportion total asset turnover tended to show significantly higher profitability compared to other hospitals, but the liabilities to total assets and liquidity ratio had a little difference to the profitability. Those hospitals having a higher proportion personnel costs per operation profit and material costs per operation profits tended to show significantly lower hospital profitability compared to other hospitals. Fourth, In regression analysis, hospital profitability had negative relationship with personnel costs per operation profit or material costs per operation profits. While it had positive relationship with total asset turnover, the number of daily patients per nurse. In conclusion, private hospitals had higher profitability than that of public hospitals. Though factors related to profitability of hospital were different according to ownership, it is important for securing appropriate profitability by operating appropriate number of nurse, raising total asset turnover, and reducing personnel costs, material costs per operation profits. This study can be used as a baseline data for planning of hospital management. But the study may be limited in that the results cannot be generalized due to its small sample size. However, this longitudinal observation of 33 hospitals over ten year period has significant merit alone.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-42
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• 1995

The investigation was made on the relationship among vegetation, net productivity, regrowth and soils of Moonheri-Wasoori, Soodowon-Sungilkyo and Mt. Kumhak grasslands in Chulwon area. The following conclusions have been made as the results of this study. The vascular flora of the grassland in Moonheri-Wasoori was composed of 102 species, the most of which were Medicago denticulata, Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, Festuca ovina and Cassia nomame. The flora of Soodowon-Sungilkyn grassland was composed of 74 species, the most of which were Arundinella hirta, Miscanthus sinensis, Carex nanella, Festuca ovina and Cassia nomame. It of Mt. Kumfiak grassland was composed of 78 species, the most of which were Arundinella hirta, Carex nanella, Festuca ovina, Miscanthus sinensis and Aster scaber. These five species contributed greatly to the standing crop of live material which was in excess of 60% of it. The peak standing crop of each 413.7, 307.6 and $348.7g /m^2$ in Moonheri-Wasoori, Soo- dowon-Sungilkyn and Mt. Kuruhak grasslands wars reached in August under flooded conditions as a result of the growth of dominant species, Medicago denticulata and Arundinella hirta. The net prodution of organic matter was slight in some intervals but occurred throughout the growing season After cutting of grasses, the regrowth of new leaves mainly depended on growing stage and edaphic factors. Characteristics of the natural grassland soils, especially, concerning water, total nitrogen, avail-able phosphorus and exchangeable calcium were clarified and might be depend upon the quantity of plant production. Nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium concentration of leaves of Medicago denticulata, Arundinella hirta and Miscanthus sinensis were higher than of stems. Even if diem we diffurmem in the a-mb of nutrients among Medicago denticulata hirta and Miacanthus sinensis for single species and stands. they were covered by variations within species in the present survey. Key words: Competition, Production, Productivity, Regrowth, Soil Properties, Vascular Flora.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

This paper aims to measure and analyze R&D productivities and efficiencies of 17 major OECD countries including Korea over the 1984-2008 period by using the Malmquist Productivity Index and Data Envelopment Analysis, classifying R&D performance into an output and outcome aspects. It also searches the Korea's current status and characteristics in each R&D stage to enhance Total Factor Productivity (TFP) compared with other developed countries. Our major findings are the followings: (i) Korea's productivity index of R&D input vis-a-vis R&D output is very high (13.39% annual growth rate) compared with those of major advanced countries, whereas the annual average of efficiency index is very low (0.33), i.e. Korea's technical efficiency index has risen to 0.83 at the last time series started at 0.10 point and come up to the level of major advanced countries. (ii) the Korea's productivity index of R&D output vis-a-vis R&D outcome is very low (14.02% annual reduction rate) compared with those of major advanced countries, whereas the annual average of efficiency index is very high (0.22), i.e. Korea's integrated frontier technical efficiency index has dropped to 0.057 at the last time series started at 1.00 point and coming up to the level of major advanced countries. (iii) The productivity of R&D input vis-a-vis R&D outcome is positively correlated with that of R&D output vis-a-vis R&D outcome and the growth of R&D input factors. In a nutshell, it implicates that the effort to take advantage of R&D outputs, namely establishing the diffusion and commercialization system of technical knowledge to the level of developed countries, should be strengthened over that on the growth of R&D investment and output for enhancing R&D productivity and efficiency in Korea.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.41-60
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• 1982

The main idea of this report, which deals with the process analysis in outfitting fields, is to improve working methods and further to secure higher productivity by removing unreasonable work factors in the workshop with the economical point of view. For this purpose, a series of techniques has been applied to some parts of chronically less productive outfitting works, expecting less man hour consumption and better working conditions to go with it. That is to make full use of process chart flow diagram(man & machine chart gang process chart). The text gives brief introductions of the charts respectively and the appendix shows actual practice directly applicable for the guidance of utilizing these charts. As the result of this, some of unreasonable work factors are removed from the total cycle and finally standard working method & time can be come out by reasonable working time and gradually improved working method.