• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.251-261
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• 2003

최근 정보보호의 중요성에 대한 인식이 확산되고 있음에도 불구하고 정보보호에 관한 적절한 투자가 이루어지지 않아, 효과적인 정보보호 시스템 구현이 지연되고 있다. 이는 전 세계적인 경제불황이라는 원인도 있겠지만, 정보보호 투자에 대한 정당화 논리가 부족하여 최고 경영자의 의사결정에 적절히 반영되지 않은 이유가 더 크다고 할 수 있다. 정보보호는 조직의 업무 수행에 수반되는 부대비용 개념으로 인식되어 왔으며 이 결과 ROI 와 같은 정보보호 투자에 대 한 정당화 논리를 제공하지 못해 적절한 투자가 적절히 수행되지 못하였다. 따라서 최근에는 정보보호 투자에 대한 수익과 지출간의 관계를 통한 ROSI(Return on Security Investment) 분석을 통한 정당화 논리 전개에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ROSI 산출에 대한 접근방법을 비교 분석하고 TCO(Total Cost of Ownership)를 이용한 ROSI 방법을 제시하고자 한다. TCO는 하드웨어 가격뿐만 아니라 기술지원 및 유지 지원 인력 등을 모두 고려한 총 소유비용이다. 즉 정보보호에 대한 정확한 총 비용을 구하는데 매우 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 기업들로 하여금 좀 더 효과적인 정보보호 투자 정당화 수단으로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

As use of construction equipment has been increasing continuingly, the proportion of equipment expense to the total construction cost has become higher. However, there is a difference between the equipment expenses section in 'Poom-Sam' and practical data, because 'Poom-sam' does not consider non-working days due to weather conditions, legal holidays and management conditions. Therefore, 'Poom-Sam' does not present a reasonable standard for estimating construction equipment expenses. In this study, to estimate realistic construction equipment operating hours, firstly, construction equipment was classified according to work, and weather conditions, in which each work could not be executed, were established. Then, weather data on Seoul and Busan($2004{\sim}2006$) and legal holidays were analyzed to suggest annual standard operating hours. The annual standard operating hours of earthmoving & excavating, compaction, and drilling equipment was estimated to be 1,430 hours, and lifting equipment, concrete paving equipment, asphalt paving equipment, concrete equipment, and crushing & conveying equipment were estimated to be 2,124 hours, 1,156hours, 1,188hours, 1,688hours, and 2,152hours respectively.

• CDE review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2007

PLM과 ERP의 정보 및 프로세스 통합은 개개의 기여도 함보다는 훨씬 큰 종합적인 이익을 가져오기 위하여 조직 전반에 걸쳐서 사용자들의 생산성을 제고한다. 그러나 이러한 이익을 얻기 위하여 정보는 조직을 통하여 자유로운 흐름이 있어야 한다. 이러한 통합의 범위를 결정하는 것은 복잡한 작업이 될 수 있다. 반드시 고려되어야 할 인자로는 다음과 같다. - 데이터 및 포로세스 소유권 - 정보의 마스터 출처 정의 - 필요한 통합 수준 - 제품 설계 및 생산의 두 영역에 걸쳐있는 프로세스를 어떻게 관리할 것인가? - 공통된 용어를 사용 각 회사에서 PLM과 ERP를 통합하는 최상의 방법을 결정할 때, 필요로 하는 것에 우선권을 두어야 한다. 즉, 희망하는 것 보다는 비즈니스상 요구되는 사항에 대한 것이다. 개발, 초기적용, 진행중인 유지보수를 포함하여 소유총비용(total cost of ownership)을 계산한다. PLM-ERP 통합은 데이터 통합 그 이상의 작업임을 명심하여야 한다. 이익을 최대화하기 위하여 제품과 관련된 정보, 프로세스. 조직 및 구성원의 광범위한 범위를 포함하여야 한다. 기업의 진취적인 노력에도 불구하구, 경영진의 지원은 성공에 결정적이다. 고심하고 있는 경영진이나 문제들을 인정하고 있는 사람들은 제품개발 프로세스 내에서 PLM과 ERP 통합의 필요성, 솔루션 및 이익에 대하여 필요한 교육을 제공받는 것을 필요로 하고 있다. 더욱이 그들은 성공을 보장하는 통합, 지침제공, 후원 및 자원의 사전 행동하는 지지자가 되기를 희망한다.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-105
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• 2012

So far, the importance of informatization, as well as investment into it, has been growing steadily. Due to the uncertainties and risks in adopting information technologies, systematic decision-making is definitely needed in investing in a large scale information system. Based on the existing theories about the economic life span of information systems and in consideration of the actual cost involved in the adoption and operation of the systems by the financial institutions in Korea, this study presents the optimal economic life span for all types of information systems in terms of the economic cost and generalizes the optimal life span. The ultimate purpose of this study is to develop a model that could be used in anticipating the timing of economic replacement of the information system of the same type and making decisions on IT investment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.779-788
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• 2020

Commercial banks play an important role as the main source of funding in the transition process of Vietnam as a market economy. As a result, enhancing the efficiency and productivity of Vietnamese banks can decrease the lending cost for individuals and enterprises. This study is to measure and analyze the productivity change of Vietnamese banking system in different ownership cohorts and sources of this change during the period of restructuring (2011-2019). The Hicks-Moorsteen total factor productivity index is utilised to measure the productivity change and to identify the sources of this change. For an empirical analysis, the data of 28 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2011 to 2018 is collected from their financial statements including balance sheets and income statements. The results show an increase of Vietnamese bank productivity due to the technological progress. While foreign and joint-venture banks are the most advanced cohort, state-owned banks have the lowest rate of productivity growth. The restructuring program negatively impacts scale efficiency and this measure attributes to a decline in the overall efficiency of the banks. We also found that state-owned commercial banks are the most efficient group in the sense that they can achieve the maximal level of revenue from a given amount of expense.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2020

The market for electric vehicles is growing due to the public's interest in the environment and the expansion of electric vehicle support projects in terms of government policy. This study surveyed 2,332 people in Jeju, one of the nation's representative areas of electric vehicles, and the higher the perceived value in terms of the total cost of automobile ownership for electric vehicles, the higher the intention to purchase electric vehicles. The higher the level of knowledge and attachment, the higher the intention to purchase electric vehicles. While many previous studies considered economic value mainly as price, the study was conducted to approach economic value in terms of total cost of ownership. Marketing practitioners also look for practical contributions in that they can propose price framing so that customers can judge the economic value of the electric vehicle as a strategic way to increase the intention to purchase the electric vehicle, rather than just the purchase price. can see. In addition, the same research should be conducted in various regions besides Jeju, so that the research results can be generalized.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

In Korea, attention is being paid to the use of renewable energy in the livestock industry, and Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP), which is advantageous for temperature control, is considered as one of the ways to reduce the use of fossil fuels. But GSHP is expensive to install, which proper capacity calculation is required. GSHP capacity is related to its maximum energy load. Energy loads are affected by climate characteristics and time, so dynamic analysis is required. In this study, the optimal capacity of GSHP was calculated by calculating the heating and cooling load of pig farms using BES (Building Energy Simulation) and economic analysis was performed. After designing the inside of the pig house using TRNSYS, one of the commercial programs of the BES technique, the energy load was calculated based on meteorological data. Through the calculated energy load, three heating devices and GSHP used in pig farms were analyzed for economic feasibility. As a result, GSHP's total cost of ownership was the cheapest, but the installation cost was the highest. In order to reduce the initial cost of GSHP, the capacity of GSHP was divided, and a scenario was created in which some of it was used as an auxiliary heating device, and economic analysis was conducted. In this study, a method to calculate the proper capacity of GSHP through dynamic energy analysis was proposed, and it can be used as data necessary to expand the spread of GSHP.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.39-55
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• 2022

In this study, we investigate the interrelationship between housing tenure and childbirth by exploiting the correlation probability effect method that accounts for household heterogeneity. Using the newlywed household panel from 2011 to 2022, we find that home ownership has a positive impact on childbirth in newlyweds. Specifically, newlywed households with housing tenure show a 6.2%p higher birth rate and a 5.7%p higher second childbirth than newlywed households living in rented houses. For the case of first childbirth, we employ the probability effect probit model since the endogeneity was not detected between housing tenure and birth rate. We document the differential effects of housing tenure on childbirth in that the first childbirth rate is higher for households without housing tenures. The negative effects on first childbirth could be attributed to the economic burden due to initial housing ownership, while housing tenure could eventually provide housing stability, leading to positive effects on more than one childbirth. Finally, we identify that households with childbirth over the last year show a 4.2%p and 3.9%p lower probabilities of housing tenure in the total sample and second childbirth sample, respectively. This suggests that the increased living cost due to childbirth could delay home ownership.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.10
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• pp.775-784
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• 2013

Mobile operators are considering a variety of technical measures to cope with the explosion of data while reducing TCO(Total Cost of Ownership) of their networks. In this paper, to investigate the possibility about one of such technical measures, system level simulation to evaluate the performance of the capacity and mobility was performed in cloud base station structure to apply coordinated multi-point transmission and reception. As a result, we find out that system capacity and mobility performance may be improved according to the scale and application area of cloud base station with the operation of coordinated multi-point transmission and reception, and these mutual causality can provide practical guidelines to mobile network's operation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

In the wake of increased concerns on reduction of greenhouse emission which started with United Nation's Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto protocol, Korean government is making various efforts under the represented slogan "Low Carbon, Green Growth". Therefore, it is inevitable that construction industry also follow the Korea government's slogan and the international trend in environmental problems. This study identified several main construction materials and equipments of civil construction projects and suggested a environmental cost estimation method and related estimation standards (Public and private owners are distinguished). A case analysis of a real road construction project is also performed and characteristics according to the owner type is compared. This study analyzed the environmental impact to total construction cost variations. In the result, public owner required 11~16% of extra budget and private owner required 19~22% of extra costs. This study is limited in consideration of environmental factors and carbon trading prices.