• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2012

The usages of botulinum toxin were most commonly for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia in the otolaryngology field. It has been not only widely used in otolaryngology-Head Neck surgery but also plastic surgery, ophthalmology, rehabilitation medicine, and orthopedics. Now botulinum toxin is used such as blepharospasm (excessive blinking), strabismus, cosmetic, muscle spasms, upper motor neuron syndrome, severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis), chronic migraine, bruxism, and achalasia. The indication of this drug still gradually expanding with the times. In this articles, the author will demontrate how to use the botulinum toxin for treating cricopharyngeal spasm, arytenoid dislocation, sialocele, Frey syndrome, contact granuloma, bilateral vocal fold paralysis, and mutaional falsetto instead of conventional surgical treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.248-251
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• 2007

Atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation [AARD] is an uncommon disorder of childhood in which clinical diagnosis is generally difficult and often made late. It is very rare in adults because of the unique biomechanical features of the atlantoaxial articulation. We report a case of post-traumatic AARD in an adult. Reduction was difficult to obtain by skull traction and gentle manipulation. Therefore, the patient was treated surgically by an open reduction, transpedicular screw fixation, and posterior C1-2 wiring with graft. The normal atlantoaxial relation was restored with disappearance of torticollis. Postoperatively, the patient remains neurologically intact and has radiographic documentation of fusion. Atlantoaxial transpedicular screw fixation can be one of the treatment options for the AARD.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.152-155
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• 2001

A two-year-old male peacock (Pavo cristatus) showed acute watery green diarrhea, followed by neurological signs including torticollis and muscular tremor. By the hemagglutination inhibition test for detecting the antibody against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the peacock serum inhibited the agglutination of chicken red blood cells. Grossly distinctive hemorrhagic lesions were found in the mucosa of proventiculus and intestine and lung. The spleen revealed multiple variable sized necrotic foci. Histologically, the mucosa of gastrointestinal track had hemorrhagic lesions and some of them underwent ulceration. The spleen exhibited multiple variable sized necrotic foci in which fibrin exudation was marked. Central nervous system had mild non-suppulative menin-goencephalitis consisting of vasculitis, perivascular hemorrhage, gliosis and meningitis. The cells particularly in the cerebellum were degenerative to necrotic. Some of these nerve cells revealed characteristic peripheral chromatolysis. From the present serological and pathological findings, it is suggested that NDV causing death of peacock was velogenic viscerotropic strain. This is the first report of the occurrence of velogenic viscerotropic NDV in an adult peacock in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1990

The immune responses of commercial layer chickens against Newcastle disease (ND) were compared among different administration methods and times of vaccination during 4 weeks of age. A total of 372 day-old chickens were devided into 4 groups of 93 birds each. Each of 3 groups was received a commercially available B$_1$ live vaccine via drinking water, eye instillation or spray method at one, 14 and 28 days of age. One group was used as an unvaccinated control. At two and 4 weeks after each time of vaccination, 15 birds from each group were challenged with virulent ND virus at the dose of 10$^{5}$ EID$_{50}$ per bird to examine the pretection rate. Ten to 15 birds from each group were bled at two weeks intervals from day old to 8 weeks of age to determine hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer. The protection rate was generally low regardless of the times of vaccination although two or more times vaccination gave higher protection than once vaccination. The low protection was considered due to low titer of the vaccine used since the vaccine titer was less than 10$^{2.5}$ EID$_{50}$ per bird. Spray method gave better protection compared to eye instillation of drinking water method which resulted in lowest response. When birds were challenged majority showed clinical signs on ND between 3 and 6 days after challenge. Death occured one or two days after onset of symptoms. Major clinical signs observed were depression (96%), drowsy(90%), anorexia (84%), diarrhoea (29%), difficult breath (15%) and torticollis (10%). Hemorrhagic lesions on post mortem were seen in duodenum (51%), trachea(36%), illeum (13%), ceacal tonsil (11%), proventriculus (10%) and some other organs. When birds were challenged majority showed clinical signs on ND between 3 and 6 days after challenge. Death occured one or two days after onset of symptoms. Major clinical signs observed were depression (96%), drowsy(90%), anorexia (84%), diarrhoea (29%), difficult breath (15%) and torticollis (10%). Hemorrhagic lesions on post mortem were seen in duodenum (51%), trachea(35%), illeum (13%), ceacal tonsil (11%), proventriculus (10%) and some other organs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 선천성 사경을 가진 22명의 유아에 대해 임상적 양상과 물리치료 만족도 및 사경의 요인을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 설문지를 통해 유아의 성별과 연령분포, 사경의 요인, 사경의 관리, 사경의 물리치료를 조사하였다. 연구결과 : 1. 환자의 성별 및 연령분포는 남자아이가 9명(41%), 여자아이가 13(59%) 이었고, 연령분포는 1~4개월이 5명(22.7%), 5~8개월이 6명(27.3%), 9~12개월이 4명(18.2%), 그리고 1년 이상은 7명(31.8%) 이었다. 2. 사경의 정도는 경도가 3명(13.6%), 중등도 3명(13.6%), 중증 16명(72.8%) 이었고, 사경의 분만요인으로 정상분만 12명(54.5%), 재왕절개분만 8명(36.4%), 그리고 둔위분만 2명(9.1%)으로 나타났다. 산모의 건강상태에 따른 요인은 매우 양호 7명(31.9%), 양호 11명(50%), 약함 3명(13.6%), 그리고 매우 약함 1명(4.5%) 이었다. 사경의 요인으로 분석된 가족력, 임신, 분만 사이에는 특별한 관련성은 없었다. 3. 사경 환자가 물리치료를 받는 횟수는 매일 치료 9명(40.9%), 일주일에 2~3회 12명(54.5%) 이었고 물리치료에 대한 만족도는 매우 우수 4명(18.2%), 우수 15명(68.2%), 보통 3명(13.6%)로 나타났다. 결론 : 이러한 결과를 통해 물리치료가 선천성 사경에 매우 효과적이었다.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.145-156
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• 2010

Objects: This study was to report a clinical effect of Chuna Treatment for a patient diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) as Cervical Myelopathy. Methods: In order to alleviate shoulder pain and neck stiffness, the patient was treated by acupuncture therapy, herbal medicine, pharmacopucture, cervical traction technique of Chuna treatment and conservative managements. To evaluate the effect of the treatment, Recovery rate of Hirabayashi, VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), NDI and ROM(Range of Motion) were used. Lhermitte's sign, Valsalva test, Distraction test, Compression test and Spurling test were carried out. Results: VAS, NDI and ROM were improved and Recovery rate was 100%. Conclusions: Korean Treatment can be effectively used for a patient with Cervical Myelopathy. Further clinical studies are needed to verify the findings.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 2016

Objectives: This study presents a case of a 37-year-old Korean male with dystonia due to dystonic cerebral palsy who was treated with herbal medicine (Ukgan-san), acupuncture, and cupping treatment.Method: We executed the unified dystonia rating scale (UDRS) and the Toronto western spasmodic torticollis rating scale (TWSTRS) to evaluate dystonia.Results: The patient’s dystonia showed improvement after the administration of traditional Korean medical treatments.Conclusion: Traditional Korean medical treatment may be effective in treating dystonia due to dystonic cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.366-369
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• 2020

Foaling is a process of giving birth to foal which is prompt and forceful event in equine breeding. Dystocia is declared when 2nd stage of parturition exceeds from 20 min without fetal movements in mare. Dystocia is very challenging situation for both mare and veterinarian. Survivability of mare and foal, and subsequent fertility of mare depends on efficient management. Therefore, the current report described a rare case of wry neck (torticollis or unilateral bent neck) resulted in dystocia, that was efficiently resolved by partial fetotomy and repulsion technique in mare under field conditions. Intensive post operative care was performed to avoid infection and to achieve fertility subsequently.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

Rabbit infectious hemorrhagic fever has been reported in rabbits worldwide. The disease is also frequently reported on Korean rabbit farms, and the pathological study of 9 rabbits on such disease-occurring farms was attempted to identify the pathogen. Clinical signs were torticollis and ear ulceration. Most rabbit died with bloody nasal discharges. At necropsy, multiple hemorrhages and inflammation were observed in heart, lung, liver and uterus. The main histopathologic features were hemorrhagic suppurative meningoencephalitis, fibrinous bronchointerstitial pneumonia, bacteremia, liver cell necrosis, multifocal hemorrhages in kidney and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. The viral VP60 gene of RHDV was identified by Reverse Transcriptase PCR. Pasteurella multocida organisms were cultured, identified by biochemical test and serotyped as A by multiplex capsular typing PCR. In conclusion, the fatal hemorrhagic disease was due to combined infection with both RHDV and P. multocida in rabbits. To our knowledge, this is the first case report about co-infection with both RHDV and P. multocida in rabbits in Korea.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2023

Drug-induced dyskinesia is an involuntary muscle movement caused by various dopamine receptor-blocking drug exposure, such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiemetics. Causative drug removal is the main treatment for drug-induced dyskinesia whenever possible because its pathophysiology lacks a universally accepted mechanism; however, the symptoms can persist for years or decades in many patients even after causative drug removal. Herein, we present a case of drug-induced dyskinesia in a 61-year-old female patient who consumed medication for approximately 10 years for her depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Cervical and facial dyskinesia was suggested to be related to perphenazine and levosulpiride administration. The patient received acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, and chuna treatment for 81 days during hospitalization. The symptoms were evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, Tsui's score, and Numeric Rating Scale, which revealed remarkable improvement, suggesting the effectiveness of combined Korean medicine for drug-induced dyskinesia.