• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.68
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• pp.75-98
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• 2005

Korea physiographic province is divided into two provinces which is northern Chugaryung graben zone and southern Chugraryung graben zone. Northern Chugraryung is also divided in to Gema block and Kohan block, and southern Chugraryung dividedinto Han block, Yongnam basin and Honam plain. The above mentioned macro geomorophic units is divided, mainly on the geotectonics. The meso geomorphic units is divided, based upon the regional distribution of topographic characteristic that is plateaus, mountains, mountain range, basins and great plain etc. Micro geomorphic units id into a mountain, a hill, a plain, and a lowland, and then it is formed by selfreliant topographic unit. And micro topographic (fan, peneplain, delta, etc) dealt with a characteristics unit. In this article has a disregarded amallest scale that is included flood plait natural levee, back marsh and oxbow lake etc. Accordingly, it shows macro units are meso units are 5, meso units are 53, micro units are 299. A study method of physiographic provincs prefered to aufsteigende and abstergands methoy. How to organically combine topographic factors can be seen in regional distribution of the peculiar topographic characteristics, for charage teristic of topographic makes a study on the topographic of micro unit such understanding as aufsteigende method. At the same time, since it can be studied systematically from marco unit to micro unit like the absteigende methods, I used both methods. And this establishment of physiographic province based on the scientific method depend on the base map of climate classification. Geology, Soil, Biology. I feel confident that it will be used the basic map for land use map, land classification map, study of geomorphology of Korea. And will be used for study of a topographic standard data.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2003

We present a latent variable model-based approach to the analysis of gene expression patterns, coupled with topographic clustering. Aspect model, a latent variable model for dyadic data, is applied to extract latent patterns underlying complex variations of gene expression levels. Then a topographic clustering is performed to find coherent groups of genes, based on the extracted latent patterns as well as individual gene expression behaviors. Applied to cell cycle­regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the proposed method could discover biologically meaningful patterns related with characteristic expression behavior in particular cell cycle phases. In addition, the display of the variation in the composition of these latent patterns on the cluster map provided more facilitated interpretation of the resulting cluster structure. From this, we argue that latent variable models, coupled with topographic clustering, are a promising tool for explorative analysis of gene expression data.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2020

The method of selecting an existing flood hazard area via a numerical model requires considerable time and effort. In this regard, this study proposes a method for selecting flood vulnerable areas through topographic analysis based on a surface runoff mechanism to reduce the time and effort required. Flood vulnerable areas based on runoff mechanisms refer to those areas that are advantageous in terms of the flow accumulation characteristics of rainfall-runoff water at the surface, and they generally include lowlands, mild slopes, and rivers. For the analysis, a digital topographic map of the target area (Seoul) was employed. In addition, in the topographic analysis, eight topographic factors were considered, namely, the elevation, slope, profile and plan curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index, and the distances from rivers and manholes. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted between the topographic factors and actual inundation trace data. The results revealed that four topographic factors, namely, elevation, slope, TWI, and distance from manholes, explained the flooded area well. Thus, when a flood vulnerable area is selected, the prioritization method for various factors as proposed in this study can simplify the topographical analytical factors that contribute to flooding.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2008

Mapping applications using satellite imagery have been possible to quantitative analysis since SPOT satellite with stereo image was launched. Especially, high resolution satellite imagery was efficiently used in the field of digital mapping for the areas which are difficult to produce large-scale maps by aerial photogrammetry or carry out ground control point surveying due to unaccessibility. This study extracted the geospatial information out of consideration for topographic characteristic from ortho imagery of the National Geospatial-intelligence Agency(NGA) in the United States of America and analyzed the accuracy of plane coordinate for ortho imagery. For this purpose, the accuracy according to topographic character by comparison between both extraction data from ortho imagery and the digital topographic maps of 1:5000 scale which were produced by Korea National Geographic Information Institute(NGI) was evaluated. It is expected that the results of this study will be fully used as basic information for ground control point acquisition or digital mapping in unaccessible area.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

Recently damage scale by local winds and typhoon has dramatically increased. Korea has the terrain over 70% of the land and the planning of the wind load is necessary to estimate reflecting appropriately the change of the wind-speed according to the characteristic of the terrain and in the Korean Building Code(2009), this is stated and it reflects to the design process. However, in order to estimate the topographic factor of the wind speed considering the topographic characteristics in the structure design actually, it has many difficult points including the local topographic survey, etc. In this paper, the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) is created using TIN interpolation method in the form of the digital map and then the interface was designed and implemented which can automatically estimate the topographic factor of wind speed by using ESRI(R)ArcObjectTM and the Visual Basic programing language. By applying it to the terrain which positioned in the downtown area, the practicality of the topographic factor of wind speed estimation interface was checked.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.271-280
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• 1999

The topographical effect resulted from rugged terrains and inhomogeneous spectral characteristics due to the complexly mixed land cover condition of Korea substantially lower the remotely sensed land cover classification accuracy In this study, a topographic correction method using digital elevation model to alleviate the topographic effects. To deal with inhomogeneous spectral characteristic, a hybrid classifier with inclusion of prior probabilities was introduced. This investigation concluded that the topographical normalization and hybrid classification with prior probabilities are effective on rugged landscape. The overall and average classification accuracies were improved by 0.92％ and 1.016％ respectively. The most substantial and noticeable accuracy improvement was observed in forest areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.849-854
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• 2001

GTM(Generative Topographic Mapping) model is a probabilistic version of the SOM(Self Organizing Maps) which was proposed by T. Kohonen. The GTM is modelled by latent or hidden variables of probability distribution of data. It is a unique characteristic not implemented in SOM model, and, therefore, it is possible with GTM to analyze data accurately, thereby overcoming the limits of SOM. In the present investigation we proposed a BGTM(Bayesian GTM) combined with Bayesian learning and GTM model that has a small mis-classification ratio. By combining fast calculation ability and probabilistic distribution of data of GTM with correct reasoning based on Bayesian model, the BGTM model provided improved results, compared with existing models.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.154-159
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• 2001

Nakdong estuary is located at south-eastern coast of the Korea. A lot of sediment from upper river was deposited at this area. It has caused many problems such as changes in topography and tidal current. In this paper, field observation data on tidal currents and sediments were investigated as well as historical topographic changes by dredging and reclamation of the foreshore. Then, the numerical model considered the settling velocity of the suspended solids according to the particle size was applied to examine the characteristic of deposition. The results are as follows : 1. Changes of characteristics of deposition were caused by topographic changes of Nakdong estuary 2. Characteristics of deposition were influenced by river plume and tidal currents. 3. Numerical model which considers settling velocity reappeared distribution of deposition by particle-size. 4. Used model is only resonable for discussion in the quality, so, it is strongly suggested that the new model development is needed including the quatitative deposition processes.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2022

The factors influencing landslide occurrence were analyzed for six points on the upper slope and the 24 points on the lower slope along a forest road around Sangsan village in Chungju, Korea, where landslides have occurred due to heavy rainfall. In terms of physico-mechanical properties of the soil layer, the lower slope seemed to loosen owing to the higher porosity, lower unit weight, and lower friction angle compared with the upper slope. With respect to topographic characteristics, the lower slope had thicker regolith, more concave profile and plan curvatures, lower slope angles, and higher topographic wetness index values than the upper slope. Therefore, all the properties (except for the slope angle) appear to make the lower slope of the forest road more vulnerable to landslides than the upper slope. Apart from the physico-mechanical and topographic characteristics, inadequate maintenance and management of drainage facilities are also considered as further major factors influencing landslide occurrence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Nakdong estuary is located at south-eastern coast of the Korea. A lot of sediment from upper river were deposited at this area. It has cause many problem such as changes in topography and tidal current. Changes of characteristic of deposition were cause by topographic change of nakdong estuary. Analyzing and evaluating data, we could predict the direction of movement of the sand bar and the growth toward south-eastern of Nakdong estuary. It was caused by decreasing river discharge after construction of Nakdong-kang barrage.