• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 1969

A study has been made on the time of nitrogen top-dressing and the method of top-dressing to establish the higher yielding cultural method for wheat at Suwon. In this experiment, it was observed that the application of nitrogen top-dressing with urea leaf spray as spike fertilizer increased the yield by 4~6 percent over nitrogen top-dressing of equal quantity only. Considering the yield and various factors concerned, it is reasonable to apply top-dressing on mid and late of March in Suwon area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.512-517
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• 1995

Effects of nitrogen top-dressing method on quality of barley were evaluted over amount of 2 and 4 kg per 10a on volcanic ash soil in Japan under regrowth stage, productive tiller stage and heading stage. 55% milling time was longer by the amount of top- dressing, but that was not influenced by the times of top-dressing. And glassiness, whiteness, hardness and 8 minute- millng rate were not influenced by times and amounts of top-dressing. Crude protein rate of grain was increased by amount of nitrogen top-dressing, but that did not correlated with time of nitrogen top-dressing. Crude protein rate of grain was positively correlated with 55% milling time. But that did not correlated with whiteness of 8 minute-milled grain. 8 minute-milling rate was negatively correlated with whiteness of 8 minute-milled grain. There was no visible difference of protein matrix with scanning electron microscope in different nitrogen levels.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

This study was carried out to improve the rice grain quality of Ilpum cultivar, especially to reduce the chalky rice rate by controlling top dressing of nitrogen application ratio at the tillering and panicle initiation stage. In the rice plant growth, the number of tiller and leaf area index of maximum tillering stage were influenced by basal dressing and top dressing at tillering stage; however those of heading stage were mainly influenced by top dressing at panicle initiation stage. In yield and yield components, they were influence by the top dressing at panicle initiation stage and the rice yield was increased by percentage of the top dressing. The protein content of rice grain was increased as the rate of top dressing at panicle initiation stage was increased. The rate of chalky and damaged rice was remarkably increased as the top dressing ratio was increased, resulting in reducing the rate of head rice rate. As the results, the characteristics of milling and rice quality was improved when the amount of top dress was reduced as 50% at the panicle initiation stage, and the yield of head rice also increased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.117-121
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• 1973

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen top-dressed at the different growth stages on the morphological and physical characteristics of barley culm. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. By top-dressing of nitrogen in March, each internode length from the third to the fifth internode was shortened, and total fresh weight of the top, dry weight per unit culm, inside or outside culm diameter and thickness of culm were increased. Therefore these characteristics related to lodging indicated the beneficial changes for lodging resistance by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 2. Both weight of culm at breaking and bending moment of culm at breaking, expressing lodging resistance of culm, were increased in the plots of nitrogen top-dressed in March. Accordingly lodging resistance became higher by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 3. Both section modulus and secondary moment of inertia, expressing bending stiffness of culm, were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Accordingly lodging index, expressing comprehensive lodging resistance, became low by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 4. Both spike weight and grain yield were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Consequently we came to the conclusion that the suitable top-dressing time of nitrogen was in March.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of top dressing of nitrogen and harvest time on the growth, feed value and anthocyanin content for developing functional feed of colored barley. A colored barley cultivar, Boanchalbori, was tested in this experiment. Top dressing was applied at seven separate growth stages, regeneration time (RT), and intervals of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after RT, and harvested at different time from 20 days after heading (DAH) to 40 DAH with 10 days interval in split plot design with three replications. Plant height was increasing with earlier top dressing, but not affected by harvest time. Percent dry matter was increasing with earlier top dressing and later harvests. Protein content was increased with later top dressing and harvests, but percent NDF, ADF and TDN was not significant. Total anthocyanin content was increased with earlier top dressing, included increasing C3G (cyanidin-3-glucoside) and delphinidin. The C3G and delphinidin were detected from 25 DAH and P3G (pelargonidin-3-g1ucoside), cyanidin and perlagonidin from 30 DAH. Their contents were increased significantly as harvest was delayed. This experiment provides some interesting results with respects to optimum top dressing and harvest time for the functional feed production of the colored barley.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of top dressing on the thatch losses in bentgrass (Agrostis palustris). Top dressing materials used were clay loam, sand, zeolite, and sawdust. Data were taken on July 10 ($T_1$), Aug. 7 (($T_2$ ) and Sept. 4 (($T_3$) respectively. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The dry weight of accumulated thatch was significantly different between treatments and dates of survery, and for the interaction of treatment x date of survey. 2. The dry weight of accumulated thatch showed a tendency to decrease as growth progressed in all treatments. (Table 1) The dry weight of accumulated thatch was the smallest at sand but the largest at clay loam in each date of survey. 3. The losses rate of accumulated thatch showed a tendency to slightly increase as affected by top dressing materials. (Table 2) Sand showed a significantly higher losses rate of accumulated thatch than that of other treatments. 4. The dry weight of accumulated thatch showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.01) with the losses rate of accumulated thatch. (Fig. 1) 5. Turf coverage was significant difference between treatments and dates of survey. 6. Turf coverage showed a tendency to increase as growth progressed in all treatments. (Table 3) 7. Turf coverage indicated significant negative correlation (p<0.001) with the dry weight of accumulated thatch. (Fig. 2)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

his experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of nitrogen top dressing levels on the growth, feed value, and anthocyanin content for developing functional feed of colored barley. A colored barley cultivar, Boanchalbori, was tested in this experiment. Nitrogen top dressing levels was six (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) and top dressing time was a regeneration time. In case of productivity, heading data was get behind and dry matter rate was significant decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels (p<0.05). Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield was increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels, but not significant. In case of feed value, crude protein content was significant increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels (p<0.05), and higher in the order of spike, whole and leaf culme of the plant. Percent NDF and ADF was decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme, but no difference in spike and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of leaf culme, whole and spike of the plant. TDN was increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme, but no difference in spike and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of spike, whole and leaf culme of the plant. Total anthocyanin content was significant decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of leaf culme, whole and spike of the plant. Specially, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), delphinidin (Del), malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G) and malvidin (Mal) show a significant decrease. So there are an accumulation of anthocyanin in the culm, and standard nitrogen top dressing levels dressing on the regeneration time for produces high anthocyanin content of the colored barley.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out in the green house at Tokyo University of Agriculture in 1992 to investigate the relationship between lodging resistances and specific morphological characters and to examine the effects of nitrogen top-dressing and growth retardant on changes of the endogenous ethylene content in rice plant. Inabenfide did not affect significantly yield, yield component, chlorophyll content, and $CO_2 assimilation but, decreasing plant height when growth regulators were applied at booting stage, decreasing internode elongation, and increasing culm thickness and diameter of the third and fourth internode. While, nitrogen top-dressing usually showed to effect increasing vegetative growth such as plant height, tiller number, and morphological characteristics but, were not significantly affected the chlorophyll content and $CO_2 assimilation. Ethylene evolution was dramatically changed with nitrogen top-dressing and growth retardant. Application of Inabenfide at 15 days before heading inhibited ethylene evolution in the all nitrogen levels. Higher nitrogen top-dressing showed higher ethylene evolution than that of low nitrogen level. High positive correlation was detected between nitrogen application and ethylene evolution.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 1980

Experiments were conducted to know N, P, and K top dressing effects on yield and other agronomic characters of rice plants grown in 5-year differently fertilized soils. Four levels of nitrogen, 0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6kg/10a, were applied 32 days before heading in 5-year non-fertilized and PK applied plots. Four levels of P_2 $O_{5}$ and K_2 O of 0, 4, 8 and 12kg/l0a were applied 40 days before heading in 5-year NK and NP applied plots, respectively. 1. Heading was delayed by seven days in 5-year non-fertilized and PK applied plots compared to NK, NP, or NPK applied plots where nitrogen was applied as basal. However, in 5-year non-fertilized and PK applied plots heading was delayed from 1 to 4 days as amounts of nitrogen top dressing increased. Phosphorus and potassium did not affect heading date of rice plants. 2. In 5-year non-fertilized plot grain yield increased as amounts of nitrogen top dressing increased up to 2.4kg/l0a due to both increased number of panicles per hill and spikelets per panicle. However, in 5-year PK applied plot amounts of nitrogen top dressing did not affect grain yield; the number of panicle per hill increased, but the percentage of ripened grains and grain weight tended to decrease as nitrogen levels increase. 3. The number of panicle/maximum tillers ratio in percentage increased markedly as amounts of nitrogen top dressing increased in 5-year non-fertilized and PK applied plots with maximum value of 130% on the basis of maximum tillers at vegetative stage. 4. Top dressing of phosphorus and potassium did not affect yield and other agronomic characters in NK and NP applied plots.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2001

This experiment evaluates wintering ability to maintain green color of lawn grasses during winter and investigates the effects of top dressing of fertilizer on improving green color during regrowth. Kentucky blue-grass could maintain green color and leaf chlorophyll content better than tall fescue and creeping bentgrass in winter. All three grasses in this experiment have shown the excellent wintering ability. In enhancing the recovery of green color at the early stage of regrowth, the mulching effect with rice straw was highly significant for creeping bentgrass. Green color recovery in grasses during its regrowth was better at the top dressing plots than at the plots without top dressing, but when fertilizer application levels were increased, green color in lawn grass did not significantly change. Although green color in tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and Korean lawngrass could be maintained during summer, the green color of creeping bentgrass is reduced significantly with high temperature. Top dressing after winter and mowing improved leaf chlorophyll content and green color in tail fescue and Kentucky bluegrass significantly. However, Korean lawngrass did not respond significantly with increased levels of fertilizer.