• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1107-1114
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• 1994

This paper presents a method of constructing the protocol converter where the semantic relation between messages is added to the protocol conversion method satisfying with conformity property. This method comes from a formal method with top-down approach and then derives efficient maximal converter to overcome protocol mismatch between computer networks implemented with different protocols. When a converter is made with this method, the most useless portions of the maximal converter are removed easily.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.301-304
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• 2005

The waterproofing in slab and wall of underground structure, have a couple of construction methods which are inside waterproofing methods for inner surface, and outside waterproofing methods for out wall and slab surface waterproofing. In resent years, however, it has been adapted the inside waterproofing construction method, as increasing of construction expenses cost and low workability and technology, nevertheless, outside waterproofing has set a most high value construction method. In inside waterproofing construction method, it is difficult to repair and assure durability and safety for concrete which has direct water-press. So, It is necessary for adopt the outside waterproofing method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.87-96
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• 2010

PAP method is a combined measures which consist a anchored retaining wall method with permanent ground anchors and vertical precast concrete panels, step by step on the slope surface. And soil is back filled between slope and vertical precast panels. Therefore, this method is more effective than any other ground anchor reinforcing methods of slope stability, for example cross type concrete block ground anchor or buttress concrete block ground anchor method. Because of increasing effective anchor force and green tree planting.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2008

Noise barriers are being used more often to solve problems of noise pollution from traffic noise. Several types of noise barriers are being installed to increase the cost-effectiveness of noise barrier installation. In this study, the insertion loss is analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the noise barrier by using the BEM. In order to check the validity of the BEM, the BEM and Lam's theoretical analysis are compared with measurement, which is performed in the anechoic chamber for the 1/10 scale-down model, and good agreements are obtained. By using the two dimensional boundary element method, the insertion loss is calculated and analyzed for several typical noise barriers such as the vertical barrier, the barrier with an oblique edge on top, the T-shaped barrier and the barrier with interference device on top. With these analyses, it is possible to design more cost-effective noise barriers appropriate for a particular area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.715-717
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• 2004

This paper proposes a new reconstruction method of high-resolution facial image from a low-resolution facial image based on a recursive error back-projection of top-down machine learning. A face is represented by a linear combination of prototypes of shape and texture. With the shape and texture information about the pixels in a given low-resolution facial image, we can estimate optimal coefficients for a linear combination of prototypes of shape and those of texture by solving least square minimization. Then high-resolution facial image can be obtained by using the optimal coefficients for linear combination of the high-resolution prototypes, In addition to, a recursive error back-projection is applied to improve the accuracy of synthesized high-resolution facial image. The encouraging results of the proposed method show that our method can be used to improve the performance of the face recognition by applying our method to reconstruct high-resolution facial images from low-resolution one captured at a distance.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.133-137
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• 2017

Nuclear power plants in Korea are usually built based on a duplicated model; so the project cost data of the preceding unit can be used as reference when estimating the project cost for the succeeding unit. However, since the contracting method is oriented towards the price, empirical factors such as making top-down estimations using the reverse calculation method based on the completion cost of the preceding unit is dominant. In order to develop a project cost database to resolve such problems, the detailed cost boundary of the project cost data must be categorized by project and by system. This study proposes a method to connect the code of account with the base quantities and the IAEA account, and proposes a database structure for the development of a project cost estimation system. The estimation system developed in the future is expected to utilize the proposed project cost data structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.55-65
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• 2011

In effort to estimate sustainability of the transportation sector, this study conducts a comparative analysis of methodology suggested for measuring greenhouse gas emission. There are two approaches proposed by the UN IPCC: 1) top-down approach (TDA) based on the amount oil sales, and 2) bottom-up approach (BUA) utilizing the velocity of moving source and traffic volume data. The subject areas for analysis were selected based on research results by the Korea Transportation Institute that evaluate traffic sustainability of each local government. Gwacheon-si being one of the top ranked areas in sustainability, and Anseong-si being ranked at the 7th level were analyzed. By the tier 1 methodology, Gwacheon-si and Anseong-si are estimated to create 74,813ton/yr, and 584,125ton/yr of the greenhouse gas emission, respectively. The tier 3 methodology, however, estimates Gwacheon-si and Anseong-si to create 91,462ton/yr, and 163,801ton/yr of the emission, respectively. Comparison of the two estimated emissions shows considerable differences; i.e., the tier 3 method over estimates Gwacheon-si's emission by 22.3% whereas it underestimates Anseong-si's greenhouse gas emission by the factor of about 3.5 compared to the emissions obtained from the tier 1 method. The result from this study implies that the traffic-sustainability-index based grade of each local government can be evaluated differently by the method adopted for measuring greenhouse gas emission.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.478-486
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• 2021

This report demonstrates a method of generating a chair-side and computer-aided template for implant surgery based on the Top-Down and restoration-driven concept. Compared to the traditional CAD-CAM process which requires multiple steps to be taken between dental clinic and laboratory, this alternative procedure, VARO guide system (VARO Guide, CAD, Pre-Guide, VARO-mill, NeoBiotech, Seoul, South Korea) enables accurate and patient-friendly implant surgery as well as immediate provisional restoration in a single visit. First, bite-registration at centric jaw relation and CBCT were taken using the Pre-Guide. The CBCT data was then reorganized directly through the chair-side CAD, and we could determine the most appropriate 3-dimensional position of implant. The STL file was extracted and put into the chair-side CAM (VARO-mill) to fabricate a VARO. This surgical guide allowed the implants to be accurately positioned into the planned sites within an hour.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 1995

IEC and CISPR have continuously endeavored the measurement method of Immunity Test as international unification, but not established yet. The main reason is that the measurement method and the normalization of threshold to obtain the complicated parameters for Immunity Test are difficult. Thus, the Immunity Test Setups are used differently according to the measured electromagnetic environments. This study developed an Immunity Test System and Algorithm for measurement software suitable for IEC801-3 Regulatons using ready-made amplifier, signal generator, and developes interconnecting interface board interacting with other appratus i.e., RF Switch, Power Meter, Field Sensor and Pre-amp. We are to develope an automated software using Top/Down and OOP(Object Oriented Programming) method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.119-122
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• 2006

In this study, bottom-up type powder processing and top-down type SPD (severe plastic deformation) approaches were combined in order to achieve full density of 1 vol.% carbon nanotube (CNT)-metal matrix composites with superior mechanical properties by improved particle bonding and least grain growth, which were considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method using the conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. ECAP (equal channel angular pressing), the most promising method in SPD, was used for the CNT-Cu powder consolidation. The powder ECAP processing with 1, 2, 4 and 8 route C passes was conducted at room temperature. It was found by mechanical testing of the consolidated 1 vol.% CNT-Cu that high mechanical strength could be achieved effectively as a result of the Cu matrix strengthening and improved particle bonding during ECAP. The ECAP processing of powders is a viable method to achieve fully density CNT-Cu nanocomposites.