• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.419-437
• /
• 1998

Nurses use a nursing process. that is a scientific approach method. in order to understand the clients' condition and to solve their problems. Professional nurses have accepted the nursing process as a standard framework for nursing activities, and the first step of the nursing process is nursing assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing assessment tool for emergency patients. Assessment is a first step in the nursing process, and scientific assessment helps to better understand the patients. Thus the development of an assessment tool for emergency patients will improve of nursing quality and advance to efficacy of emergency room(ER) management. The study involved the development of a conceptual framework, preliminary tool, content validity verification process. and reliability verification process. The conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature. and preliminary tool was developed from the conceptual framework that based on care flow sheet' developed James A. Haley. The preliminary tool was evaluated for validity and reliability by seven experts, one ER nurse manager, two ER head nurses, two emergency medicine doctors. and two ER charge nurses and by ten nurses with one to five year careers in ER nursing. The results of this study was as follows 1. The conceptual framework which was developed was composed of three parts. They were triage criteria, first assessment and secondary assessment. 2. The preliminary tool which was developed had 31 items based on the conceptual framework. 3. To test expert validity a 4-point scale was used. items which had gained 3-4 points from six persons of the seven experts were selected. All 31 items from the preliminary tool were selected. 4. The reliability test was done by ten nurses educated in the use of the assessment tool. Two pairs of nurses simultaneously assessed the same patients. A total agreement percentile was calculated and result was 87.3% agreement. 5. After the validity and reliability testing. the final emergency patient nursing assessment tool was finalized with 31 items. and a check-list for the responses. This study concludes that the tool which was developed is both valid and reliable will advance quality care for emergency patients. This emergency nursing assessment tool was also found to be an adequate tool for assessment of emergency patients.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2003년도 ISIS 2003
• /
• pp.272-275
• /
• 2003

This paper presents the role and its function of Tool server. MPEG-21 means multimedia framework for delivery and consumption of multimedia which is being discussed in ISO/IEC 21000. A view of MPEC-21 aims to define multimedia framework to enable transparent use of multimedia resource across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities. MPEG-21 will enable all-electronic creation delivery and trade of digital multimedia content and transparent usage of various content types on network device. Therefore, we can provide access to information and services from almost anywhere at anytime with various terminals and networks. In order to support multimedia delivery chain that contains content creation, production, delivery and consumption, we need many standards(elements) for identify, describe, manage and protect the content. Thus, we define Digital Item Player(DIP), Digital Item Adaptation(DIA) server and Tool server as primary objects of MPEG-21 multimedia framework. DIP provides a function which creates and consumes Digital Item(DI) as a kind of a digital object by user. A DI contains both media resources and metadata including rights information. DIA server deals with the usage environment description schema of the user characteristics, terminal and network characteristics and natural environments. DIA server adapts the original DI to the usage environment description sent from the terminal and transmits the adapted DI to the terminal. Tool server searches for a tool requested from DIP or DIA and downloads the best tool to DIP or DIA server. In this paper, we present how Tool sewer is organized and is used among 2 primary objects. The paper is structured as followings: Section 1 briefly describes why MPEG-21 is needed and what MPEG-21 wants. We see requirement that tool server must equip functionally in section 2. The proposed tool server,its structure and its functionality are presented in section 3. Section 4 explains a scenario that tool server transmits tool to DIP and shows the experimental result. The paper concludes in section 5.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 1992

The purposes of this study were 1) to assess the currunt documentation system 2) to identify the problems in communication regarding to documentation 3) to develop new documentation system 4) to suggest effective communication channel using new documentation system Research was conducted by direct observation, chart review, staffs interview and servey. Results were as follows: 1) nursing care plans were not used in ongoing care 2) documentation format was primarily narrative and charting was time consuming 3) documentation did not reflect the nursing process 4) patient records were not used as effective communication tool between case manager and part time nurse 5) difficult access to patient record for nurse manager created inefficiency in coordinating 6) documentation of patient education did not describe the precise contents of education, and the responses of the patients and evaluation To solve these problems, new documentation format was developed. With new formats nurses : 1) use standardized care plan which contains nursing diagnosis, ecpected outcome, time frame for evaluation, flow sheet for updating the plans 2) leave one copy of care plan at patient home for mutual agreement with patent and communication among nursing staffs 3) carry one copy of care plan for updating 4) document and evaluate the patient education using education check list keeping in patient's home 5) document nursing process in focus charting visit report 6) carry one copy of visit report 7) have one copy of visit report which was deligated to part time nurses 8) use documentation in direct communication with part time nurse 9) use beeper and memo to promote communication

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.221-241
• /
• 2023

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of digital therapeutics for insomnia on sleep disorders and mental health improvement compared to the control group. Methods: Following the guidelines on systematic review(PRISMA, NECA), a literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, RISS, KISS, and KoreaMed using keywords. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Review Manager version 5.3 were used for risk of bias and effect size assessment. Results: Thirty eight RCT met criteria for inclusion. When compared against three control conditions, the digital therapeutics for insomnia was an effective intervention for improvement sleep disorders and mental health in comparison to waiting list and Patient-directed care with some intervention by medical staff. However, digital therapeutics for insomnia were no more effective than face-to-face CBT-I control group. Conclusion: The efficacy of digital therapeutics for insomnia was evaluated differently depending on the control group. Therefore, in phase 3 clinical trials for efficacy evaluation, it is necessary to review whether the control group has been properly established.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.93-106
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 이더넷 환경에서 ARP 스푸핑(spoofing) 기능을 이용하여 특정 컴퓨터들의 인터넷 사용을 소프트웨어적으로 차단할 수 있는 인터넷 차단기를 설계하고 구현하였다. 구현된 차단기에서는 ARP 스푸핑을 작동시키고 모든 패킷들이 관리자 컴퓨터로 보내지는 상황에서 그 패킷들을 본래 라우터로 전달하지 않고 폐기하는 방식으로 인터넷 차단기를 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 구현한 차단기는 차단 대상 컴퓨터들에 에이젼트(Agent)와 같은 별도의 프로그램 설치 없이 관리자 컴퓨터 단독으로 차단 기능이 가능하다. 또한 차단 대상 컴퓨터들을 수동으로 정해주는 것 뿐만 아니라 네트워크에 접속되어있는 컴퓨터들을 자동으로 인식하는 기능을 갖는다. 다수의 컴퓨터를 대상으로 한 실험 결과 컴퓨터 수에 관계 없이 ARP 스푸핑 메시지 발송 주기를 4초 미만으로 유지하면 인터넷 차단이 가능하였으며 ARP 스푸핑을 위한 추가적인 네트워크 부담은 무시할 정도인 것으로 파악되었다. 구현된 인터넷 차단기는 물리적으로 같은 스위치에 연결되어 있다면 모든 서브넷의 노드들을 인식할 수 있으며 서로 다른 서브넷의 컴퓨터들에 대해서도 인터넷 차단이 가능하다. 구현된 인터넷 차단기는 대학교 실습실에서 강의 중 인터넷 차단을 위한 도구로 및 망 관리를 위한 효율적인 도구로도 활용되고 있다.