• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-197
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• 1993

Tongue posture at rest position of Class III malocclusion is very important in malocclusion and phonation. Because Class III malocclusion shoves low tongue position, speech defect is commonly occured. This study was attempted to evaluate the correlationship between the tongue posture at rest position and during /s/ phonation and facial skeleton in centric occlusion. Thirty subjects with Class III malocclusion who had no orofacial defects such as cleft palate, medical history of neurologic pathology, hearing defect and any previous speech therapy were selected. Ninety sheets of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at rest position, during /s/ phonation and centric occlusion were traced, measured and statistically analysed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. In Class III malocclusion, the posture of tongue was positively correlated with the position of hyoid body. The hyoid body was positioned anteriorly and inferiorly as the vertical facial skeleton was increased in centric occlusion. 2. In Class III malocclusion, the vertical position of tongue tip at rest position was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion, but the horizontal position had low correlation with mandibular body length, APDI, and $\underline{1}$ to SN. 3. In Class III malocclusion, there was the tendency that the dorsal position of the tongue was lowered as the vertical facial skeleton was increased. 4. In Class III malocclusion, the vertical and horizontal position of tongue tip during /s/ phonation was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.263-266
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• 1973

The measuring tests on the rest position capacity and the tongue volume were conducted on the one hundred normal dental college students and staffs of Seoul National University in order to study the relationships between the est position Capacity and tongue volume. The results were as follows : 1) The correlation between the rest position capacity and tongue volume was hardly recognized. 2) The correlation between tongue volume and the weight was recognized. 3) Physiologic reflex was coused by the water injected in the mouth in the rest position. 4) Each correlation of the height and cheek thickness to the tongue volume was not recognized.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was aimed at measuring the changes in the hyoid bone position, tongue position, and pharyngeal airway space in subjects with mandibular setback osteotomies. Methods : Twenty patients were evaluated retrospectively for their changes in pharyngeal airway space, tongue and hyoid bone positions. All patients underwent surgical mandibular setback using bilateral sagittal split osteotomies. The cephalometric analysis was performed preoperatively, and 1 week, 3-6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Result : The hyoid bone moved inferiorly and posteriorly immediately after surgery, and it returned to the preoperative position during follow-up period. The nasopharyngeal airway space was not significantly changed after surgery. A considerable decrease in the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway spaces following mandibular setback surgery was found. The upper and lower tongue was posteriorly repositioned immediately after surgery. During follow-up period, the hypopharyngeal airway space and lower tongue posture returned to the preoperative positions, but the oropharyngeal airway space and upper tongue posture were not significantly changed. The position of pogonion remarkably changed to backward immediately after surgery, but slightly anterior advancement was found during follow-up period. Conclusion : Immediately after mandibular setback surgery, the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway spaces obviously decreased due to posterior and inferior repositions of the tongue and hyoid bone. During follow-up period, lower tongue and hyoid bone returned to the preoperative positions, it was related to advancement of the pogonion in this period. The narrowing of the oropharyngeal airway space and posterior movement of the upper tongue posture were relatively permanent after mandibular setback surgery. We suspected this phenomenon had an influence on maintaining the total volume of oral cavity against mandibular setback.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.317-327
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between low tongue position (LTP) and the volume and dimensions of the nasopharyngeal, retropalatal, retroglossal, and hypopharyngeal segments of the upper airway. Methods: A total of 194 subjects, including 91 males and 103 females were divided into a resting tongue position (RTP) group and a LTP group according to their tongue position. Subjects in the LTP group were divided into four subgroups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to the intraoral space volume. The 3D slicer software was used to measure the volume and minimum and average cross-sectional areas of each group. Airway differences between the RTP and LTP groups were analyzed to explore the association between tongue position and the upper airway. Results: No significant differences were found in the airway dimensions between the RTP and LTP groups. For both retropalatal and retroglossal segments, the volume and average cross-sectional area were significantly greater in the patients with extremely low tongue position. Regression analysis showed that the retroglossal airway dimensions were positively correlated with the intraoral space volume and negatively correlated with A point-nasion-B point and palatal plane to mandibular plane. Males generally had larger retroglossal and hypopharyngeal airways than females. Conclusions: Tongue position did not significantly influence upper airway volume or dimensions, except in the extremely LTP subgroup.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.476-490
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• 1991

Although various technical details of the surgical procedures have been improved, Skeletal relapse is the most noteworthy complication of orthognathic surgery. It seems to be an imbalance of the perioral muscular groups resulting from changes in the cavitas oris propria after surgery. Among other factors, it is widely known with the changes of tongue posture, as indicated by the hyoid position. Ten patients that had undergone mandibular setbacks by way of Modified Obwegeser method were evaluated retrospectively. The serial cephalometric films were taken preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, after removal of IMF, and at a subsequent long-term follow-up period. The cephalometric evaluation of tongue posture were based on stable craniofacial landmarks. The relation between the 2-dimensional changes of tongue posture and hyoid position and the relapse of mandibular setback are discussed. Anatomic changes that were found to accompany such setback are as follows. 1.There are 2 cases of relapse in 10 patients at long-term follow-up(20%) 2.The tongue was moved posteriorly and its size was reduced anteriorly and posteriorly at immediate postoperative change and then the mandible shifted slightly toward the preoperative position, but the long was adapted to its new environment due to changing the position of its posterior part, and also the hyoid that moved posterioly and inferiorly was stabilized sightly posteriorly than its original position. 3.On the distance change of the suprahyoid muscle, the distance of P-H, ST-H was increased at immediate postoperative change(p<0.01) and decreased at IMF period(p<0.001), but the distance of H-Me, H-Ge was slightly decreased at IMF and long-term period(p<0.05). 4.On the width change of the pharyngeal air way, the width of the upper part of the pharyngeal space was lightly contracted at IMF and long-term period(p<0.05). 5.On the relation between mandibular setback and tongue posture and hyoid position, the significant correlation was found between the changes of some parts of mandibular setback and those of tongue posture, and not found those of hyoid position.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1988

Adenoids 비인두폐쇄로 인해 구호흡이 유발된 6~12세의 아동 50명과 동일 연령분포의 정상아동 50명의 두부방사선 계측사진을 통해 Tongue, Mandible 및 Hyoid bone에 대한 수평, 수직 및 각도 계측에 대한 비교 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Tongue position은 실험 군에서 더 전하방 위치하는 것으로 관철되었다. 2. Mandibular position은 실험군에서 더 하방위치 하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 3. Hyoid bone의 위치는 실험군에서 더 전하방위치하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1986

The author studied 21 adenoid hypertrophied children and 50 normal children by the horizontal, vertical and angular measurements to analyze, the effects of the lymphadenoid hypertrophy to the tongue, mandible, and hyoid bone position. The results were as follows; 1. The tongue of the Adenoid hypertrophy children was positioned mon anterior and lower than that of the normal children. 2. The horizontal, vertical, and angular measurements of the mandible position were larger in the experimental group and especially ANS to ME, PNS to MP, PTM to MP, PP to MP, FOP to MP showed statistically significant difference. 3. The measurements of the hyoid bone position were also larger in the experimental group.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.487-498
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• 1998

이 연구는 하악전돌증의 하악후퇴수술후에 기도의 크기변화, 혀의 공간적 위치 및 형태변화,설골의 위치변화를 계측하여 이들의 순응양상을 관찰하기 위하여 시행되었다. 하악전돌증의 하악후퇴수술후 최소 6개월이상의 추적관찰기간중 임상적으로 양호한 수술결과를 보이는 37명을 대상으로 촬영한 수술직전, 수술직후 및 최소 6개월이상의 추적기간경과후에 촬영된 측모 두부 엑스선 규격사진을 연구자료로 하여 계측, 통계처리 및 분석을 통하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 비인두부와 후두인두부의 기도크기는 수술에 의한 변화가 없었으나, 구강인두부의 기도크기는 수술직후 경미한 감소를 보였고, 추적조사기간중에 감소상태로 순응하였다. 2. 두개저에 대한 설골의 위치는 수술직후 후하방이동하였고, 추적조사기간동안에 복귀되는 양상을 보였으나, 수술전에 비해 후하방이동된 위치에서 순응하였다. 설골에서 이극까지의 거리는 수술직후 감소하고, 추적조사기간중에도 계속 감소하는 순응양태를 보였다. 3. 두개저에 대한 혀의 위치는 혀의 배면이 수술직후 하방으로 이동하였다가, 추적조사기간중에 상방이동하여 원래의 위치에서 순응하였고, 수술직후 후퇴하여 그 위치에서 순응하였다. 혀의 후상방부는 수술직후 변화 없다가 추적조사기간에 상방으로 이동하여 순응하였고, 수술직후의 추적조사기간에 전후방적변화가 없었다. 설근부는 수술직후 에 후하방으로 이동하여 추적조사기간중 그 위치에서 순응하였다. 4. 혀의 형태변화는 설골에서 설배면까지의 거리가 수술직후 증가하였다가, 추적 조사기간에 감소하였으나, 수술전에 비하여 증가하였고, 설골에서 혀의 후상방부 및 설근부까지의 거리는 수술후 증가되어 추적조사기간중에 유지되었다. 5. 수술에 의한 하악골의 후방이동량은 기도, 혀 및 설골의 위치변화량 및 크기변화량과 전반적으로 상관성을 보이지 않았다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1996

Snorer와 정상인의 상기도 부위 연조직의 차이를 비교하며, 자세의 변화에 따른 snorer와 정상인의 상기도 부위 연조직 크기의 변화를 알아보고자 여성에서 snorer군 25명과 정상군 20명을 대상으로 직립위와 앙와위에서 측모 두부방사선 계측 사진을 촬영한 후 연구개, 혀 및 상기도에 관한 거리와 면적을 계측하고 통계학적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 곁과를 얻었다. 1. 직립위와 앙와위에서 snorer군은 정상군에 비해 혀의 길이가 길고 높이가 높았으며 기도가 좁고 길며 설골은 하방에 위치하였고 넓은 연구개와 좁은hypopharynx를 가졌다. 앙와위에서 snorer군은 이와 더불어 정상군보다 더 넓은 혀와 더 좁은 oropharynx를 가졌다. 2. 직립위에서 앙와위로 자세의 변화에 따라 정상군과 snorer군 모두에서 기도의 길이가 감소하였고 설골이 더 상방위치 되었다. snorer군에서는 이와 더불어 혀의 길이와 높이, 기도의 두께와 oropharynx 면적은 감소하였으며 혀와 연구개 면적은 증가하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1987

This study was conducted to clarify the relationship of hyoid bone position to tongue position and mandible when malocclusion is categorized in the bilateral and in the vertical components. Five groups of samples (normal occlusion, unilateral and bilateral cross-bite, openbite, deep-bite) were selected for his investigation by utilizing the cephalograms. On the basis study, the following conclusions were obtained; 1. In the normal group. the mean hyoid position (H-M) was $9.83{\pm}4.27mm$. The mean distance of hyoid body to tongue dorsum (H-T) was $52.17{\pm}6.70mm$. The ratio of H-M/H-T was $18.59\%$. 2. In all malocclusion groups, the hyoid position (H-M) was found to be larger than that of the norm except the deep overbite group 3. The tongue dorsum position (H-T) was increased, compared to that of norm, in all malocclusion groups. 4. Hyoid position (H-M) was found to show high correlation to the ratio of H-M/H-T, H-T, PI-T (0.890, 0.699, 0.455). 5. The hyoid position (H-M) was found to show low correlation to the measurements of mandible, but among them the ODI was found to show conversely a little higher correlation against hyoid position (H-M).