• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2019

In traditional Chinese medical (TCM) science, tongue images can be observed for medical diagnosis; however, the tongue diagnosis of TCM is influenced by the subjective factors of doctors, and the diagnosis results vary from person to person. Quantitative TCM tongue diagnosis can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and increase the application value. In this paper, digital image processing and pattern recognition technologies are employed on mobile device to classify tongue images collected in different health states. First, through grayscale integral projection processing, the trough is found to localize the tongue body. Then the tongue body image is transferred from RGB color space to HSV color space, and the average H and S values are considered as the color features. Finally, the diagnosis results are obtained according to the relationship between the color characteristics and physical symptoms.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of tongue color and the correlation of the tongue colors with clinical laboratory parameters. Methods : Statistical analysis on the frequency of each tongue color and the results of the clinical laboratory parameters in each tongue color group. Results : Tongue colors that appeared most frequently were 702c, 695c, 493c, 694c, 701c, 500c, 7432c, 7431c, 7634c, 7419c in that order. Following them, 494c and 507c were rarer colors, and 501c, 673c, 687c, 693c, 696c, 703c, 7418c were equally rarest colors. Among each tongue color group, a significant difference was found in the result of complete blood cell count (CBC). The level of red blood cell (RBC) of 7432c group was significantly higher than that of the other groups except 694c group. The level of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) of 7432c group were significantly higher than those of all the other groups. The level of RBC of 7431c group was lowest and significantly different from 694c, 7432c group. In results of the other tests were not significantly different. However the level of total cholesterol was higher in 695c, 694c, 500c group, and the level of triglyceride was higher in 500c, 7431c, 694c group. Those four colors have a low chroma and 7431c, 695c take blue violet color. Conclusions : The tongue color is distributed throughout following colors by order of frequency: 702c, 695c, 493c, 694c, 701c, 500c, 7432c, 7431c, 7634c, 7419c, 708c, 494c, 507c, 501c, 673c, 687c, 693c, 696c, 703c, 7418c. Some parameters of CBC has a significant correlation with some tongue colors. Other results including lipid profile, renal function test, and liver function test had no significant difference according to tongue color. However, the colors which have low chroma or take blue violet color tented to be higher in the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

The tongue diagnosis is a diagnostic method in the oriental medicine that uses shape, substance, coating, and movement of the tongue to determine the condition of health and disease characteristics in human. Since this information, however, could be affected by subjective sense and visual information, it is difficult to obtain the objective and reproducible results. This research aims at building a reproducible tongue diagnosis system using color chart that is attached close to the face contact region. The picture of color chart is taken simultaneously with a tongue and applied to color revision. The system, in addition, is focused on providing a clear tongue image through securing a sufficient photographing distance with a surface coating mirror. The lightning part which can suppress the reflection by sputum in maximum is implemented for the objectification and quantification of the tongue diagnosis system. The face contact region is designed for consideration of a testee's convenience. To evaluate the reproducibility of the system, the CVs (coefficient of variance, %) of $L{\ast}$, $a{\ast}$ and $b{\ast}$ of red, green and blue regions in color chart are calculated, respectively. The results of all CVs shows that the tongue diagnosis system is re liable and those consequences contribute to the objectification and quantification of the tongue diagnosis system.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2018

Objectives: In this study, the tongue features of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) were compared with those of healthy controls. Methods: This prospective, case-control study was conducted on patients with FD and controls recruited at a single center. After screening, the subjects were allocated to the patient or control groups (patients=42, controls=40). Tongue images were acquired using a computerized tongue image acquisition system (CTIS). An independent t-test was conducted to compare the measurements from patients and controls. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine significant differences between the two groups after adjusting for age and sex. Results: The CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area was significantly lower in the patients with FD than in the controls (p=0.001). The tongue coating ratios were also significantly higher in the FD group than in the control group (p=0.003). We found that the CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area and the tongue coating ratios were significant predictive factors in both groups, based on binary regression analysis (p=0.016, 0.044, respectively). Conclusions: This study found that FD was significantly associated with CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area and tongue coating ratios. We suggest that these factors could be used as objective indicators of FD.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 미각영역별 색상분석에 의한 새로운 한의학적 설진 시스템을 제안한다. 시스템의 전체 구성은 혀 모양의 영상입력 탬플릿 범위 설정 및 영상획득, 미각영역별 분할, 분할된 영역에 대하여 H-S 히스토그램을 이용한 색상분석 및 이상 유무 판별, 모바일 앱과의 연동으로 구성된다. 혀 영역으로부터 짠맛, 신맛, 단맛, 쓴맛의 네 가지 영역으로 나누어 분할하고, RGB 컬러영상을 HSI 컬러영상으로 변환하였다. 색상분석은 HSI 모델을 이용하였는데, 주변 조도의 영향을 최소화하기 위하여 I(Intensity)값을 제외한 H(Hue)와 S(Saturation) 성분의 히스토그램을 이용하여 색상을 분석하였다. 분석된 결과를 이용하여 정상태 히스토그램의 범위를 기준으로 이상 유무를 판별한다. 마지막으로 제안한 알고리즘을 모바일 앱과 연동하여, 시간과 장소에 구애받지 않고 사용할 수 있는 설진 자가진단 시스템을 제안하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.212-221
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• 1999

Tongue examination is the most unique and important diagnostic method of oriental medicine. It reveals patients condition and give some information about direction of therapy and background of disease as well as produces clue of duration of disease changing that grasps it from outside. The aims of this study show that results of tongue examination is related to somewhat special pattern. we study 27 patients(age of means: 63.01 years old, male: 14, female: 13) who come to Wonkwang University Oriental-Medicine Hospital at Chonju with diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus complications. Tongue colors of this study result in pale-red 8 cases, pale 6 cases, red 6 cases, crimson 5 cases, blue-green-purple 2 cases and tongue fur of this study result in white-fur 16 cases, yellow-fur 7 cases, black-fur 1 case, none-fur 3 cases. And the condition of tongue fur with grimy and thin result in thin-white-fur 12 cases, white-grimy-fur 4 cases, thin-yellow-fur 5 cases, grimy-yellow-fur 2 cases, black-fur 1 case. Means level of fasting glucose during 7 days was $223.24{\pm}32.l7mg/dl$ and postprandial 2hours was $286.37{\pm}24.54mg/dl$ There were no changes in tongue body and tongue color but changes occur in tongue fur with 9cases in this period. 5 cases of patient make a difference between FBS(fasting blood glucose) and postprandial blood glucose level more than l00mg/dl (2 cases of patient with thin-white-fur gradually turned to slight-yellow-fur. There were no changes in 2 cases of patient with crimson-none-fur and pale-white-fur. 1 case of patient with slimy-yellow-fur turned to black fur.) 11 cases of patient had lesser than $10\%$ hemoglobin $A_lC$ and tongue color of these patient were pale-red 5cases, pale 2 cases, red 2 cases, crimson 2 cases. 16 cases of patient had more than $10\%$ Hemoglobin $A_1C$ and tongue color of these patients were pale-red 3 cases, pale 4 cases, red 4 cases, crimson 3 cases, blue 2 cases. This result shows that quantity of Hemoglobin $A_1C$ make a somewhat role in tongue color. The above results show that tongue color, fur color, condition and change of fur in diabetes mellitus patients is various in pale-red, pale, crimson, none-fur. So it is difficult to give an exact diagnosis on pathology of diabetes mellitus only with tongue examination because there are a little matches between blood glucose level, prevalence-period, short-term blood glucose regulation and tongue and fur colors.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.945-961
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• 2019

Tongue diagnosis is one of the most important diagnostic methods in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Tongue image segmentation aims to extract the image object (i.e., tongue body), which plays a key role in the process of manufacturing an automated tongue diagnosis system. It is still challenging, because there exists the personal diversity in tongue appearances such as size, shape, and color. This paper proposes an innovative segmentation method that uses image thresholding, gray projection and active contour model (ACM). Specifically, an initial object region is first extracted by performing image thresholding in HSI (i.e., Hue Saturation Intensity) color space, and subsequent morphological operations. Then, a gray projection technique is used to determine the upper bound of the tongue body root for refining the initial object region. Finally, the contour of the refined object region is smoothed by ACM. Experimental results on a dataset composed of 100 color tongue images showed that the proposed method obtained more accurate segmentation results than other available state-of-the-art methods.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2013

Objectives This study was designed to: (1) investigate the clinical feature of tongue diagnosis, (2) make an observation of significant changes in tongue diagnosis according to the patient's physical condition and laboratory result and (3) identify clinical efficacy of tongue diagnosis. Methods 300 patients' tongue diagnosis results were analyzed and the patients were divided to each group according to the physical condition and laboratory result. Then, chi-square test was performed to assess statistical significance between tongue diagnosis results of each group. Results As a result of analyzing the spread of tongue diagnosis according to the patient's physical condition and laboratory result, 18 groups had statistical significance related to specific tongue color and tongue coating. Conclusions Even if there would be possible misinterpretations in one-to-one match between the tongue diagnosis and certain diseases, we identified that tongue diagnosis results were changed somewhat related to patient's physical condition with some tendency and tongue diagnosis could be used for meaningful clinical diagnostic tool.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제14B권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 웹 기반의 의료 정보를 제공하기 위한 한방 진단 시스템 중 얼굴형 및 혀 영역 추출, 설색 분석 방법에 대해 제안한다. 이는 초 고령화 사회를 맞아 의료 혜택의 대중화와 보편화가 사회적 요구 사항으로 대두되고 있으며 이를 IT 기술로 구현하기 위해 웹 기반의 망진 및 설진을 이용한 의료 정보를 제공하는 시스템을 구축하고자 한다. 통상 인체의 생체 신호를 반영하여 나타내어 주는 곳은 홍채나 혀, 오관 등이 있다. 이 중 본 논문은 개발하고자 하는 웹 기반의 질병 진단 중 관형과 찰색을 위한 얼굴형의 분류, 오관 영역의 주출과 영양분할 그리고 인간의 생체 신호가 집약적으로 나타나 있는 혀에 대해 설색을 추출하는 방법 등에 대해 제안하고자 한다. 끝으로 실험에 의해 제안한 방법의 유용성을 입증하고자 한다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2001

A clinical observation by the tongue change as a diagnostic method was made on 36 week children visited to Dongeui Oriental Medical Hospital from August. 2001 to December 2001 and the observed results were summarized as follows. 1. Their symptoms have been observed with sequences of Resparatory diseases, Digestive, Neuromotor, Psycho-neurological, Urogenital diseases 2. Distribution of sex : male 22 cases, female 14 cases 3. Distribution of age : 0-6 years 24 cases, 7-18 years 12 cases 4. The texture of tongue was resulted in tongue color in pink-28 cases, red-8 case, and shape in thin-18 cases, swelling-6 cases, a fissured patten-5 cases, a prickly patten-4 cases, and a map patten-3 cases, and fur of the tongue in thin-26 cases, moisten-8 cases, deep-2 cases, and coating color of the tongue in thin and whitish-15 cases, thin and yellowish-9 cases, lack-8 cases, deep and whitish-4 cases. 5. The texture of tongue in connection with weak children was come out mostly normal state and the rest red color, a fissured patten, a prickly patten, deep coating, thin and yellowish etc appeared to cause of slight damage due to exogenous pathogenic fators and due to internal injury.