• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.522-528
• /
• 2018

통일형 중생종 '새미면'은 가공업체의 가격경쟁력 및 가공적성에 대한 요구에 부흥하기 위하여 개발된 아밀로스 함량이 높은 쌀국수 전용품종이다. 내병성 등 재배 안정성 및 수량성을 개량하기 위하여 $IR50^*2$/YR18241-B-B-115-1-1 계통에 초다수 성인 '밀양181호(한아름)'을 삼원 교잡한 후 잡종집단 육성 및 선발 등 계통관리를 하였다. 2010년 국립식량과학원에서 생산력 검정시험 결과 초다수성이며 직립형인 YR24235-10-1-3 계통을 선발하여 '밀양278호'로 명명한 후 중부 및 남부 평야지 6개소에서 지역적응성시험을 수행하였다. '새미면'의 출수기는 8월 12일로 중생종이며 도열병, 줄무늬잎마름병, 및 흰잎마름병(K1-K3a)에 저항성이고 벼멸구 등 주요 해충에는 감수성이다. '새미면'은 쌀국수 및 쌀파스타 제조에 중요한 요소인 아밀로스함량이 26.7%이며 알카리붕괴도가 3.5로 낮은 특성을 보였다. '새미면'은 쌀수량이 7.08 MT/ha로서 대비품종인 '다산'에 비해 6% 높았으며, 남부 및 중부 평야지에 적합한 품종이다.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2010

국내에서 육성된 178개 품종을 이용하여 12개 이삭형질에 대한 검토 결과는 다음과 같다. 통일형이 자포니카형보다 이삭길이는 길었고 이삭목은 두꺼웠다. 또한 수당립수, 총지경수, 2차 지경수, 2차 지경 총립수, 2차 지경 평균립수 및 1차 지경당 2차 지경수 각각에서 많았다. 반면에 자포니카형이 통일형보다 이삭추출은 양호하였고 1차 지경 평균립수도 약간 많았다. 12개 이삭형질 값을 가지고 평균 연결법을 이용하여 178개 품종을 대상으로 군집분석을 한 결과 4개 그룹으로 분류할 수 있었다. Group I은 자포니카형 133품종, Group II는 자포니카형 24품종, 통일형 6품종, Group III은 자포니카 1품종, 통일형 11품종, Group IV에는 농안벼가 포함되었다. 12개 이삭형질간 상관관계를 분석한 결과 이삭목 두께는 이삭길이, 2차 지경 총립수 및 수당립수와 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 수당립수는 총지경수, 2차 지경 총립수, 2차 지경수, 1차 지경당 2차 지경수, 2차 지경 평균립수와 정의 상관을 보였다. 총지경수는 2차 지경수, 수당립수, 2차 지경 총립수, 1차 지경당 2차 지경수와 정의 상관을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.434-439
• /
• 2008

The amount of salt to make seed sorting solution of the specific gravity of 1.13 was reconsidered and determined as 3.8 kg salt in 18 L water, which is lower amount than currently used. Five rice cultivars were examined. Percent germination and seedling emergence were not similar. Seedling emergence rate of Japonica varieties, Nampyungbyeo and Daerypbyeo-1 were 87% and 95% under specific gravity of 1.13, respectively. Seedling emergence rate of Tongil type variety, Dasanbyeo was as high as 67% in specific gravity of 1.06. Seedling emergence rate of waxy rice, Hwasunchalbyeo and Aranghangchalbyeo were examined. Seedling emergence rate was 94% in both cultivars in specific gravity of 1.04. Seedling emergence rate was same in specific gravity of 1.08 which is generally used for selecting seed currently. Early growth (plant height, leaf number, and dry weight) were not significantly different by specific gravity within species. In all cultivars except waxy rice, highest seedling emergence rate was observed in specific gravity of 1.13 which is currently used for selection and decreased as specific gravity is lowed. However, considering total amount of seeds in each group of specific gravity, amount of seed in lower specific gravity group is relatively small and total seedling emergence rate within variety dose not show big difference. However, if seeds with low speicific gravity are produced due to the bad grain filling condition and consequently total seed content of low specific gravity increases, results will be differnt. Reduction in total growth and yield could occur. It will be important to comply with the seed sorting criterion of 1.13 for Japonica, 1.06 for Tongil, and 1.04 for waxy rice variety to ensure the maximum rice growth and yield.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 1979

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 수도(水稻)의 파종(播種) 및 이앙기(移秧期)를 달리하고 시비량(施肥量)에 차이(差異)있는 조건(條件)에서 Japonica계(系) 품종(品種)과 통일계품종(統一系品種)을 대상(對象)으로 생육시기별(生育時期別) 수도체(水稻體)의 형성(形成)과 영양상태(營養狀態)를 주요성분(主要成分)의 화학분석(化學分析)을 통(通)하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하고 소요(所要) 삼요소량(三要素量)을 추정(推定)하며 이들과 수도(水稻)의 수량(收量)및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)와의 관계(關係)를 해명(解明)하여 안정(安定)된 증수(增收)를 위한 시비기술(施肥技術)의 기초적자료(基礎的資料)를 확립(確立)하고저 설계(設計)되었으며 그의 일부(一部)로서 수량(收量) 및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)에 미치는 영향에 대하여 얻은 결과(結果)를 보고(報告)한다. 1. 간장(稈長)은 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 커지는 경향(傾向)이었으며 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 보통시비구(普通施肥區)와 다량시비구간(多量施肥區間)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 2. 수장(穗長)은 무비구(無肥區)에 비(比)하여 보비(普肥)및 다비구(多肥區)가 높았으나 그 경향(傾向)은 현저(顯著)하지는 않았다. 3. 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 수수(穗數)도 증가(增加)하였으며 Japonica형(型) 품종(品種)이 통일계(統一系)의 것보다 큰 반응(反應)을 보였다. 4, 수당입수(穗當粒數)는 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 무비(無肥)에 비(比)하여 보비(普肥)및 다비구(多肥區)에서 현저(顯著)히 높았으며 Japonica형(型) 품종(品種)에서는 그 변이폭(變異幅)이 좁았다. 5. 1,000입중(粒重)은 적기이앙(適期移秧)에서는 시비수준간(施肥水準間)에 유의성(有意性)이 없었으나 만기이앙(晩期移秧)의 경우에는 점차(漸次) 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이 있다. 6. 등숙율(登熟率)은 적기이앙(適期移秧)에서는 질소수준간(窒素水準間), 품종간(品種間)의 어느 경우에도 유의성(有意性)이 없었으나 만기이앙(晩期移秧)에서는 질소수준간(窒素水準間) 및 품종간(品種間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 7. 수량(收量)에 대하여는 질소(窒素)의 수준간(水準間), 품종간(品種間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)을 보였으며 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 다비구(多肥區)보다 보비구(普肥區)에서 더 높은 수량(收量)을 보였다. 8. 고중(藁重)은 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 커지는 경향(傾向)을 보여 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 보비구(普肥區)와 다비구간(多肥區間)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.351-359
• /
• 1991

우리나라에서의 미곡의 유통은 통일계와 일반계는 구분되어 이루어지고 있으나 식미가 다른 품종간에는 대부분 구분되지 않고 혼합되어 관리ㆍ유통되고 있다. 그러나 쌀의 식미는 품종간에 차이가 크고 국민들은 양식미쌀을 선호하므로 저식미쌀에 찹쌀, 또는 고식미쌀을 일정비율 혼합하여 식미향상효과를 얻을 수 있는지와 밥맛이 다른 품종들의 쌀을 일정비율로 혼합했을 때 밥맛에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 시료는 1987년 및 1989년산 통일계벼, 1990년 고성 및 부여산 일반계, 1989년산 통일계 삼강벼. 일반계낙동벼. 1990년산 추청벼, 동진벼 및 진부10호를 식미관능검사 1주일 전에 12분게로 도정하여 사용하였고 시판되는 최고가의 이천쌀과 일반계 찹쌀 상품을 공시하였으며, 식미관능검사는 국립농산물검사소 검사반과 작물시험장 미질 검정실에 의해 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다 1. 저식미찰(일반계)에 시판 고식미쌀을 중량비 80%까지 혼합하여도 식미향상은 없었으나 동진벼쌀(고식미)을 80% 혼합했을 때에는 동진벼쌀과 동등한 평점을 얻는 식미향상효과가 있었다. 중식미쌀에 시판 시판 고식미쌀을 80% 혼합한 경우는 식미가 크게 향상되었다. 2 식미가 불량한 통일계 고미('87, ＇89년산)에 시판되는 일반계 찹쌀상품을 20% 혼합하였을 때 식미가 향상되었으나, 중하위 식미의 통일계 중상위 식미의 일반계쌀에는 찹쌀 20% 혼합시에도 유의적 효과가 인정되지 않았다. 3. 중위 및 상위 식미품종인 낙동벼, 동진벼, 추청벼 간 여러가지 비율로 혼합한 경우 단일품종과 비교하여 일정한 경향의 유의적 식미 변화가 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1993

우리나라 주요 벼 재배품종 및 신육성계통(자포니카: 25품종, 통일형:8품종)에 대한 쌀 알칼리 붕괴성의 품종적 특이성을 분시검토하여 보고자 KOH 농도를 0.8-1.8까지 0.2% 간격으로 처리하여 농도별 쌀의 알칼리 붕괴반응을 조사하고 주성분분석법을 적용하여 품종적 유형을 분류하였다. 주성분분석에서 상위 2개 주성분치의 변이가 전변이량의 92%을 차지하였고 제1 및 제2 주요분치 좌표상의 품종분포에 따라 크게 4개 유형으로 군집화 시킬 수 있었다. 제 I 군에서는 전 KOH 농도에 걸쳐 거의 비슷하게 알칼리 붕괴성(ADV)가 낮은 도봉벼만 유일하게 분포하였고, 제 II군에는 1.4% KOH 농도에서 중간정도의 ADV 이면서 고-저 알칼리 농도 ADV간차가 중도인 백운찰벼, 신선찰벼 및 수원 34002 등 찰벼가 포함되어 있었다. 제 III군에는 1.4% KOH 농도에서 중-중고의 ADV 이면서 저-고 KOH 농도간 ADV 변화가 심했던 대부분의 통일형 품종과 자포니카 조생계가 분포되어 있었고 육도농림찰 001와 한강 찰벼등은 이 유형에 포함되어 있었다. 제 IV군에는 1.4% KOH 농도에서 ADV가 중고이상으로 높으면서 고-저 알칼리 농도 ADV간차가 중-중고인 중생 및 중만생 자포니카 품종들이 주로 분포 하였으며 조생인 금조벼가 이 유형에 속하였다. 여기서 제 1 주성분은 전 알칼리 농도에서 평균적으로 표현되는 붕괴성 정도였고 제 2 주성분은 저-고 KOH 농도의 ADV간 차 또는 KOH 농도에 따른 ADV 변화의 회귀계수와 밀접하게 관련된 요소였다. 1.2%-1.4% KOH 농도에서의 ADV는 저-고 KOH 농도간 ADV차와 2차 곡선 회귀계수를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.10-24
• /
• 1979

It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist\ulcornerure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres\ulcornerhing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr\ulcorneresher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.9-9
• /
• 1979

It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist?ure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres?hing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr?esher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 1982

The binders introduced in Korea were originally designed to be used for Japonica-type varieties which have relatively long stem and are highly resistant to shattering. In order to use it for Tongil varieties which are short and easy to be shattered, mechanical modifications are necessary to reduce a grain loss incurred during binder operation. This study was intended to investigate analytically and experimentally the major sources of grain losses caused by three kinds of binders now introduced in Korea. Actual modification for each of three binders was done and experimentally compared to see if any improvement on grain loss was achieved. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows; 1. It was required that the power transmission of binder should have a shifting mechanism so that velocities of pick-up and traveling units could be changed independently as desired according to the Japonica-type and Tongil varieties. In other words, the desired velocity of traveling unit should be obtained by shifting the transmission and the velocity of pick-up unit should be selected by reaping clutch according to the variety independent of the velocity of traveling unit as shown in Fig. 6. 2. To reduce grain loss it was desired that the moving parts of the pick-up unit should have the lowest possible velocities in harvesting Tongil varieties, unless the reduction of the speed be hindered the conveyance of the material. Based on the study, it was concluded that the velocities of pick-up unit be reduced by about 35% of those of the existing units. 3. It was found that the lug at the upper rotating section of pick-up case gave a severe impact on the ears of rice to increase grain loss. The optimum design of pick-up case to protect the ears from the protruding part of the lug was recommended by the result of analysis of the trajectory of the end-point of lug at the position. 4. It was proved analytically and experimentally that pick-up unit at the lower-rotating part was the other important source of grain loss in pick-up and divider assembly. In order to reduce a grain loss incurred by lugs at their lower-rotating section, it was suggested to improve it by (1) widening the space between right and left lower-rotating section, (2) shortening the length of lugs, (3) enlargement of the angle between the pick-up case and ground-level, and (4) attaching guard to right and left dividers so that the rotating lug could not give a high impact to the paddy hill. 5. Pick-up and divider assembly of the original binder of three models studied was modified according to the suggestions that were given by the preliminary study. Field test showed that the modified binders were able to reduce grain losses by about 0.4-0.7 percentage points compared to those without modification.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 1982

1961-1980년의 20개년간 수도 재배면적은 거의 일정하였으나 생산량은 1961년의 3,462.6천t에서 1977년의 6,0056.천t까지 73.4%가 증가되었는데 이는 재배기술의 개선과 더불어 다수성 통일성 품종의 육성 보급에 힘입은 바 크다 할 것이다. 그러나 1978년 통일형 품종의 도열병 신균계에 대한 리병화와 더불어 계속된 이상기상으로 하여 1980년의 생산량은 1960년대 수준으로 떨어지므로서 수도작은 새로운 국면에 처하게 되었다. 한편 통일품종이 육성 보급된 1971년을 전후한 20개년 생산성은 계속 증가되어 왔으나 농가와 시험연구기관간에 수량차이는 1960-1971년의 79kg/10a에서 1972-1980년의 101kg/10a으로 점차로 커져왔고, 또한 동기간중 지역간 차이도 50-60kg/10a과 80kg/10a으로 더 커지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 품종의 생산능력을 증대시키므로서 전체 생산성의 상한선은 제고하였지만 절대편차는 변화시키지 못하였음을 입증해주고 있다. 그간의 생산성 증가에 있어서 품종적 요인이 40%이고 기술적 요인을 13%로 추정할 경우 나머지 47%는 품종과 기술외적인 요인으로 볼 수 있을 것인데 이에 대하여는 최근 사회적, 생산기반조성 및 환경개선 등 여러 각도에서 집중적으로 논의되어왔다. 물론 재배환경의 균일화나 재배기술의 평준화는 기대하기 어려운 요인이라 하더라도 농가수량과 시험장수량과의 차이 20%, 지역간 차이 20%를 가능한 줄이는 방향으로 노력해 간다면 현재의 품종 생산능력과 기술수준으로서도 상당한 정도의 증수를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이와 같은 효과를 기대하기 위하여는 다음과 같은 요인들이 착실하게 지속적으로 실천되어져야 할 것이다. 첫째, 품종의 생산능력 증대와 재해 저항성 증진을 위한 육종사업과 재배기술개선을 위한 수도의 생리ㆍ생태적 기초연구의 강화. 둘째, 안정된 생산기반 조성 특히 지력증진과 관배수시설을 위한 지속적 노력. 셋째, 농민들의 생산의욕 고취를 위한 안정된 정책적 뒷받침. 넷째, 장기계획 수립을 위한 정확한 통계조사 등이라 하겠다.