• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.14-35
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• 2021

This study compares and analyzes the designs of Burberry creative directors, Christopher Bailey and Riccardo Tisci. For this purpose, 322 photographs (176 Christopher Bailey and 146 Riccardo Tisci) were collected and the data analysis criteria were classified into color, shape, material, decoration, item, and fashion style. With respect to the data analysis method, statistical analysis and content analysis were combined. First, the design characteristics of Christopher Bailey top and bottom combined bright tone, tone-in-tone color scheme, H-line, heterogeneous material combination, and smart casual appeared very frequently. Second, the design characteristics of Riccardo Tisci top and bottom combined were monotone, tone-on-tone color scheme, H-line, heterogeneous material combinations, and street culture. Third, the design differences between creative directors were significantly different in color, tone, color arrangement, pattern, material type, material combination, detail, top and bottom items, and fashion style. Burberry men's wear maintains Burberry's traditional design identity with achromatic colors, beige-based colors, and beige checks. Christopher Bailey's design direction is characterized by modernity in a casual mood that emphasizes practicality. The design direction of Riccardo Tisci is characterized by a wide gap between images in a semi-formal style that emphasizes Burberry's tradition and a free-spirited casual style.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.709-725
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• 2021

The study focused on the design features of Chanel and Fendi, directed by Carl Lagerfeld, creative director of Chanel and Fendi until his recent death. The range of the study was from the 2017 S/S Collection to the 2019 F/W Collection, which collected a total of 767 fashion photographs, including 483 Chanel, 284 Fendi, with tops, bottoms and dresses at VOGUE (https://www.vogue.com). According to the data analysis criteria organized based on prior research and related literature, it was classified in the order of form, color, material, pattern, decoration, fashion image, item and coordination, and content analysis was conducted based on statistical analysis. Overall, the design characteristics of the Chanel collection, directed by Karl Lagerfeld, were rectangle form, tone in tone coloring, combination of identical materials, geometric patterns, and classical images as the main design characteristics of the Chanel collection. The design characteristics shown in the Fendi collection directed by Karl Lagerfeld were rectangle form, tone in tone coloration, hard material combination, abstract pattern, and total coordination. Comparing the design features of Chanel and Fendi, directed by Karl Lagerfeld, is as follows. Chanel and Fendi's designs show a lot of rectangle form, tone-in-tone colors, hard-materials and combination of the same material.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1007-1019
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of achromatic shirt and chromatic tie combination on image of menswear. This experiment was designed by shirt color(N9, N7, N4, N2), tie color(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple), tie tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 96 upper body photographs and 26 7-point bi-polar adjectives were used to evaluate the image. The subjects of this research were 480 male and 480 female college students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 4 image factor: potency, activity, attractiveness, and visibility. Shirt color, tie color, tie tone influenced on the 4 image dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. Dull or dark tone tie had an effect on the formation of potency image. And white color shirt, vivid or light tone tie had an effect on the formation of activity image. White or black shirt had a positive effect on attractiveness, and black shirt or vivid tone tie was effective for visible image.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.2 s.67
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• pp.311-325
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing style(formal, casual), clothing tone(N9, N7, N4, N2) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 128 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, clothing style, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 768 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 5 different components, attractiveness, stability, cuteness, visibility, and tenderness. In the 5 image components, clothing style and clothing tone showed independent effect. In the stability, cuteness and visibility, lipstick color showed independent effect. Eyeshadow color and lipstick tone influenced independently on the attractiveness, stability and visibility. In the coordination of achromatic clothing with makeup face, attractiveness image by the coordination of lipstick tone with clothing tone, cuteness image by the coordination of lipstick tone with clothing style or clothing style with clothing tone, visibility image can be produced by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-44
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 64 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 384 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components (attractiveness, visibility, gracefulness, and tenderness). In the 4 image components, eyeshadow color and clothing tone showed independent effect. Lipstick tone influenced independently on the visibility and tenderness. In the contrast color coordination of clothing and makeup, visibility image by the coordination of lipstick color with lipstick tone, lipstick color with clothing tone or lipstick tone with clothing tone, gracefulness image by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color, tenderness image can be produced by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color, eyeshadow color with lipstick tone or eyeshadow color with clothing tone.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.355-366
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eye shadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark) and clothing tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli consisted of 64 color photos manipulated with the combination of eye shadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 384 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam Province. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components: attractiveness, visibility, cuteness, and stability. Eye shadow color, lipstick tone and clothing tone independently influenced on visibility, cuteness, and stability. Lipstick color independently influenced on the stability. In color coordination of clothing and makeup of the same hue, 1) visibility image can be created by the coordination of eye shadow color with lipstick color or clothing tone, or lipstick color with lipstick tone. 2) Cuteness image can be produced by the coordination of eye shadow color with lipstick or clothing tone, lipstick color with lipstick or clothing tone. 3) Stability image can be showed by the coordination of eye shadow color with lipstick tone.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.91-97
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to identify the color combination characteristic and to find out the characteristics of color tones in interior environments of Korean traditional houses. The results of the interior color combination analysis, it was revealed that contrast was the most dominant in architectural elements color. In the furniture, graduation, contrast and analogous harmony were mainly used. Single color harmony, analogous harmony, complementary harmony were the dominant color combination characteristics in interior accesories. Color tones of architectural elements were dull and light(pale, light grayish, light grayish) and color tones of furniture were dark and dull(dull, dark, dark grayish). However, interior accessories of an-bang show wide range of color tones raging vivid to dark tone, while sarang-bang accessories have tendency to soft, gray and dull tones. Therefore, the color tones of an-bang and sarang-bang elements show clear differences.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.206-207
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• 2003

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.520-523
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• 2009

The drive towards lowering costs and increasing frame rates results in new panel designs and thereby new photomasks designs. One common way to reduce cost is to reduce the number of production steps. For this multi tone photomasks (MTM) are needed. MTMs contain more information and increases photomask placement requirements. Increasing frame rates lead to shrinking geometries. The combination of HTM and shrinking geometries drastically increases the requirements imposed on the pattern generators used to print the photomasks. New methods are therefore needed to enable future photomask manufacturing. This paper introduces three advanced image quality enhancing methods.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2009

This study aims to characterize the sensibility image and interaction effect of striped necktie according to same-tone coordination and 1:2:3 area-ratio variation on the gender. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli consist of 56 color pictures manipulated with every combination of 4 different colors, 2 different tones and 7 different area-ratio. The 7-point scale designed for visual evaluation of sensibility image included 26 bipolar adjectives. The subjects were 1344 undergraduate students in Gyeongnam, Seoul, Busan, and Daegu areas. The results of this study were as follows. The analyses of sensibility images in terms of same-tone coordination and 1:2:3 area-ratio variation of stripe necktie reveal that the concerned factors are of five characteristic dimensions of attractiveness, youth-activity, appeal, ability, and warmness. In the 5 factors of sensibility image, color combination and tone showed independent effect. In addition, significant interaction effects of area-ratio and tone on appeal and ability were found. Interaction effects of gender and area-ratio on youth-activity were found. Interaction effects of gender and tone on warmness were found. Interaction effects of color combination and tone on appeal and warmness were found. The study results are highly expected to be used as useful sources in developing men's coordination.