• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.15-30
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of makeup, clothing tone and clothing style on wearer's with same color coordination of lipstick and clothing. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales (7-point scale semantic). The stimuli were 64 color pictures were manipulated by computer simulation. This experiment design was $2{\times}2{\times}4{\times}4$ factorial design. The stimuli were a set of eyeshadow color(brown), clothing style (formal style of Jacket / skirt and casual style of cardigan / pants), lipstick and clothing color (red and orange), lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull and dark), clothing tone(vivid, light, dull and dark). The subjects of this research were 384 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. The investigation was carried out at a lecture hall at the time between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. in May 2006. The data were analyzed using SPSS program. Factor analysis, 4-way ANOVA, t-test, and Duncan test were used as analysis methods. Image factors according to variation of clothing style, clothing color, and makeup color are composed of 4 different dimensions (visibility, attractiveness, tenderness, and stability). In dimension of the visibility, the image was perceived to be glowing and luxurious regardless of lipstick tone and lipstick color in the case of the vivid tone clothing. According to the variation of clothing style, clothing color and tone, makeup color composed of eyeshadow color, lipstick color and tone, it was investigated that the images for a clothing wearer were expressed diversely, were shown differently in image dimensions, and could be produced to different images. The analysis data for images according to the combination of makeup and clothing color, tone, and style thus provide basic material for image consulting or color coordination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.7 s.155
• /
• pp.1012-1024
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of color, shirt tone, tie tone, perceiver's gender on impression formation by applying tone on tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 32 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). We unified those colors of shirts and neckties same, then made shirt and necktie tone differently. 27 bi-polar adjectives, each of which was graded into seven in its degree, were used to evaluate the impression. The subjects of this research were 192 male and 192 female college students in Gyeongnam province including Jinju City. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 5 impression dimension. - potency, activity, attractiveness, visibility and tenderness. Color, shirt tone, tie tone, and perceiver gender influenced on 5 impression formation by interaction as well as independently. Blue tie with vivid, light or dull tone had an effect on the formation of potency impression, vivid or light tone of shirt affected activity regardless of color or tie tone. As shirt and tie had different tone, effect on the formation of attractiveness impression, light tone had a negative effect on visibility but positive effect on tenderness. red color were more effective than blue expressed on visibility and tenderness in shirt or tie.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 1999

In this paper we propose a new mixed method of LDA and tri-tone model to predict Korean prosodic break indices(PBI) for a given utterance. PBI can be used as an important cue of syntactic discontinuity in continuous speech recognition(CSR). The model consists of three steps. At the first step, PBI was predicted with the information of syllable and pause duration through the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method. At the second step, syllable tone information was used to estimate PBI. In this step we used vector quantization (VQ) for coding the syllable tones and PBI is estimated by tri-tone model. In the last step, two PBI predictors were integrated by a weight factor. The proposed method was tested on 200 literal style spoken sentences. The experimental results showed 72% accuracy.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2009

This study aims at clarifying the influence that color, tone, dot size, the combination of area ratios exercise on the harmony in dot necktie, and revealing the harmony differentiation according to the cues of various factors for pattern design. The conclusion is drawn as below, in the result that the cues which can exercise influence on the harmony of dot necktie, was analyzed by 54 stimuli. In the result of analysis of variance in order to clarify the influence which color, tone, dot size, and color area ratio exercise on dot necktie harmony, color and dot size operate appeared to be independent cues which exercise significant influence with main effect. In the result of the harmony difference analysis on color, tone, dot size, and color area ratio combination by multiple comparison, the cyan color in vivid tone was estimated to be most inharmonious in the analysis by color and tone. Viewing the harmony difference according to color and dot size, the dot size of 0.5cm in cyan was perceived to be most harmonious. Viewing the harmony difference according to color and color area ratio combination, both magenta and cyan were estimated to be positive, regardless of area ratio combination, and particularly, the case that the background was in cyan and the dots were in grey was perceived more harmonious compared to the contrary case. Viewing the harmony difference according to tone and dot sizes, the case when the dot sizes were 0.5cm, was perceived to be most positive, regardless of tone. Viewing the harmony difference according to color area ratio combination and tone, the case that the chromatic colors, cyan, magenta, and yellow was used as background, was estimated to be more harmonious, compared to the case that the achromatic color, grey was used as background. Viewing the harmony difference according to dot size and color area ratio combination, in case that the dots were in chromatic color and the background was in grey, the harmony showed difference by dot size, and the case of the dot size of 0.5cm was estimated to be most harmonious.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.1E
• /
• pp.32-35
• /
• 2006

The screech tone of underexpanded jet is numerically calculated without any specific modeling for the screech tone itself. Fourth-order optimized compact scheme and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are used to solve the 2D axisymmetric Euler equation. Adaptive nonlinear artificial dissipation model and generalized characteristic boundary condition are also used. The screech tone, generated by a closed loop between instability waves and quasi-periodic shock cells at the near field, is reasonably analyzed with present numerical methods for the underexpanded jet having Mach number 1.13. First of all, the centerline mean pressure distribution is calculated and compared with experimental and other numerical results. The instantaneous density contour plot shows Mach waves due to mixing layer convecting supersonically, which propagate downstream. The pressure signal and its Fourier transform at upstream and downstream shows the directivity pattern of screech tone very clearly. Most of all, we can simulate the axisymmetric mode change of screech tone very precisely with present method. It can be concluded that the basic phenomenon of screech tone including the frequency can be calculated by using high-order and high-resolution schemes without any specific numerical modeling for screech tone feedback loop.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.510-515
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of chronic shoulder pain on the muscle tone in trunk muscles. The study's subjects were 40 men and women in their 30 to 50s, which were divided into two groups. A chronic shoulder pain group consisted of 20 subjects who had been diagnosed with chronic shoulder pain by doctors, and a painless group consisted of 20 subjects who had experienced no such pain. An analysis was performed using electromyography on the muscle tone in the rectus abdominalis, external oblique, internal oblique, and erector spinae muscles under the same conditions between the two groups. The analysis results were as follows. The chronic shoulder pain group exhibited an overall high level of trunk muscle tone than the painless group, along with a statistically significant difference in the rectus abdominalis(p<.05). Moreover, the chronic shoulder pain group showed differences in the trunk muscle tone depending on the affected side. The chronic left shoulder pain group yielded higher levels of muscle tone in the right-side trunk muscles. In particular, the group revealed statistically significant differences in the rectus abdominalis and internal oblique(p<.05). The chronic right shoulder pain group exhibited higher levels of muscle tone in the left-side trunk muscles with a statistically significant difference in the internal oblique(p<.05). The above results suggested that chronic shoulder pain influences increases in the muscle tone in the trunk muscles on the opposite side to the affected shoulder.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2002

This research examines the characteristic trends through analysis on cue in the contemporary fashion distinctly and systematically. It is carried out by both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In the qualitative analysis, the four important street fashions of neo-mods/jazz, neo-hippie/grunge, sportivecasual and technos/cyber-punk are grouped. In the quantitative analysis, statistical data are sampled from Collection II of the 1990s S/S. It takes frequency, percentage, $\chi^2$-test and etc. by using the comprehensive tools for statistical treatment. There were significant differences between the S/S fashion. According to the cues, there are also significant differences between the fashion in the 1990s. In 'Neo-Mos/Jazz' style shows highly androgynous look, deep and strong tone, green/blue colors, natural fabric, stripe pattern, long hair style, and hided make-up. 'Neo-hippie/gnenge' style shows highly folklore look, vivid tone purple colors, seethrough/knit fabric, natural /traditional pattern, decorative hair special makeup. 'Sportive casuals' style shows highly sportive look, greish tone, white/grey colours, natural fabric, solid patten, bobbed hair, and natural make-up. 'Techno/cyber punk style shows highly comocorps look, pale tone black colors avangard fabric, solid patten, punk/dyed hair special make-up.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.33_34
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 1997

This paper aims to investigate the internal structure of the pre-nuclear intonation pattern and to discuss the inventory and usage of the phrasal tone in Korean based on the acoustic analysis of 80 test sentences. CSL Model 4300 was used for recording and filing, and Multi-speech Model 3700 for analysis. It is shown that the pre-nuclear intonation pattern is composed of one or more phrasal tones, the intonation pattern of the rhythm nit. It is observed that the second phrasal tone begins with a higher pitch than the first one and that the phrasal tones following the second one begins with a lower pitch than the preceding phrasal tone unless a certain word is emphasized. In addition to Level, Rising, Falling, and Rise-Fall phrasal tones already established in Lee (1990, 1991, 1996), Pall-Rise and Rise-Fall-Rise phrasal tones are newly established in this paper. It is observed that Rising and Rise-Fall-Rise phrasal tones are most frequently used as the first phrasal tone of a pre-nuclear intonation pattern and the falling tone as the last phrasal tone, and that Fall-Rise and level tones appear most frequently in the middle of a pre-nuclear intonation pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.1297-1309
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shirt color, tie color, tone, perceiver' gender on impression formation by applying tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. This experiment was designed to utilize the $2{\times}6{\times}4{\times}2$ factorial designs. and they are shirt color(red, blue), tie color(red, yellow red, yellow, green, blue, purple), tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver' gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 48 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). The subjects of this research were 288 male and 288 female college students. There were established impression dimension from factor analysis 27 bi-polar adjectives and investigated the effect of interaction between each variable affected impression formations. The items of the adjectives are classified into 4 Impression dimensions: activity, potency, attractiveness, and tenderness. Shirt color, tie color, tone, and perceiver' gender influenced on impression formation. Specially, tie color and tone influenced on the 4 impression dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. As a result tie is very important clue of impression formation in tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie. Even though tie occupies only a small area in men's clothes it has great effect since it is close to the face.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.631-646
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find out its effect on wearers' impression formated by combination of their body type with neutral tone clothing. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of responses to stimulus in scales(7-point semantic). 45 pictures used as stimulus are, through computer simulation, manipulated to five wearers' body type and nine neutral tone wear. The subjects are 276(?) female undergraduate students in Kyung-nam area. Factors on wearers' impression suggested as responses to the stimulus consist of 5 different demensions (Tenderness, Cuteness, Attractiveness, Elegance, Intrepidity). The results of this study are as follows: first, combination of their body type with neutral tone wear significantly affects the formation of wearers' impression in the factor of Tenderness, Attractiveness, and Intrepidity (?); to the factor of Attractiveness, wearers' body type is rather more related than wearers' neutral tone wear is. Second, the harmony of their body type with neutral tone wear has a significant effect on wearers' impression in the factor of Cuteness. According to those results, the combination of wearers' body type with neutral tone wear has significant effects on the formation of wearers' impression.