• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2021

Various management systems are being broadly employed to minimize crop yield loss resulting from abiotic and biotic stresses. Here we introduce a Bacillus zanthoxyli HS1 strain as a potent candidate for managing manifold stresses on vegetable plants. Considering 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical characteristics, the strain is closely related to B. zanthoxyli. The B. zanthoxyli HS1's soil-drench confers disease resistance on tomato and paprika plants against infection with Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici, respectively. Root and shoot growths are also increased in B. zanthoxyli HS1-treated cabbage, cucumber, and tomato plants, compared with those in mock-treated plants, after application of high salinity solution. Moreover, the pretreatment of B. zanthoxyli HS1 on cabbage plants inhibits the degradation of chloroplast pigments caused by high salinity stresses, whereas the inhibitory effect is not observed in cucumber plants. These findings suggest that B. zanthoxyli HS1 stain inhibits disease development and confers tolerance to salinity stress on vegetable plants.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2015

In Bangladesh, increases in the tropospheric ozone ($O_3$) concentration and in soil salinization may lead to crop damage. To clarify the effects of $O_3$ and/or soil salinity on Bangladeshi wheat cultivars, BAW1059 (salt-tolerant) and Shatabdi (salt-sensitive) were exposed to 70-day treatments with $O_3$ (charcoal-filtered air (CF), $1.0{\times}O_3$, and $1.5{\times}O_3$) and different levels of soil salinity (0, 4, and $8dS\;m^{-1}$). In both cultivars, the whole-plant dry mass and grain yield were significantly reduced by exposure to $O_3$. Increased soil salinity caused significant reductions in whole-plant growth and yield in Shatabdi, but the reductions were negligible in BAW1059. No significant interactions between $O_3$ and salinity were detected for growth, yield, and leaf gas exchange parameters in both cultivars. We concluded that the effects of $O_3$ are not ameliorated by soil salinity in two Bangladeshi wheat cultivars, regardless of their salinity tolerance.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2005

국내의 NaCl 함유한 부존자원중 버섯배지화 하기 위하여 내염성 느타리버섯 균주를 선발하고, 선발된 균주를 NaCl 함유 톱밥배지에서 재배하여 생장 및 형태적 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가. 느타리 버섯 64품종중 NaCl이 3% 첨가한 PDA 배지에서 김제 10호, 농기2-1호, 명월, 병느타리1호, 부평소엽1호, 삼복, 춘추2호 등이 다른품종에 비해 균사생장 및 균사밀도가 양호하였다. 나. 명월은 NaCl 0.5%, 김제10호, 부평소엽1호는 1.0%, 농기2-1호, 병느타리1호, 삼복, 춘추느타리 2호는 1.5%까지 자실체 형성이 가능하였다. 다. 톱밥배지에서 염농도가 높아질수록 배양기간이 길어졌으며 대가 짧아지고 가늘어졌으며 수량이 감소했다. 라. 배지내에 NaCl 함량이 높아질수록 버섯의 $K_2O$, CaO 흡수능은 감소되었으며 자실체내의 NaCl함량은 배지내 NaCl농도가 높을수록 증가하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.259-259
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• 2022

Soil salinity is a major factor that reduces crop yields. The amount of soil affected by salinity is about 83 million hectares (FAO 2000), which is increasing due to the effects of climate change. In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], nutritional properties such as protein, starch, and sucrose content together with biomass and yield tends to reduce due to excessive salt. As a result of QTL mapping using the 169 F_2:3 population from the KA-1285 (salt-tolerant) × Daepung (salt-sensitive) in a previous study, two major QTLs (Gm03_39796778 and Gm03_40600088) related to salt tolerance were found on chromosome 3. In this study, the CDS region of the Gmsalt3 gene was analyzed using the ABI 3730x1 DNA Analyzer (Macrogen, Korea). The sequence of Gmsalt3 gene in KA-1285 was compared with Williams 82.a4.vl and PI483463 (Glycine soja). Two transversions were found at exon6 in KA-1285 and PI483463. Currently, whole genome sequencing and variation analysis using the Illumine Novaseq 6000 machine (Illumina, USA) are in progress. The results of this study can provide useful molecular markers for the selection of salt-tolerant soybeans and can be used as basic data for future salt-tolerant gene research.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.156-156
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• 2023

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits rice productivity in many regions of the world. In order to develop salt stress tolerant rice plants, genetic engineering is a promising approach. We characterized the molecular function of rice C3H2C3 as a really interesting new gene (RING). Oryza sativa RING finger protein H2-3 (OsRFPH2-3) was highly expressed in 100 mM NaCl. To identify the localization of OsRFPH2-3, we fused vectors that include C-terminal GFP protein (35S;;OsRFPH2-3-GFP). OsRFPH2-3 was expressed in the nucleus in rice protoplasts. An in vitro ubiquitin assay demonstrated that OsRFPH2-3 possessed E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. However, the mutated OsRFPH2-3 were not possessed any E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. Under salinity conditions, OsRFPH2-3-overexpressing plants exhibited higher chlorophyll, proline, SOD, POD, CAT, and soluble sugar contents and lower H₂O₂ accumulation than wild-type plants, supporting transgenic plants with enhanced salinity tolerance phenotypes. OsRFPH2-3-overexpressing plants exhibited low Na+ accumulation and Na+/K+ ratios in their roots. Theses results suggest that overexpression of OsRFPH2-3 can make plant insensitivity about salinity conditions.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2016

In this study, we crossbred Epinephelus akaara and E. lanceolatus to produce a hybrid grouper with faster growth and adaptation to domestic aquaculture environments. The plasma cortisol and glucose levels and osmoregulation (stress response indicators) of the hybrid grouper, E. akaara ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂, were investigated under several salinity levels (32, 24, 16, and 8 psu). The body lengths and weights of E. akaara (8.2 ± 0.1 cm, 8.3 ± 0.4 g) and the hybrid (8.6 ± 0.1 cm, 10.0 ± 0.4 g) were similar at the start of the experiment, but were significantly different at the end of the experiment. Juveniles of both E. akaara and the hybrid showed greater weight gain, specific growth, and feed conversion rate (FCR) under low salinity of 16 psu. Under the 8 psu treatment, the juvenile E. akaara all died, while the hybrid juveniles survived. Plasma cortisol levels were not affected by lower salinity in both species. The above results indicate that the hybrid is more tolerant of low salinity than is E. akaara, although both species exhibited higher growth and FCR at 16 psu, lower than the salinity of natural seawater. Thus, juveniles of both E. akaara and the hybrid can be more effectively cultured in brackish areas or waters with salinity lower than that of seawater.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2011

To study the effects of salinity-sodicity on bacterial population and enzyme activities, soil samples were collected from the Bay of Yellow Sea, Incheon, South Korea. In the soils nearest to the coastline, pH, electrical conductivity ($EC_e$), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were greater than the criteria of saline-sodic soil, and soils collected from sites 1.5-2 km away from the coastline were not substantially affected by the intrusion and spray of seawater. Halotolerant bacteria showed similar trends, whereas non-tolerant bacteria and enzymatic activities had opposite trends. Significant positive correlations were found between EC, exchangeable $Na^+$, and pH with SAR and ESP. In contrast, $EC_e$, SAR, ESP, and exchangeable $Na^+$ exhibited significant negative correlations with bacterial populations and enzyme activities. The results of this study indicate that the soil chemical variables related with salinity-sodicity are significantly related with the sampling distance from the coastline and are the key stress factors, which greatly affect microbial and biochemical properties.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2011

The Rio Grande Compact Commission, in collaboration with local water management entities, water users and universities established a three state Rio Grande The Rio Grande Compact Commission, in collaboration with local water management entities, water users and universities established a three state Rio Grande Salinity Management Program. The objectives of the Rio Grande Project Salinity Management Program are to reduce salinity concentrations, loading, and salinity impacts in the Rio Grande basin for the 270 mile river reach from San Acacia, New Mexico to Fort Quitman, Texasto increase usable water supplies for agricultural, urban, and environmental purposes. The focus of this first phase of the program is the development of baseline salinity and hydrologic information and a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of salinity. An assessment of the economic impacts of salinity in this region was conducted by scientists at Texas A&M University's AgriLife Research Center at El Paso and New Mexico State University. Economic damages attributable to high salinity of Rio Grandewater were estimated for residential, agricultural, municipal, and industrial uses. The major impact issues addressed were: who is being affected the types of economic impacts the magnitude of economic damages overall and by user category and identification of threshold-effect levels for different types of water use. Salinity concentrations in this 270 mile reach of the river typically range from 480 ppm to 1,200 ppm, but can exceed 3,000 ppm in the lower section of this reach. Economic impacts include reductions in agricultural yields, reduced water appliance life, equipment replacement costs, and increased water supply costs. This preliminary economic assessment indicates annual damages of $10.5 million from increased water salinity. Under current water uses, municipal and industrial uses account for 75% of the total estimated impacts. However, agricultural impacts are based on current crop pattern yield reductions and, salinity leaching requirements and do not account for the impacts of reduced revenue from having to grow salinity tolerant, lower value crops. Actual damages are anticipated to be significantly higher with the inclusion of these additional agricultural impacts plus the future impacts from the growing population in the region. A more comprehensive economic analysis is planned for the second phase of this program. Results of the economic analysis are being used to determine the feasiblity of salinity control alternatives and what salinity reduction control measures will be pursued.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.380-386
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• 2001

Dry matter(DM) accumulation in different plant parts of two Vigna spp., blackgram(Vigna mungo) and mungbean(Vigna radiata), was compared at different levels of salinity. Two vaarieties of each of blackgram (Barimash-1 and Barimash-2) and mungbean(Barimung-3 and Barimung-4) were grown with 50, 75 and 100mM NaCl solutions and tap water as a control till maturity. The DM accumulation in all plant parts of the two crops devreased with the increasing salinity levels. The reducation was severe in mungbean compared to blackgram. On an average mungbean produced only 3% grain yield compared to 37% in blackgram at 100mM NaCl. The salinity induced growth reduction was relatively less in Barimash-2 than that in Barimash-1. In mungbean, the relative DM production of Barimung-3 was greater than Barimung-4. The extent of biomass reducation due to salinity in different plant parts was not similar. At maturity the rank of biomass accumulation (at 100 mM NaCl) in different plant parts of blackgram was in decreasing order by seeds pod$^{-1}$ (97%), branch plant$^{-1}$ (88%), 1000-grain weight (79%), plant height(72%), pods plant$^{-1}$ (50%), leaf weight and root mass(both 49%) and stem weight (48%). In mungbean, the rank was in decreasing order by 1000-grain weight (57%), leaf weight (54%), plant height (52%), seeds pod$^{-1}$ (50%), branch plant$^{-1}$ (41%), root weight (34%), stem weight (24%) and pods plant$^{-1}$ (6%). Therefore, salinity reduced grain yield more than straw and roots of the Vignaq spp., and blackgram is relatively more salt-tolerant than mungbean.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

최근 시설재배의 증가나 새만금 간척지의 개발 등 염류 농도가 높은 토양에서의 작물 재배에 대한 수요가 점차적으로 증가하고 있는 상황에서 고염환경 하에서 세포내로 주입된 염 분자를 제한된 구역으로 격리하여 염류내성을 주도록 하는 anti-porter 유전자 TANHX, HVNHX를 우리나라 주요 화훼작물이며 수출유망 작물인 국화로 도입하는 분자육종이 백마 등 5품종에 대하여 이루어졌다. 선발 마커를 이용한 배지선발 과정을 통하여 선발된 기내 식물체 390개체를 대상으로 토양 순화를 거쳐 284계통의 국화 형질전환체가 획득되었으며, 얻어진 식물체 중 임의로 40계통을 선발하고 PCR을 거쳐 진성 여부를 확인한 결과 30계통에서 target band가 검출되어 75%의 배지 발 성공률을 나타내었다. PCR 분석 선발 계통을 포함하여 토양 순화된 284계통을 대상으로 직접적으로 NaCl 0.2 ~ 1.2% (300 mM) 범위로 내염성 생물검정을 실시한 결과 NaCl 0.8% (200 mM) 농도에서도 생존 및 생장이 가능한 15계통이 선발되었으며 이중 7계통은 NaCl 1.2%(300 mM) 내에서도 생존이 가능하였다. 내염성 특성형질 도입을 위하여 anti-porter 유전자 HVNHX가 도입되어 선발된 형질전환 계통의 스트레스 저항성 정도 및 세포 형태적 특성변화가 관찰되었다. 선발된 계통은 NaCl 1.2% (300 mM) 처리 생존가능 7계통을 포함하여 NaCl 0.8% (200 mM) 관수 처리 하에서 생존 및 생장이 가능한 15계통이었다. 세포형태 특성은 전자현미경 (SEM)을 이용하여 형질전환체 및 비 형질전환체의 공변세포를 염 처리 후 관찰함으로서 이루어졌는데 형질전환체, 비형질전환체 모두 무처리에 비해 NaCl 처리한 식물체의 공변세포의 두께가 두꺼워지고 조직 치밀도가 증가하였으며 형질전환체의 경우 비 형질전환체에 비해 두꺼워지는 정도나 조직의 치밀도 증가 정도가 높아 염에 대한 내성이 강화되었음을 알 수 있었고 염 처리 후 세포의 생존정도 비교를 통한 내염 스트레스에 대한 저항성 정도를 측정하고자 TTC 검정을 실시한 결과 강 내염성 계통의 TTC 수치가 높게 나왔으며 NaCl 처리 농도가 높아질수록 TTC 수치가 낮아지는 경향이었으나 강 내염성 7계통은 1.2% NaCl 처리에서도 0.206 ~ 0.331로 비형질전환체의 0.046 중내염성 계통의 0.114 ~ 0.193에 비해 높은 세포생존 비율을 나타내었다. 또한 식물이 스트레스에 대항하기 위하여 분비하는 아미노산인 Proline의 함량을 계통별로 측정한 결과 강 내염성 형질전환 계통이 높게 나왔으며 NaCl 처리 농도가 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내어 강 내염성 7계통은 1.2% NaCl 처리에서 2.255 ~ 2.638 mg/kg로 중 내염성 형질전환 계통의 1.496 ~ 2.125에 비해 높게 형성되었다.