• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to present the clinical analysis of the results of lateral arm free flap for small sized and infected diabetic foot ulcer around toes. From May 2006 to December 2007, Seven patients were included in our study. Average age was 52.8 years, six were males and one was female. All had infected diabetic foot ulcer and had exposures of bone or tendon structures. Ulcers were located around great toe in four patients, 4th toe in one and 5th toe in two. Three patients had osteomyelitis of metatarsal or phalanx. After appropriate control of infection by serial wound debridement and intravenous antibiotics, lateral arm flap was applied to cover remained soft tissue defects. Posterior radial collateral artery of lateral arm flap was reanastomosed to dorsalis pedis artery of recipient foot by end to side technique in all cases in order to preserve already compromised artery of diabetic foot. All flaps were designed over lateral epicondyle to get longer pedicle and averaged pedicle length was 8 cm. Two cases were used as a sensate flap to achieve protective sensation of foot. All flaps survived and provided satisfactory coverage of soft tissue defects on diabetc foot ulcers. All patients could achieve full weight-bearing ambulation. No patients has had recurrence of infection, ulceration and further toe amputations. There were three complications, a delayed wound healing of flap with surrounding tissue, a partial peripheral loss of flap and a numbness of forearm below donor site. All patients were satisfied with their clinical results, especially preserving their toes and could return to the previous activity levels. Lateral arm free flap could be recommend for infected diabetic foot ulcers around toes, to preserve toes, coverage of soft tissue defect and control of infection with low donor site morbidity.

• 한국조류학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2018

플라스틱 유색가락지는 수많은 생태학 및 조류학 현장 연구에 흔히 사용되고 있으나, 참새목 조류에서 유색가락지로 인한 부상에 대한 기록은 드문 실정이다. 본 연구는 전남 신안군 홍도에서의 가락지 부착조사 과정에서 최초 포획된 날로부터 596일 후 재포획 된 흰배지빠귀(Turdus pallidus)가 분할식 다빅(Darvic) 유색가락지로 인해 발가락이 소실되었음을 확인하고 이를 처음으로 보고한다. 또 인접한 흑산도에서는 포획된 지 135일 후에 재관찰된 검은이마직박구리(Pycnonotus sinensis)의 왼쪽 뒷발가락이 유색가락지 안쪽에 끼어있는 사례도 함께 확인하였다. 유색가락지를 부착한 산새류 1,900여 개체에서 확인된 두 사례를 바탕으로, 향후 유색가락지의 사용과 부착에 있어서 일반적인 유색가락지 부착지침을 따르는 신중한 접근법을 강조한다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was conducted to find out observation at gait analysis of the stroke patient with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) concept. Methods : This is a literature study with books, seminar note and international PNF course book. Results : Stroke patient gait was poor initial contact by weakness of tibialis anterior or weakness of contralateral plantar flexor, poor loading response by loss of deep sensation, poor mid stance by loss of deep sensation, weakness of tibialis anterior and weakness of plantar flexors eccentric control, poor terminal stance, pre-swing, initial swing by loss of deep sensation and stiffness fo deep toe flexors. Conclusion : Stroke patient gait determine on loss of mobility, pain, fear, trunk muscle weakness, loss of coordination, loss of deep sensation, neglect and apraxia. Therefore observational gait analysis of the stroke patient focus on gait cycle and take out hypotheses from the gait cycle. These hypotheses have to define accept or not by parameters. Treatment plan made with the hypotheses.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.2124-2126
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• 2008

In the wireless communication systems, the demand of multimedia services is also increased. Unlike typical data packets, realtime service such as VoIP packets have delay bound and low loss rate requirement. In this paper we propose a new scheduling algorithm that be able to allocate resources to the different kinds of services such as VoIP and data packet. The proposed algorithm considers both time delay and channel condition toe determine the priority. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm works more efficiently than the conventional algorithms.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.44-53
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• 1988

The mechanical strengths of buried lamellar tears located near the weld toe in the welded tee joints were evaluated in terms of the loss of load carrying capacity as a function of tear area. In static loading, the load carrying capacity was significantly reduced when tear intercepted over 10% of the cross-sectional area of the welded joints. However, the welded joints containing buried tears still failed at stresses over the yield strength of the base metal in the through-thickness direction in spite of the presence of tears up to 20-25% of the area. Fatigue strength of welded joints containing tears markedly reduced with increasing tear areas. Lehigh lamellar tearing test used in this study to produce speicmens was described in detail. The load carrying cpapacity in static loading was influenced by the reduction of supporting area whereas that in fatigue loading was influenced by the stress-concentration effects of lamellar tears and the reduction of supporting area. In bend tests, the pre-existing lamellar tears always grew up toward the weld toe. However, in fatigue loading, cracks grew up and down simultaneously form both the weld toe and the top of lamellar tears because of stress concentration. In fatigue loading, delaminations and decohesion of inclusion/matrix interface generated in multipass welds provided crack propagation paths and enhanced crack propagation because the tips of delaminations and deconhesios acted as stress raisers.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2001

To simulate an actual slip to measure floor slipperiness, slip resistance testers simulate slip in only forward direction because forward slip in the landing phase was found to be the most important factor for loss of balance. Backward slip in the take off phase was possible but was excluded in the friction test protocol because it was not dangerous. However, backward slip was tested in the friction test protocol without any theoretical background of the significance in generating dangerous slips and falls and was proven to be as good as forward slip in measuring floor slipperiness. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the significance of backward slip in generating dangerous slips and falls with different combinations of floor and shoe sole. The results showed different tendency of backward slip in take off phase being significant in generating dangerous slips and falls because backward slip in the takeoff phase affected gait pattern disturbances seriously. resulted in dangerous falls. Fast toe velocity increased the severity of backward slip and confirmed the significance of backward slip in generating dangerous slips and falls. As a result, this study recommends the utilization of backward slip in the measurement of floor slipperiness.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trunk exercises on the balancing ability of elderly Hansen's disease patients with lower extremity dysfunction. Method : A total of 24 elderly Hansen's disease patients were divided into two groups: 10 without lower extremity dysfunction and 14 with lower extremity dysfunction. The groups exercised for 60 minutes, two days a week, for a total 12 weeks; balancing ability was measured with the one leg standing test, tandem walking test, and timed up-and-go test. The patients were tested and their results were compared both before and after the completion of their exercise programs. Lower extremity dysfunction was assessed according to the following criteria: unilateral foot-drop, toe-loss, and below-knee amputation. Results : After the exercises, participants in both groups showed a positive, statistically significant difference in balance, compared with before the exercises (the one leg standing test, tandem walking test, and timed up-and-go test; p<.05). For comparison purposes, the group with dysfunction and the group without dysfunction were tested before and after the completion of their exercises. Before the exercises, there was a statistically significant difference in the one leg standing test, tandem walking test, and timed up-and-go test (p<.05). However, after the exercises, there was no significant difference in the one leg standing test, tandem walking test, and timed up-and-go test (p>.05). Conclusion : Ultimately, balancing ability was improved in both of the groups after trunk exercises were performed. Although balancing ability was improved, elements of lower extremity dysfunction remained, such as unilateral foot-drop, toe-loss, and below-knee amputation.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1997

The methods of clinical applications of the foot as a free-flap donor site includes microvascular toe-to-finger transfer, free neurovascular flap transfer, first web space flap transfer, and osteocutaneous free flap transfer. We have evaluated the results of treatment for 35 patients to be undergone a microvascular reconstructive procedure with the foot as a donor site from January 1982 to June 1996. The performed operations were 16 cases of thumb reconstruction with wrap around procedure, 3 cases of tenocutaneous flap transfer, 10 cases of dorsalis pedis flap transfer, 2 cases of first web space free flap and 4 cases of toe-to-finger transfer. The follow up study was 69 months in average. Regarding to the various donor sites, morbidity was divided into five different categories: Cosmesis, Functional loss, Sensory loss, Wound complication, and Pain. According to the results of examination(35 patients), the results was excellent(25), good(9), fair(1), and poor(0). Among the categories, morbidity was higher at cosmesis. The patients under 50 years were better outcome. Among the operative methods from the foot as a donor site, thumb reconstruction with wrap around procedure showed poorest outcomes. So, We conclude that the foot as a free flap donor site is a good source for the microvascular reconstructive surgery. But, Preoperative donor site evaluation, adequate operative technique and post operative management are essential to decrease the morbidity of donor site.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.129-132
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• 1993

Paraplegia complicating a block of the celiac plexus with alcohol for recurrent stomach cancer is described. A 33 year old male patient was admitted to control for severe epigastric pain. With the patient in prone position, the needle was advanced further than 2 cm on the anterior margin of $L_1$ vertebral body under fluoroscopy. 3 ml of 1% lidocaine and 5 ml of conray were injected through each needle, and the diffusion of the contrast medium was checked, This was followed by 7 ml of pure alcohol and 8 ml of 50% alcohol for each needle. At that time, the patient was very satisfied with loss of abdominal pain. About 30 minutes after injection of alcohol, suddenly patient complained of severe burning pain on back and both extremities. Thereafter, loss of sensation and paralysis in both extremities were developed slowly. The senstivity to cold recovered 3 days after block. By the 33rd day after the block, sensation had recovered in both extremities, the bladder and rectum. Movement of the right ankle joint and left great toe was also possible.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study sought to evaluate muscle activity and foot pressure during gait, and balance in female college students with genu valgum. METHOD: Participants were assigned based on their Q-angle to genu valgum group greater than 20° (GVG, n = 12), unilateral genu valgum group greater than 20° (UVG, n = 11), and control group (CON, n = 13). All subjects were evaluated for balance (Trace length, C90 area, C90 angle, and the Romberg test), muscle activity (gluteus medius; GM, tensor fasciae latae; TFL, vastus medialis; VM, vastus lateralis; VL, biceps femoris; BF, gastrocnemius; GCM and tibialis anterior; TA) and foot pressure (F/F ratio, R/F ratio, Hallux, 2~5 toe, 1st MT, 2~4 MT, 5th MT, Midfoot, M/heel, and L/heel) during gait. RESULTS: Romberg test showed significantly increased loss of balance in the UVG group compared with the CON. In the forward position, the imbalance was significantly increased in the UVG and GVG groups compared to the CON. Muscle activity of VL, GCM, and TA significantly increased in the GVG group compared with the CON. Static foot pressure, 1st MT significantly increased in the GVG compared to the CON group. The 5th MT significantly decreased in the CON compared with the GVG group. The R/F ratio significantly decreased in the GVG compared to the CON group. In dynamic foot pressure, the 2~5 toe significantly increased in the GVG compared with the UVG group. The left 5th MT significantly decreased in the UVG compared with the CON and GVG groups. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that genu valgum has a negative effect on balance, muscle activity, and foot pressure during gait in female college students.