• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of fiber free control diet (CD), cellulose diet (CED) and pectin diet (PTD) on diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) in healthy Korean woman for 3 hours. The three test diets were as follows: CD (carbohydrate intake: 63.4% of energy, protein intake: 14.0% of energy and fat intake: 25.8% of energy), CED (carbohydrate intake: 62.5% of energy, protein intake: 14.0% of energy and fat intake: 26.1% of energy) and PTD (carbohydrate intake: 62.7% of energy, protein intake: 14.0% of energy and fat intake: 26.2 of energy). Groups were served 10 g of cellulose for CED and 10 g of pectin for PTD, respectively. DIT was measured at fasting state and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after consuming each diet. The mean age of all subjects was $22.3{\pm}1.9$ years. Body weight was $52.5{\pm}8.6$ kg and body mass index was $20.6{\pm}2.7kg/m^2$. Preprandial resting energy expenditure was $0.79{\pm}0.02kcal/min$ and postprandial DIT were $14.05{\pm}0.62%$ for CD, $9.33{\pm}0.62%$ for CED, $11.07{\pm}1.35%$ for PTD as a percentage of the energy load. DIT of CD was significantly higher than those of CED and PTD. There was no significant difference in postprandial change in body temperature after consuming each test diets and the sympathetic nervous system activity measured by heart rate was significantly higher in CD than CED and PTD (p<0.05). With this study, it can be concluded that CED and PTD have significantly lowered in DIT (p<0.05). We didn't show the correlation of the factors that relate in DIT; thus, further experiments on that matter should be followed.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.834-839
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• 2007

This study was designed to determine the optimal ratio of dropwort powder in castella by adding the powder at levels of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% respectively. The properties of the castella were analyzed by specific gravity, specific volume, color determinations, texture properties and sensory evaluation. The Specific gravity increased with increasing amount of dropwort powder. However, the specific volume decreased with increasing dropwort powder. For the color values, as more dropwort powder was added, the L-value decreased. The castella with 9% dropwort powder had a higher hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. A sensory panel perceived that the external and internal color of the castella become darker with the dropwort powder substitution and the grain size decreased with increasing amount dropwort powder, while sweet taste showed no significant difference. The order of overall preference was DP 9>DP 6>DP 12>CON>DP 3. Therefore, the substitution of 9% of wheat flour with dropwort powder was recommended in the production of castella.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.316-323
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• 1991

We calculated a difference between the YBa$_2Cu _3O_{7-x}$ superconductor (123 system) of critical temperature, 95 K and the YBa$_2Cu_4 O_8$ superconductors (124 system) of critical temperature, 80 K in Y-system superconductors using Extended Huckel Theory (EHT). The valence electron population (VEP), reduced overlap population (ROP) and net charge for the charged cluster models relating to the layer and the chain in 123 and 124 systems were compared. The VEPs of Cu atom in the layer of 123 and 124 systems populated d$_{z^2}$ orbital more than d$_{x^2-y^2}$ orbital, and in the chain of 123 and 124 systems populated d$_{y^2-z^2}$ orbital more than d$_{z^2}$ orbital. The ROP of the Cu(1)-O(1) in the layer of 123 system was larger than the value of the Cu(1)-O(2), but the ROP of the Cu(1)-O(2) in the layer of 124 system was larger than the value of the Cu(1)-O(1). The ROP of Cu(2)-O(4) in the chain of 123 and 124 systems were larger than the value of the Cu(2)-O(3). In 123 system the net charge values of the Cu in the layer was larger than the value of the Cu in the chain. However, in 124 system the net charge value of the Cu in the chain was larger than the value in the layer.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.2 s.103
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• pp.131-142
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• 2004

The movement of tooth-bone segments by osteotomy can simultaneously shift tooth and surrounding alveolar bone in a relatively short period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue changes in pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone in rapid tooth-bone movement with osteotomy. The mandibular 3rd premolar of a dog was extracted and cortical bones of the buccal and lingual area were eliminated, and then cortical bones around the mesial and distal area of root, and below the root apex of the mandibular 4th premolar were osteotomized. After a one-week latency period, a tooth-borne distraction device was activated for 6 days. And pulp, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and immunohistochemically at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of the consolidation Period and conclusions were roached as follows. 1. Latency period didn't affect total amount or tooth movement and healing process of tissue during consolidation period. 2. Bone formation continued through 8 weeks of consolidation in distracted side, with a high peak at 1-2 weeks, and the lowest at 6-8 weeks or consolidation. 3. At 1 week of consolidation, alveolar bone resorption, osteoclast appearance and inflammatory cell infiltration were the most active, and dentinoclasts characteristically appeared on the pulp and pressure side of the periodontal ligament. 4. The expression of $TGF-\beta$ was area-specific, as it was strong-positive at bone matrix, osteoblast osteoclast of alveolar bone, and dentinoclast inside pulp, but weak in pulp, cementoblast and acellular cementum. 5. The expression of $TGF-\beta$ was generally observed at the initial 1-2 weeks of consolidation at vessels, periodontal ligament cells, and osteoblast near alveolar bone on the distraction side of the periodontal ligament, and was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of consolidation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2004

We investigate the effect of enzyme pretreatment using protease, carbohydrase, and lipase on improvement of sludge treatment efficiency by measuring SCOD and TCOD. The enzyme-pretreatment increases SCOD of excess sludge. In addition, the amount of sludge reduction during digestion, in terms of SCOD and TCOD, are enhanced by enzyme-pretreatment. Among pretense, carbohydrase, and lipase, pretense showed the best enhancement of the sludge treatment efficiency. Sludge digestion followed by ozone and enzyme treatments showed more effective sludge treatment when compared with ozone treatment alone. Therefore, we expect that enzyme pretreatment can be used as a useful tool for enhancing the sludge treatment efficiency.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of height suppression of cucumber and tomato plug seedlings as affected by mechanical stimulus using brushing as environment-friendly method. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 'Joeunbaekdadagi') and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Mini Chal') seeds were sown in 40-cell plug trays ($54{\times}27.5{\times}5cm$) filled with growing medium on Oct. 9, 2017. The cultivation environment in a venlo-type glasshouse was maintained as cultivation temperature range of $15-25^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity of $50{\pm}10%$. Nontreatment and diniconazole ($7.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) application at 15 days after sowing were used as the control. In addition, brushing treatments in cucumber and tomato were applied interval of 2, 4 or 6 hrs for 15 and 20 days, respectively. Plant height, hypocotyl length, and internode length were inhibited for cucumber and tomato in the diniconazole treatment than in the control. The leaf size was reduced, both cucumber and tomato, while the SPAD increased under the diniconazole treatment. However, stem diameter of cucumber was the thickest in the 2 hrs brushing interval treatment. Fresh weights of shoot and root were the significantly lowest in the diniconazole treatment. Application of brushing improved seedlings quality by promoting dry weights of shoot and root, and compactness of tomato seedlings. The chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato seedlings drastically decreased with 2 hrs treatment, indicating that mechanical stress by brushing treatment. The relative growth rate of tomato seedlings was significantly lower in the diniconazole treatment, but cucumber seedlings were not significantly different in all treatments. As a results, height suppression of cucumber and tomato seedlings was best achievement in the diniconazole treatment by the chemical as growth regulator. In an environment-friendly point of view, however, it is considered that 2 hrs brushing interval treatment can be the applicability for replacing the chemical methods in plug seedling growth of cucumber and tomato.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2000

1. Background and Purpose The faces of human being change as they grow older. We could know the characters of the each ages, through the facial comparison between the 30's, 40's and the 50's, 60's. As a conclusion, I carried out this Study because I thought that the errors of diagnosis would be reduced a lot through the standardization researches about the morphology of faces. 2. Objectives The object of this study is selected from the patients who were already diagnosed Sasang Constitutions at the department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center. The number of the patients were 69 men in 30's and 40's, and 74 men in 50's and 60's. 3. Method I took the photographs of front view and lateral view of the objectives by digital camera and obtained the 200 measure through the facial measurement program. I compared the measure of 50's and 60's with 30's and 40's by independant t-test. 4. Results 28 measures are different 30's and 40's with 50's and 60's in Soyangin, 31 measures in Soeumin, 40 measures in Taeumin. 5. Conclusion (1) Soyangin showed wider interpupillary distance in 30's and 40's than 50's and 60's. They also showed the large brow and cheek and their lips were thick and prominent and their ophyrion were prominent and their noses were wide and large and they showed wide bigonial breadth in 30's and 40's than 50's and 60's. (2) Soeumin showed the position of ears were higher and the brows were longer and larger in 30's and 40's than 50's and 60's. The width of both eyebrow were wider in 50's and 60's than 30's and 40's. The lower 2/3 portion of the face was longer and the shape of head was longer in vertical in 50's and 60's than 30's and 40's. (3) Taeumin showed the wider brow in 30's and 40's than 50's and 60's. The width of each eyes was wider and the width of cheek and face was larger, too. The ophyrion was prominent and the mouth was bigger and the face showed longer in 50's and 60's than 30's and 40's. (4) The upper 1/3 portion of the face was large in 30's and 40's and the lower 2/3 portion of the face showed large and long in 50's and 60's regardless Constitution.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

This Study focuses on the university students' job attitude and cost of employment preparation. Nowadays, many university and college students spend a big money improving their employment preparation such as studying on foreign language, getting various kinds of certificates and tooth correction, clothing etc. for employment interview. This study investigated the cost of employment preparation and Job attitude of the 484 students of universities and colleges, the analysis of the collected data was conducted with SPSS 12.0 program by using frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability assessment, correlation test, t-test, one way ANOVA. The university students paid more costs of employment preparation such as a language training abroad, a private training, and clothing than the college students. Also, Allied social science students paid more costs of the language training abroad, and clothing than allied computer science and allied design students. The female students paid more money than male students for tooth correction. The costs of language training abroad, private training and clothing are affected the students' socioeconomic background of a home. Regarding the job attitude of students, the university students are feeling more positive than the college students of the employment efficacy and cognition of the education environment. As result, the differences in the cost of employment preparation by the university type, faculty major course, their sex, and socioeconomic background of a home. The student's employment-efficacy and cognition of the education environment are also differences between the university and the college students. So, to improve the job attitude, developing their ability for employment preparation, educational programs should be arranged in school and continuous researches are needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2006

Background: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NPPV) has been increasingly used over the past decade in the management of acute or chronic respiratory failure and weaning of mechanical ventilation. We performed this clinical study to evaluate the usefulness of NPPV in patients who developed acute respiratory failure or post-extubation respiratory failure. Methods: We analysed thirty four patients(sixteen males and eighteen females, mean ages 58 years) who applied NPPV(BIPAP S/T, Respironics co., USA) for respiratory failure or weaning difficulty at medical intensive care unit(MICU), emergency room and general ward of a tertiary hospital. We evaluated the underlying causes of respiratory failure, duration of treatment, the degree of adaptation, complication and predictive parameters of successful outcome. Results: The overall success rate of NPPV was seventy-one percent. The duration of NPPV applying time, baseline blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$, $SaO_2$ were not different between success group and failure group. But, the baseline pH was higher in the success group. Predictors of success were higher baseline pH, patients with underlying disease of COPD, improvement of vital sign and arterial blood gas value after NPPV application. The success rate in patients with post-extubation respiratory failure was eighty percent. There were no serious complication on applying NPPV except minor complications such as facial skin erythema, abdominal distension & dry mouth. Conclusion: NPPV may be effective treatment in patients with acute respiratory failure or post-extubation respiratory failure in selected cases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7524-7533
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of purple sweet potato(PSP) intake and aerobic combined exercise in obese middle school girls. Twenty-four, obese(%body fat > 30%) middle school girls composed of the purple sweet potato intake and aerobic combined exercise group(A, n=6), the aerobic combined exercise group(B, n=6), the purple sweet potato intake group(C, n=6), the control group(D, n=6). The variables of health related fitness, blood lipid profile, insulin resistance were measured in all the subjects before the start and after the end of 12 week aerobic combined exercise program(40~70%HRR, 3 times per week, 70 mins). The test data were analyzed by paired t-test and one way ANOVA, and the alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. In the comparison within each group, %body fat[A(p<.01), C(p<.05) groups], TC[A(p<.05), B(p<.01), C(p<.01) groups] and insulin resistance[A(p<.05) group] were significantly decreased and LBM[A(p<.01), B(p<.01) groups], muscular strength[A(p<.01), B(p<.001), C(p<.05) groups], muscular endurance[A(p<.05), B(p<.001) groups], flexibility[A(p<.05), B(p<.01) groups] and cardiorespiratory endurance[A(p<.05), B(p<.001), C(p<.01) groups] were significantly increased. In the comparison between groups, A group was significantly decreased in %body fat, TC and TG than D group(p<.05). A group was significantly increased in muscular strength and cardiorespiratory endurance than C, D groups (p<.05). A group was significantly increased in muscular endurance and HDL-C than D group(p<.05). A, B groups were significantly increased in flexibility than D group(p<.05). A, B, C groups were significantly decreased in insulin resistance than D group(p<.05). In conclusion, purple sweet potato intake and aerobic combined exercise were effective in improving the health related fitness, blood lipid profile and insulin resistance in obese middle school girls.