• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-173
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• 2016

This study vindicates similarities and differences of hybrid process of arbitration and mediation between China and Malaysia. Both countries develop hybrid processes combining arbitration with mediation in their own cultural soils. The Chinese dispute resolver plays the dual role of arbitrator and mediator during the proceedings of hybrid process of arbitration and mediation. On the other hand, a different arbitrator plays the role of mediator, if conciliation fails in Malaysia. On the other hand, judges are allowed to act as mediator during the proceeding in China and Malaysia.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.203-214
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• 2010

This study will examine the current condition of outdoor play in child care centers and the overall perception of teachers on outdoor play in regards to its related programs and children's reaction to them. Through examining such issues, this study will provide the basic data that can be applied in planning appropriate outdoor play activities, programs and environments. For the study, we surveyed teachers and directors of child care centers using a structured questionnaire. The objects of the survey were 22 child care centers in Daejeon and Seoul, who agreed to conduct the survey. The survey was conducted from August 1 to September 30 2006; 220 copies were distributed, and 188 copies were collected. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) The number of outdoor plays per week were on average 1~2 in most cases, although teachers believed the play should be done everyday. Outdoor play time was mostly 21~30 minutes, while teachers thought 31~40 minutes as appropriate. Children's reaction scored the highest when they played outdoors for 30 minutes every day with their teachers involved in the play. As a result, we have concluded that the appropriate outdoor play should be conducted everyday for 30~40 minutes. 2) Outdoor play was mostly conducted as part of the overall educational plan rather than a separate plan. Since outdoor play affects children's development as much as indoor play, there is a need for development of a specific and separate plan for various outdoor play programs. 3) The outdoor play program that was most often conducted was equipment play and sand play. This indicated the monolithic nature of the outdoor program. Given the fact that children enjoy outdoor plays a lot (M=4.71), various programs including adventure play, sensitive play, and carpenter play should be developed. 4) In outdoor play, the teacher's role included supervising and interacting with children. According to the survey, teachers had a good understanding of the importance on safety and supervising issues in outdoor plays. However they seemed to overlook the importance of having better programs and improving teacher's participation to the play. Despite the importance of outdoor play to children's development, the result shows that teachers have tendencies to limit and obstruct outdoor plays by emphasizing supervising and safety issues instead. 5) Children's safety should not be the only consideration for outdoor plays; teachers ought to better understand that children's development can be maximized by the play. Furthermore, there should be emphasis placed on the program development and teacher's participation; teacher's participation should actively encourage the interactions between a child and a teacher, as well as among children.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2013

One of hypothesis is that sleep loss related to a decrease in serotonergic activity plays a significant role in attempted suicide. A growing evidence suggests that central serotonergic activity plays a key role in the etiology of suicide. It has been reported that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of serotonin, were reduced in suicide attempters. In addition, there is evidence that tryptophan hydroxylase is associated with suicide. The association between sleep and suicide was also suggested by some researchers. Several recent studies have showed the association between sleep disturbance and suicide rates in patients with mental disorders and in a general population. In addition, it has been suggested that serotonin plays a role in maintaining arousal and regulating muscle tone and in regulating some of the phasic events of REM sleep. Especially, it is well-known that 5-HT2 receptors are related to slow wave sleep. In conclusion, it is clear that sleep, serotonin activity, and suicide are linked, although the direction of causation needs clarification. In future, large population-based cohort studies are needed to demonstrate the direction of causation in the relationships between sleep, serotonin activity, and suicide.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.1 s.73
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• pp.99-111
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to discriminate important variables among general self-efficacy, peer attachment, and parent-child communication that could predict internalizing problems(anxiety, depression) of Korean children of divorce. The participants were 101 children aged from 10 to 13. They completed questionnaires and discriminant function analyses were performed. The results showed that (a) the discriminant function derived from 3 variables was effective in classifying high, moderate, and low group of children's anxiety and depression, (b) parent-child communication plays a key role in predicting anxiety and general self-efficacy plays a key role in predicting depression of Korean children of divorce, (c) but peer attachment plays a significant role only to predict depression. This means that anxiety and depression of Korean children of divorce result from different kind of interactions among children's important contexts.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2009

For this study, the 'Game Activities' lessons presented in the math textbooks from the 1st grade to the 6th were examined in terms of learning materials, the learning members' make-up, the playing structures, and the relation with the contents. In addition, the survey by means of questionnaires was conducted to analyze the actual condition of teachers' guidance in the field. The findings from this research were as follows: First, as for the activities presented in the textbooks, it turned out that too much emphasis is placed upon plays mainly using learning materials such as cards and dice played by teams of two. In addition, there have been shown negative aspects in various ways of plays putting too much emphasis on certain types of plays such as and structures. As for the relation with the contents, although lots of efforts were taken to connect the playing activity to the lesson contents, there were units presenting plays based on the preceding lesson's repeated activity, ones that have weak link with the contents. Second, it turned out that the teachers had negative attitude on the guidance using the 'Game Activities' lesson, although they were aware of the effects of playing in math learning. This seemed to result from the delicate variety and insufficient preparation for the play. Besides, the findings indicate that the appreciation and activity of the 'Game Activities' lesson presented as a way of performance evaluation. for play need to be provided in school or classrooms for teachers and students to make good use of them.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.211-230
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using the play with multiplication activities based on Skemp's theory for mathematics achievements and attitudes toward mathematics of elementary school students. For this study, we rearranged Skemp's play activities according to our curriculum in the area of multiplication and applied them to the 2nd grade classes of an elementary school. The plays with multiplication activities were applied to the experimental group while traditional teaching method was used with the current mathematics textbook for the comparative group. We obtained the following conclusions: First, in terms of mathematics achievement, the experimental group who used the plays with multiplication activities based on Skemp's theory didn't show significant difference with the comparative group. Second, it proved that the plays with multiplication activities based on Skemp's theory was more effective for lower level of students than the higher level of students. Third, the plays with multiplication activities based on Skemp's theory have positive effects on improving students' attitudes toward mathematics. We need to use the plays with multiplication activities based on Skemp's theory in the classrooms and find problems with the applying the activities. In addition, we need to develop a more various activities based on Skemp's theory for a better teaching.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-154
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• 2011

Rapid social changes due to digitization have created new psychological challenges of adapting and coping. Plays are in the center of these changes. Plays used to be collateral activities of labor in the traditional society and industrial society, but they have become key activities embracing economy, society, culture in a digital society that has been maximized productivity and efficiency. Still, the theoretical approach of plays is based on the industrial societies. Analyzing these points, the psychological impacts of players using multimedia, social networking, and digital games utilizing both of them was dealt in this article. I dealt with multimedia, social networking, and digital games as key characteristic of digital culture. The difference between traditional psychology and Digital Cultural Psychology was dealt in the perspective of self-concept, information processing, and sex role. Then the conclusion on the future directions of Digital Cultural Psychology and its limitations will be followed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.73-93
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• 2021

This study typifies fashion mobile plays in a digital environment and explores the experiential value created by them through a case study of a fashion brand mobile app. For the case analysis, mobile plays were divided into four types: intrinsic motivation/active participation, intrinsic motivation/passive participation, external motivation/active participation, and external motivation/passive participation, depending on the mobile players motivation and level of participation. Among the global fashion brand mobile apps released from 2009 to 2019, 16 cases suitable for the analytical framework were used for final analyses. The main results are as follows. First, mobile play value include characteristics such as networkability, immersion, hyper-spatiality, and super-temporality in addition to the attributes of a traditional play such as spontaneity, uncertainty, regularity, and playfulness. Second, the four types of mobile play provide participants with an experiential value such as creative value, emotional value, social value, and exploitative value. This study has academic implications in terms of introducing a new framework that can typify mobile plays and suggest practical implications for what experiential value fashion companies can give consumers through mobile app marketing.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.433-445
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• 2023

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays a crucial role in the management of pancreaticobiliary disorders. Although the ERCP technique has been refined over the past five decades, it remains one of the endoscopic procedures with the highest rate of complications. Risk factors for ERCP-related complications are broadly classified into patient-, procedure-, and operator-related risk factors. Although non-modifiable, patient-related risk factors allow for the closer monitoring and instatement of preventive measures. Post-ERCP pancreatitis is the most common complication of ERCP. Risk reduction strategies include intravenous hydration, rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and pancreatic stent placement in selected patients. Perforation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and prompt recognition and treatment of ERCP-related perforations are key to ensuring good clinical outcomes. Endoscopy plays an expanding role in the treatment of perforations. Specific management strategies depend on the location of the perforation and the patient's clinical status. The risk of post-ERCP bleeding can be attenuated by preprocedural optimization and adoption of intra-procedural techniques. Endoscopic measures are the mainstay of management for post-ERCP bleeding. Escalation to angioembolization or surgery may be required for refractory bleeding. Post-ERCP cholangitis can be reduced with antibiotic prophylaxis in high risk patients. Bile culture-directed therapy plays an important role in antimicrobial treatment.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.43
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• pp.203-228
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• 2021

This thesis examines the play education method shown in the elementary school textbook 'Enjoy Play'. If the educational methods of the curriculum other than plays were presented in the order of 'Understanding play - Appreciation of Works - Creation of Works', the method of drama education is presented sequentially in the order of 'Understanding play - Creation of Works - Appreciation of Works' in the order of 'Understanding play - Artwork - Appreciation' have. Even if such a curriculum considers the study linked to the subject of 'Plays', students may not feel the 'burden' of 'creation', and by simplifying the understanding of 'spoken language', it is rather the characteristic of 'Korean language'. It may also make it difficult for students to feel the attraction. In addition, empathy through the conflict situation of the play or comparison with the actual conflict is mainly presented through the translation of foreign works or the expression of a fairy tale and fantastic world that is far from reality, so the burden of inferring the right life problems can be confirmed. Theatrical expressions and plays and plays learned through textbooks are partially different depending on the educational goals to be achieved. The result of this study is that the course of textbooks for elementary and upper grades may correspond to the problem of expressing 'Plays', but it is regrettable in leading students to think about ways to solve life problems in detail through 'Plays'. It is also necessary to emphasize the importance of expression that makes students realize how to express themselves autonomously in the way of expressing their feelings, but on the other hand, on the other hand, it is necessary to share empathy with feelings first, understand these feelings, Therefore, it was suggested that training to infer expressions and emotions by learning individual expressions through methods of expressing emotions and a process of educating students to voluntarily accept shared emotions are also necessary. Sharing and expressing emotional emotions through 'play', and participation through cooperation and division of labor through the process of performing.