• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the formation of apatite layer on two different titanium substrate treated with biomimetic method, Titanium plates were heat-treated at different temperatures of $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$, and $800^{\circ}C$ for 5 h in air atmosphere, And then, that plates were chemically treated with an alkali solution of 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), The pre-treated titanium plates were soaked in the simulated body fluid (SBF) of Kokubo's recipe, After soaking for 7 days and 21 days in SBF, the coated layers formed on the titanium plates were characterized and compared with the morphology and chemical composition, The apatite formation was more activated on the titanium plates chemically treated with NaOH compared with the only heat-treated titanium plates.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2005

Objective: To achieve optimal fit of implant, it is necessary to bend the implant during spine surgery. Bending procedure may decrease stiffness of plate especially made of titanium and stainless steel. Typically titanium suffers adverse effects including early crack propagation when it is bent. We investigate whether 6 degree bending of titanium plates would decrease the stiffness after full cyclic loading by comparing with non-bending titanium plates group. Methods: Authors experimented 40 titanium alloy plates of 57mm in length, manufactured by 5 different companies. Total 40 plates were divided into two groups (20 bent plates for experimental group and 20 non-bent plates for control group). Twenty plates of experimental group were bent to 6 degree with 3-point bending technique and verified with image analyzer. Using the electron microscope, we sought for a initial crack before and after 3-point bending. Mechanical testing by means of 6000 cyclic axial-compression loading of 35N in compression with moment arm of 35mm-1.1 Nm was conducted on each plate and followed by the electron microscopic examination to detect crack or fissure on plates. Results: The stiffness was decreased after 6000 cyclic loading, but there was no statistically significant difference in stiffness between experimental and control group. There was no evidence of change in grain structure on the electron microscopic magnification. Conclusion: The titanium cervical plates can be bent to 6 degree without any crack or weakness of plate. We also assume that minimal bending may increase the resistance to fatigue fracture in cervical flexion-extension movement.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.285-290
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• 2014

Objectives: We compared resorbable plates with titanium plates for treatment of combined mandibular angle and symphyseal fractures. Materials and Methods: Patients with mandibular angle and symphysis fractures were divided into two groups. The control (T) group received titanium plates while the experimental (R) group received resorbable plates. All procedures were carried out under general anesthesia using standard surgical techniques. We compared the frequency of wound dehiscence, development of infection, malocclusion, malunion, screw breakage, and any other technical difficulties between the two groups. Results: Thirteen patients were included in the R group, where 39 resorbable plates were applied. The T group consisted of 16 patients who received 48 titanium plates. The mean age in the R and T groups was 28.29 and 24.23 years, respectively. Primary healing of the fractured mandible was obtained in all patients in both groups. Postoperative complications were minor and transient. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the rates of various complications between the two groups. Breakage of 3 screws during the perioperative period was seen in the R group, while no screws or plates were broken in the T group. Conclusion: Resorbable plates can be used to stabilize combined mandibular angle and symphysis fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.472-476
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• 2008

The surface region of commercial stainless steel 304 and 316 plates has been modified through deposition of the multi-layered coatings composed of titanium film ($0.1{\mu}m$) and gold film ($1-2{\mu}m$) by an electron beam evaporation method. XRD patterns of the stainless steel plates deposited with conductive metal films showed the peaks of the external gold film and the stainless steel substrate. Surface microstructural morphologies of the stainless steel bipolar plates modified with multi-layered coatings were observed by AFM and FE-SEM images. The stainless steel plates modified with $0.1{\mu}m$ titanium film and $1{\mu}m$ gold film showed microstructure of grains of under 100 nm diameter. The external surface of the stainless steel plates deposited with $0.1{\mu}m$ titanium film and $2{\mu}m$ gold film represented somewhat grain growth of Au grains in FE-SEM image. The electrical resistance and water contact angle of the stainless steel bipolar plates modified with multi-layered coatings were examined with the thickness of the gold film.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.586-589
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• 2006

Deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap can be harvested as a composite free flap and is often used to adequately reconstruct wide mandibular defects. However, the harvesting of this DCIA flap can result in severe osseous defect of the donor site causing a morphologic defect in the iliac crest. To reconstruct this defect of the iliac donor site, several innovative techniques using bioactive ceramic spacers, autogenous rib bone, polylactic acid mesh, or titanium plates have been introduced. Nonetheless, these methods have not been widely used due to high cost, secondary donor site morbidity, difficulty of use, and postoperative dissatisfaction. We used two titanium plates to reconstruct the donor iliac site defect at the harvesting time of primary DCIA flap surgery in the 30-year old female with an ameloblastoma in the left mandible. Postoperatively, both iliac sites were relatively balanced and there were few complications. At the 2 years follow-up, there were no specific abnormal radiographic findings and the patient was very satisfied with her esthetic iliac contouring. In our report, we evaluate the effect of two titanium plates on the reconstruction of the iliac donor site in the aspects of esthetics and usefulness. This technique has many advantages, such as reduced cost, simplicity, decreased postoperative pain or discomfort, and improved bilateral balance of both anterior iliac crest contours, especially in young female patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4535-4538
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the value of porous titanium alloy plates for chest wall reconstruction after resection of chest wall tumors. Materials and Methods: A total of 8 patients with chest wall tumors admitted in our hospital from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2009 were selected and underwent tumor resection, then chest wall repair and reconstruction with porous titanium alloy plates for massive chest wall defects. Results: All patients completed surgery successfully with tumor resection-induced chest wall defects being $6.5{\times}7cm{\sim}12{\times}15.5$ cm in size. Two weeks after chest wall reconstruction, only 1 patient had subcutaneous fluidify which healed itself after pressure bandaging following fluid drainage. Postoperative pathological reports showed 2 patients with costicartilage tumors, 1 with squamous cell carcinoma of lung, 1 with lung adeno-carcinoma, 1 with malignant lymphoma of chest wall, 2 with chest wall metastasis of breast cancers and 1 with chest wall neurofibrosarcoma. All patients had more than 2~5 years of follow-up, during which time 1 patient with breast cancer had surgical treatment due to local recurrence after 7 months and none had chest wall reconstruction associated complications. The mean survival time of patients with malignant tumors was ($37.3{\pm}5.67$) months. Conclusions: Porous titanium alloy plates are safe and effective in the chest wall reconstruction after resection of chest tumors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2024

Objective: A three-dimensional-printed individual titanium plate was applied for maxillary protraction to eliminate side effects and obtain the maximum skeletal effect. This study aimed to explore the stress distribution characteristics of sutures during maxillary protraction using individual titanium plates in various directions and locations. Methods: A protraction force of 500 g per side was applied at forward and downward angles between 0° and 60° with respect to the Frankfort horizontal plane, after which the titanium plate was moved 2 and 4 mm upward and downward, respectively. Changes in sutures with multiple protraction directions and various miniplate heights were quantified to analyze their impact on the maxillofacial bone. Results: Protraction angle of 0-30° with respect to the Frankfort horizontal plane exhibited a tendency for counterclockwise rotation in the maxilla. At a 40° protraction angle, translational motion was observed in the maxilla, whereas protraction angles of 50-60° tended to induce clockwise rotation in the maxilla. Enhanced protraction efficiency at the lower edge of the pyriform aperture was associated with increased height of individual titanium plates. Conclusions: Various protraction directions are suitable for patients with different types of vertical bone surfaces. Furthermore, when the titanium plate was positioned lower, the protraction force exhibited an increase.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2006

Backgrounds: Though they are considered as reliable devices, titanium plates and screws have limitations due to some potential problems. To overcome these problems, researches on bioabsorbable materials for internal fixation have been continuing. Recently, there are many clinical trials to apply biodegradable internal fixation devices in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of application of bioabsorbable plates and screws in orthognathic surgery. Methods: Fifty-four patients with dentofacial deformity (17 male patients and 37 female patients) were selected in this study. The patients were treated by internal fixation using bioabsorbable plates and 2.4-mm, 2.0-mm pretapped screws (Biosorb FX, Bionix Implants, Inc., Finland). The patients were evaluated for complications during the follow-up period. Results: Five patients (9.3%) experienced complications. All complications in these cases were infection. No other complications related with physical or mechanical properties of bioabsorbable plates were found such as malunion or nonunion, fractures of plates and loosening of screws. All complications were minor and adequately managed with drainage and supportive care with antibiotics coverage. Conclusions: From the results, the use of these fixation systems in orthognathic surgery will provide a promising alternative titanium fixation in appropriate cases.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 1993

The high biocompatibility of titanium is connected with the high corrosion resistance of the surface oxide, its high dielectric constant, and some other specific biochemical properties of the oxide. The corrosion resistance of titanium can be improved with the formation of passive film by anodic oxidation. In other to characterize the titantium oxlde film formed by anodic oxidation, titanium plates were anodized in 0.5M $H_3SO_4$ electrolyte at voltages between 5V and 100v. The oxide film was examined by an X-Ray Diffractometer(XRD) and a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). In addition, the corrosion resistance of oxide film was tested by dipping in physiological NaCl,5% HCI,5% $H_3PO_4$ and its biocompatability was evaluated by the fibroblast-like cell culture. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The thickness of surface oxide and micropore are increased with the increase of electrode potential and formed deeply along the grain boundary. 2. The solubilities of titanium in electrolyte solution shows that the anodized titanium has more corrosion resistance than the untreated pure titanium. 3. The biocomatibility of anodized titanium is superior to untreated pure titanium.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.6.1-6.9
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• 2015

Orthognathic surgery requires stable fixation for uneventful healing of osteotomized bony segments and optimal remodeling. Titanium plates and screws have been accepted as the gold standard for rigid fixation in orthognathic surgery. Although titanium osteofixation is the most widely used approach, the use of bioabsorbable devices has been increasing recently. Biodegradation of bioabsorbable devices eliminates the need for a second operation to remove metal plates and screws. However, long-term stability and relapse frequency in bioabsorbable osteofixation are still insufficiently studied, especially in cases of segmental movements of great magnitude or segmental movements to a position where bony resistance exists. This paper reviews the background, techniques, and complications of bioabsorbable osteofixation and compares bioabsorbable and titanium osteofixation in orthognathic surgery in terms of skeletal stability.