• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.63-79
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• 2020

The present study was to investigate the growth response and nutrient absorption in three willow species (Salix gracilistyla, S. koreensis and S. chaenomeloides) treated with nitrogen source (NH₄⁺:NO₃^- rate; 200:0, 150:50, 100:100, 50:150, 200:0) for a period of 90days. The height, dry weight and chlorophyll contents of three species of willows were found to be highest at 50:150 (NH₄⁺:NO₃^-) treatment. NO₃^--N was more effective than NH₄⁺-N in the early growth of three species of willows. The increase in percentage of NO₃^--N handling, T-N, NO₃^--N in plant tissue increased. The analysis of C, N and mineral content in various parts revealed that the amounts of C, N, K, Ca and Mg were higher in leaves than those in the stems and the roots. However, the amount of NO₃^--N and P were higher in roots than those in the leaves and the stems. Salix koreensis was excellent, followed by S. chaenomeloides and S. gracilistyla in absorption of nitrate nitrogen. Higher percentage of NO₃^--N, the amounts of T-N, NO₃^--N, P₂O₅, K, Na, Ca, and pH in soil were decreased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-55
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• 1997

The shoot tips of Delphinium cv. Princess Caroline were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with cytokinin and auxin alone or in combination. Among cytokinins, BA was most effective in shoot multiplication, adequqte concentrations being 1.0-5.0 mg/L. Shoot multiplication was very favorable on the media with 1.0-3.0 mg/L BA and 0.1-0.5 mg/L IAA. Additions of BA and IAA did not stimulate shoot multiplication, but increased a little fresh weight. Shoots were scarcely rooted on the media with IBA or NAA, and were not done utterly on the media containing activated charcoal. Therefore, shoots were treated by Rootone and planted in the cultural media for in vivo rooting. The highest rate of rooting was 68% in the mixed cultural medium composed of Perlite 1 and Vermiculite 1.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.291-301
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• 2005

Objective : Anticancerous and host safety effects of the combination of Astragali Radix and chlorambucil are studied when it is applied to leukemia cell(P388D1 cell) related disease. Methods : After 5 groups of mice are treated by respective procedures (HG, CHL, HG+CHL, etc), the quantitative analyses (cell proliferation assay, mutagenesis test, survival rate, weight shift observation, tissue and blood analyses, etc) are conducted. Results : While sole injection of Astragali Radix extends the survival period and deter the liver and marrow function deterioration, combined injection (HG+CHL) shows more strong anticancerous effect than sole injection of Astragali Radix or Cholrambucil, and also does not cause any mutation on the normal cells and virulence on marrow and liver caused by leukemia. Conclusions : The combined application of Astragali Radix and chlorambucil has more effective anticancerous and host safety effects than independent use of them.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.95-113
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• 2009

Objectives This study was investigated to find how the orally administrated Moschus, herbal combination with Moschus, and herbal combination improves the rats' memory and rats' liver. These medications are generally known asthe memory improvement. Methods This study used the Sprague Dawley rats. They were divided into two groups - SD rats and orally administrated Saline(Control group). 0.473 mg/kg Moschus(HM-A), 153.9 mg/kg herbal composition without Moschus(HM-B), and 165.95 mg/kg herbal composition with Moschus combined(HM-C) Control, saline were orally administered. Each group was trained in the eight-arm radial maze task at the conditions of before oral administrated, and also right after third, sixth, and eighth by oral administration. Lastly, these animals were killed and were tested for brain tissue and serum AST/ALT level to measure how the medications were effected to the liver function. Results The result of radial eight-arm maze task test, the HM-B and HM-C groups showed significant decrease in mistakes from the fourth day of testing. Whereas, the HM-A group showed increasing in the error rate. HM-A and HM-C group of rats had significantly increased amount of acetylcholinesterase in the CA1 region of hippocampus, compared to the control group. Whereas, HM-B and HM-C group had increased level of ChAT compared to the control group. On the other hand, each experimental group did not show any significant difference to the level of serum AST/ALT and the weight ratio of the liver to the body. Conclusions This study provided evidences that the orally administered memory improvement herbal medication, and Moschus were effective to improve memory.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.622-626
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• 2007

Using multi-trait animal model BLUP, selection was conducted over seven generations for growth rate (DG), real-time ultrasound loin-eye muscle area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat content (IMF) to develop a new line of purebred Duroc pigs with enhanced meat production and meat quality. This study was intended to investigate the relationship between restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of a heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) gene and intramuscular fat content (IMF) of this Duroc purebred population. The present experiment examined the RFLP of 499 slaughtered pigs. The DNA was separated from the blood or ear tissue of the pigs, which were slaughtered at 105 kg of body weight. Intramuscular fat content of the longissimus muscle was measured using chemical analysis. A significant difference was detected in the breeding value of IMF among the H-FABP PCR RFLP genotypes. The AA genotype has a significantly larger positive effect on the IMF breeding value than do the Aa and aa genotypes for the MspI RFLP. In addition, the DD genotype has a significantly greater positive effect on IMF breeding value than the Dd and dd genotypes for the HaeIII RFLP. For the HinfI RFLP, the hh genotype has a significantly larger positive effect on IMF breeding value than the HH genotype. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the IMF breeding values as the dependent variable and the three H-FABP genotypes as independent variables. Results revealed that the contribution of the genotypes to variation in IMF breeding values was approximately 40%. These results demonstrated that H-FABP RFLPs affect IMF in this Duroc population.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.369-373
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• 2005

The objectives of the current work is to understand the factors impacting the formulation and performance of a Carbopol mucoadhesive buccal delvery system for a model peptide drug, $[D-Ala{^2},\;D-Leu{^5}]$enkephalin (DADLE, Mw=569.7) with comparable chemical and enzymatic stability. Specifically, in vitro buccal DADLE delivery from the cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel system was characterized. In addition, the influences of several penetration enhancers on the ex vivo buccal absorption of DADLE were also studied. In this study, the PAA hydrogels generally swell to 100% of their original weight in the phosphate pH 7.4 buffer. The water penetration into the PAA hydrogel occurred based on a zero-order kinetics for the first 60 min and steadily decreased afterwards. From the release study, it can be seen that the initial DADLE release was so rapid and the rate of release of DADLE decreased as the time elapsed. The porcine buccal tissue was found to be permeable to DADLE with a flux value of $0.07%/cm{^2}/hr({\pm}0.01\;SD)$. From the ex vivo diffusion study, it was found that sodium taurodihydrofusidate showed a greater degree of enhancement compared to the phospholipids with an Enhancement Ratio (ER) of 8.7 compared to 2.7 and 1.9 for didecanoylphosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine, respectively. The work encompassed within this paper has demonstrated the feasibility of using the PAA hydrogel delivery system with its good mucoadhesive properties for the buccal delivery of peptides.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 1999

Immature plums(Prunus salicina L.) were coated with edible coatings, calcium-added methyl cellulose(CaMC) and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose-15(CaHPMC-15). Weight loss and respiration rate of immature plums coated with CaMC and CaHPMC-15 were lower only at the earlier storage period. The titratable acidity of plums was decreased and pH was increased during storage, Soluble pectin, pectinesterase, and polygalacturonase activity as the marker of softening were commonly increased with storage time, but those increases were lower in CaMC and CaHPMC-15-coated plums. Mechanical firmness became significantly soft during storage, while the coated plums were remained harder. As a result of sensory evaluation, softening of plum tissue was found during storage, but the coated plums had the harder texture. These data suggest that the application of CaMC or CaHPMC-15 coatings into immature plums can reduce the postharvest softening during storage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2271-2275
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• 2016

Background: The value of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in fluorescence detection of peritoneal metastases and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in patients with peritoneal surface malignancies. Materials and Methods: Oral 5-ALA was administered at a concentration of 20 mg/kg body weight with 50 ml of water 2 hours prior to surgery (n=115). The diagnostic value of 5-ALA based fluorescence production was evaluated following white light inspection during prior to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Then, peptide transporter PEPT1 (ALA influx transporter) and ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (porphyrin efflux transporter) gene expression was determined with quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR and pathological diagnoses confirmed for all tissue samples. Results: The 5-ALA based photodynamic detection rate was 17% for appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, 54% for colorectal cancers, 33% for gastric cancers, 67% for diffuse malign peritoneal mesotheliomas, and 89% for epithelial ovarian cancer of peritoneal metastases. 5-ALA was detected in all cases of peritoneal metastases originating from cholangiocarcinomas whereas it was not able to detect any in granulosa cell and gastrointestinal stromal tumor cases. Furthermore, PEPT1 was overexpressed whereas ABCG2 expression was downregulated in tumors detected with fluorescence. Conclusions: 5-ALA provided 100% specificity and high sensitivity to detect peritoneal metastases in subgroups of patients with peritoneal surface mailgnancies. ALA influx transporter PEPT1 and porphyrin efflux transporter ABCG2 genes are important in tumor specific 5-ALA induced fluorescence in vivo. Further studies should clarify diagnostic utility of 5-ALA in peritoneal surface malignancies.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1987

This experiment was performed on mice to investigate the effects of an immunopotentiator, picibanil(PC), on the immune responses such as phagocytic activity of reticuloen-dothelial(RE) system, E rosette formation rate of splenic lmphocytes and morphological changes of lymph node tissue. Groups of mice were treated with a single(1KE/kg BW) or sequential(0.1, 0.25 and 0.5KE/kg BW for successive 3 days) intravenous injections of PC. PC treated and untreated control mice were sensitized with 50% sheep erythrocyte suspension(0.2ml/mouse) at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after PC treatment. Functional and morphological examinations were carried out 5 days after sensitization. The following results were obtained: The phagocytic activity of RE system and the weight of liver and spleen were increased significantly at 3rd, 5th and 7th day. The peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte and percent of lymphocyte and monocyte were slightly increased. The rates of E rosette formation of splenic lymphotytes, sequential PC treated groups were more increased at 3rd and 5th day in sequential PC treated groups than in single treated groups. Thereafter it returned gradually to the control level by the time of 10th day. Microscopically primary lymph follicles with indistinct germinal center (GC) were partially disrupted and the parafollicular areas were consisted of the pyroninophilic cells in control group. In PC treated group, the parafollicular areas were markedly proliferated and developments of secondary lymph follicles with enlarged and prominent GC were more pronounced in the sequential injected groups compared to single injected groups. These results indicate that PC affected not only parafollicular area of the T-cell area, but also GC of the B-cell area. It suggests that PC may potentiate both cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 1998

The conductivity test is a measure of electrolytes leakage from plant tissue. The shorter the maturation period after heading was the greater electrical conductivity (EC) of rice seed. The polymer-coated seed was not different in EC compared with non-coated seed. As soaking time of rice seed increased, EC increased gradually. The EC varied from 9.9 to 20.7$\mu$S $cm^{-1}g^{-l}$ for control plots and from 21.3 to 41.7$\mu$S $cm^{-1}g^{-l}$ for heat-killed seeds which were produced by autoclaving seeds at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. The germination speed (the rate of 5th day) of rice seed was 94% at control plot, 83% at low temperature and 20% at high temperature. Besides, germination percentage was 95% for the control, 92% for the low temperature treatment and 39% for the high temperature treatment. The EC was negatively correlated (r=-0.771$^{**}$) with germination percentage at low temperature. Water uptake in seeds of 30, 40, 50 days after heading (DAH) was greater than that of 20 DAH. Plant height of seedlings was 9.84 cm for the control but 4.32 cm for the high temperature treatment, and the tallest for polymer-coated seed. Dry weight of seedlings was 0.841 g for the control and 0.287 g at high temperature. Besides, the polymer-coated seed was heavier than non-coated seed. The number of roots was largest from 40 to 50 DAH and polymer-coated seed, but was decreased from 20 to 30 DAH. The length of roots was 20.52 cm at control plot and 19.89 cm polymer-coated seed but 8.68 cm for the low temperature treatment and 7.28 cm for the high temperature treatment.