• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.47.1-47.10
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• 2019

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been applied as a primary biomaterial for temporary soft tissue augmentation and as a carrier for cells and the delivery of growth factors to promote tissue regeneration. Although HA derivatives are the most versatile soft tissue fillers on the market, they are resorbed early, within 3 to 12 months. To overcome their short duration, they can be combined with cells or growth factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stimulating effects of human fibroblasts and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) on collagen synthesis during soft tissue augmentation by HA hydrogels and to compare these with the effects of a commercial HA derivative (Restylane^®). Methods: The hydrogel group included four conditions. The first condition consisted of hydrogel (H) alone as a negative control, and the other three conditions were bFGF-containing hydrogel (HB), human fibroblast-containing hydrogel (HF), and human fibroblast/bFGF-containing hydrogel (HBF). In the Restylane^® group (HGF), the hydrogel was replaced with Restylane^® (R, RB, RF, RBF). The gels were implanted subdermally into the back of each nude mouse at four separate sites. Twelve nude mice were used for the hydrogel (n = 6) and Restylane^® groups (n = 6). The specimens were harvested 8 weeks after implantation and assessed histomorphometrically, and collagen synthesis was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: The hydrogel group showed good biocompatibility with the surrounding tissues and stimulated the formation of a fibrous matrix. HBF and HF showed significantly higher soft tissue synthesis compared to H (p < 0.05), and human collagen type I was well expressed in HB, HF, and HBF; HBF showed the strongest expression. The Restylane^® filler was surrounded by a fibrous capsule without any soft tissue infiltration from the neighboring tissue, and collagen synthesis within the Restylane^® filler could not be observed, even though no inflammatory reactions were observed. Conclusion: This study revealed that HA-based hydrogel alone or hydrogel combined with fibroblasts and/or bFGF can be effectively used for soft tissue augmentation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1456-1458
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• 2006

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1777-1786
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• 2009

Thymosin ${\beta}4$, a small protein containing 43 amino acids, has multi-functional roles in cell physiology. It was first identified as a thymic maturation factor and recently has been shown to accelerate wound healing, hair growth, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. It was also reported to play a key role in developing organs, including the nervous system and heart. Thymosin ${\beta}4$ induces the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), laminin-5, and other important biologically active genes. Using tissue microarray analysis, we investigated the expression patterns of thymosin ${\beta}4$ and VEGF in various normal human adult tissues. Thymosin ${\beta}4$ was highly expressed in the liver, pancreas, ductal epithelium of the salivary gland, and heart, and moderately expressed in the skin, lung, spleen, lymph node, thymus, ureter, and blood endothelial cells in both the lung and adrenal gland. The expression of VEGF generally co-localized with thymosin ${\beta}4$ and VEGF was highly expressed in the pancreas, ureter, mammary gland, liver, esophagus, and blood endothelial cells in both the lung and adrenal gland. These results suggest that thymosin ${\beta}4$ plays an important role in the function of various organs and since the expression pattern of thymosin ${\beta}4$ co-localized with VEGF, part of that function may be to induce or maintain angiogenesis.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1458-1460
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• 2008

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that utilizes the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the creation of biological substitutes. Traditionally, major components of tissue engineering are cells, scaffolds, growth factors and recently biomechanical aspects have been given much attention. A large number of studies have reported that mechanical signals are of particular interest in either encouraging or inhibiting cellular responses. In tissue engineering, cell adhesion is a very important step, because quality of adhesion may determine a cell fate in the future. Elasticity of cell-adhesive substrate is found critical in regulating stem cell differentiation. Cells exert different contractile forces for cell migration, depending on substrate mechanics. Though tissue engineering is very interactive with diverse expertise, for a breakthrough, principles of biomechanics in tissue and cell level needs to be fully understood.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.306-306
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• 2003

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2007

The effects of water flow rate and phytoplankton concentration on the growth of the sandy shore clam Gafrarium tumidum was investigated in a laboratory flume study using a $3{\times}3$ factorial design. After 60 days, shell length, shell weight and tissue dry weight increased significantly with phytoplankton concentration. For the effect of flow rate, growth was faster when flow rate increased from low to medium level; further increases in flow rate, however, either did not sustain faster growth or resulted in a reduction in growth. The condition index (CI) of a standard-sized clam was significantly higher at low flow rate than at medium and high flow rates and was negatively correlated with phytoplankton concentration. The uncoupled growth of shell and tissue in response to flow rate and phytoplankton concentration may be adaptations to low food environments, so that energy can either be stored to sustain life or reserved for gametogenesis during the reproductive period.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.485-495
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• 2019

Photobiomodulation (PBM) using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) surface light sources have recently been claimed to be the next generation of PBM light sources. However, the differences between light emitting diodes (LEDs) and OLED mechanisms in vitro and in vivo have not been well studied. In vivo mouse models were used to investigate the effects of OLED irradiation on cellular function and cutaneous wound healing compared to LED irradiation. Mice in the LED- and OLED-irradiated groups were subjected to irradiation with 6 J/㎠ LED and OLED (630 nm), respectively, for 14 days after wounding, and some mice were sacrificed for the experiments on days 3, 7, 10, and 14. To evaluate wound healing, we performed hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining and quantified collagen density by computerized image analysis. The results showed that the size of the wound, collagen density, neo-epidermis thickness, number of new blood vessels, and number of fibroblasts and neutrophils was significantly influenced by LED and OLED irradiation. The tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were investigated by immunohistochemical staining. LED and OLED irradiation resulted in a significant increase in the tissue IL-β and IL-6 levels at the early stage of wound healing (P < 0.01), and a decrease in the tissue TNF-α level at all stages of wound healing (P < 0.05), compared to the no-treatment group. The expression levels of the genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were significantly increased in LED and OLED-irradiated wound tissue at the early stage of wound healing (P < 0.01) compared to the no-treatment group. Thus, OLED as well as LED irradiation accelerated wound healing by modulating the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the expression levels of genes encoding growth factors, promoting collagen regeneration and reducing scarring. In conclusion, this suggests the possibility of OLED as a new light source to overcome the limitations of existing PBMs.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.303-312
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• 2007

Recently several studies have been developed not only to apply bone materials to bony defect, but also to use osteogenic and osteoinductive materials to form bone more effectively. In 1998 Mark et al applied gel formation of PRP(platelet-rich plasma) in bony transplantation for mandibular reconstruction as one of the method of stimulating bone formation in maxillofacial area, which is contain of varies growth factors. After he reported that PRP accelerate bone formation, which is used in varies bone transplantation and augmentation with a good result. Especially there are amount of growth factors in PRP, and PRP increase angiogenesis, cell division, and mesenchymal cell growth. Moreover it is capable of osteoconduction, hemostatitis, anti-infection, forming the shape at transplantation, ease of handling, and recipient site stability. So it is known that success rate is high in bone transplantation. However PRP need tissue adhesive to make plasma to solid form. Thrombin and calcium chloride, component of PRP, is extracted from autogenic donor. So it is expensive to extract and there is possibility of hepatitis, AIDS, and hematogenous metastasis. After all, tissue adhesive have the limitation and danger of use. So we are willing to introduce that we had get some idea after using PRF(platelet-rich fibrin) in the various hard and soft tissue bony defect, which is self extracted simply and contain growth factors.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.895-903
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratios (UFA to SFA ratios) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood lipid parameters, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 45 crossbred pigs ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire), with an average initial body weight of 60.3±2.4 kg, were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 dietary UFA to SFA ratios. Results: Both average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas backfat thickness was decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased quadratically or linearly (p<0.05) respectively, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased quadratically (p<0.05) with increasing dietary UFA to SFA ratio. In M. longissimus thoracis, the proportion of C18:1 and monounsaturated FA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were increased linearly (p<0.05) as dietary UFA to SFA ratio increased. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue, the proportion of SFA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and the UFA to SFA ratios were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Meat color scores and shear force of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas drip loss and cooking loss were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Conclusion: Appropriately boosted dietary UFA to SFA ratio could be conductive to optimize blood lipid parameters and tissue FA composition. However, when the ratio is too high or too low it tends to have negative effects on growth performance and meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1760-1765
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• 2008

A total of 60 one-day-old Yellow-feather broiler chickens were allotted into treatment and control groups. The treatment group was fed with the diet supplemented with 3% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for 48 d, while control group was fed with the diet supplemented with 3% rapeseed oil. Chickens were slaughtered in each group at the age of 49 d, and the blood and the abdominal adipose tissue were sampled. Serum cLeptin and serum cAdiponectin were measured by ELISA. The total RNA was extracted from adipose tissue to measure the abundance of the chicken growth hormone receptor (cGHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (cIGF-1), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (cIGF-IR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($cPPAR{\gamma}$), cAdiponectin and cAdipoIR mRNA by RT-PCR using ${\beta}$-actin as an internal standard. Results showed that the CLA decreased the abdominal fat index by 20.93% (p<0.05). The level of serum cLeptin but not serum cAdiponectin was significantly increased by CLA treatment (p<0.05). CLA down-regulated the relative abundance of cGH-R mRNA and $cPPAR{\gamma}$ mRNA in abdominal adipose tissue by 24.74% (p<0.05) and 66.52% (p<0.01) respectively. However, no differences were found between CLA treatment group and control group (p>0.05) in the relative abundance of cIGF-1, cIGF-IR, cAdiponectin, and cAdipoIR mRNA in abdominal adipose tissue. The data suggested that CLA inhibited abdominal fat deposition in broiler chicken may be determined by decreasing the GHR available for GH, and by inhibiting the differentiation of preadipocytes via down-regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$, but independent of IGF and (or) GH-IGF pathway or adiponectin action.