• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 2002

The effects of dietary Int levels on lipid metabolism under fixed P/S (1.3) and n-6/n-3 (5.1) fatty acid ratios were examined in rats using palm oil, soybean oil and perilla oil. These ratios correspond to the recommended composition of dietary fat for humans. The range of dietary fat levels was 5-20% by weight (11.8-39.3% of total energy). The levels of dietary fat did not influence the concentrations of serum and liver cholesterol, whereas the level of triglycerides was gradually elevated with increasing levels of dietary fat, especially in the liver. The fatty acid composition of tissue phosphatidylcholine seemed to vary with the different levels of fat. The ratio of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid was increased more significantly in the heart than in the liver. In adipose tissue total lipids, the percentages of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased, whereas the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid increased, with increasing dietary Int levels. In addition, though the level of aortic prostacyclin was not uniformly affected by increasing dietary fat levels, thromboxane A2 production by platelets tended to increase with higher levels of dietary fat, suggesting an increased risk of thrombosis in this situation. Thus, even though dietary fat may have desirable compositions of fatty acids, these excessive consumption can produce unfavorable metabolic responses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.283-289
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• 2002

A comparative study on the quality of meat from three breeds of goats reared in Bulgaria: Local Aboriginal (LA); Bulgarian White Dairy (BWD) and crossbreeds of local aboriginal with Saanen goats (LA ${\times}$ S). Eight intact young male goats from each breed have been included in the experiment. The animals from the three breeds have been reared under similar conditions. The animals have been slaughtered at the age of 2 months (at weaning) and at the age of 6 months (upon reaching sexual maturity). The following tests have been performed on samples of m. longissimus dorsi between $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ ribs: pH 45 min post mortum, colorimetrically color of meat, water holding capacity and fatty acid composition of the fat. The thickness of muscle fibre and the proportion of muscle, connective and adipose tissue have been microscopically determined at m. longissimus dorsi, m. semitendinosus and m. iliopsoas. After deboning and separating the bigger tendons, the chemical composition of the meat from the left half of the carcass has been determined. The results reveal lack of statistically significant differences among the three breeds concerning pH, the water holding capacity, color of meat, thickness of the muscle fibre and fatty acid composition of the fat. The carcass meat of crossbreeds of LA ${\times}$ S contains significantly more fat than the other two breeds. This influences the proportion of muscle, connective and adipose tissue in m. longissimus dorsi, m. semitendinosus and m. iliopsoas, resulting in more adipose tissue in the LA ${\times}$ S compared to young goats of the LA or the BWD. There are differences in slaughtering 2-month-old goats (at weaning) and 6-month-old ones (upon reaching sexual maturity). At a greater age the content of fat in the carcass increases, as well as the quantity of the adipose tissue, the intensity of the colour of the meat and there is a tendency towards thickening of the muscle fibre and increasing the water holding capacity of meat. The moisture content in meat decreases due to the increase of fat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1394-1400
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• 2003

In this study a natural composition containing oriental herbs, KSH28, for reducing obesity and metabolic syndrome was constructed and its efficacy was evaluated in animal and human. To investigate the anti-obesity effect of KSH28, animal study was conducted using high fat diet-induced obese mice. KSH28 significantly decreased body weight and adipose tissue in high fat diet-fed obese mice. The mean size of fat cells in adipose tissue was significantly reduced. Glucose and triglyceride levels were also significantly decreased. To elucidate its efficacy in human, a natural food containing KSH28 with grains, vegetables, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers was constructed and 40 subjects (8 male and 32 female) were tested for the change of body composition, blood pressure and blood lipid profile. All subjects had 2 pack (309 each) of natural food per day for 4 weeks. Compared to the baseline value, body fat was significantly reduced, however, water, protein and mineral contents in the body were not changed, suggesting selective reduction of fat tissue. Blood pressure and serum lipid profile were significantly decreased to reduce risk for metabolic syndrome. Serum GPT, a liver function indicator, was not changed and no significant side effects were detected. Therefore, it was shown that the KSH28 is a safe and effective composition for reducing obesity and metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.103-112
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• 2014

This study explores the typology of the urban detached houses in the new housing quarters that were created in the process of Seoul's urbanization in the aftermath of the Korean War. It analyzes and compares the urban tissue and space allocation set when the new urban residential areas were organized according to different methods of production. Based on the comparative analysis of housing built in the same time of 1960s, this study aims to deduce why a specific urban detached housing type was selected as an influential housing prototype and how this spread in later generations. Case study sites selected for this study include: the new Urban Hanok towns of Yongdu-dong, filled with mass Urban Hanoks built by housing developers; the single-family detached housing district of Myunmok-dong, filled with individual dwellings built by private builders; and the housing complex of detached houses in Suyu-dong, developed by government-sponsorship during the early 1960s. Each case examines the following: first, the difference in housing typology allocation according to urban tissue; second, the difference in spatial composition and arrangement within plots. As a result, it was found that differences in typology occur depending on which of the social, cultural, economic and technical factors was preferentially considered in forming urban tissue and allocating buildings in each residential area.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.192-202
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• 1994

The fatty acid composition of a rapeseed oil being on the market was analyzed and the effect on gain of the body weight and lipid levels in serum and liver tissue of male rats of Sprague-Dawely strain fed the diet containing the rapeseed oil were studied. The fatty acid components of marketed rapeseed oil was oleic acid 29.4%, erucic acid 26.52%, linoleic acid 20.39% and linolenic acid 8.68%. The contents of total lipid in serum W3S Significantly higher in RSO20 group than Contr01 group(P< 0.01) . But that in the liver tissue did 001 show significant differences. The contents of triglyceride in serum was control group 84.14mg/dll, RSO15 group 100.33mg 141 and RSO20 group 122.00mg 141 and showed significant difference between each group, but that in the livertissue did not show significant differences. The contents of phospholipid in serum did not show significant differences. But that in the liver tissue showed significant difference between the control group 8.42mg /g and Rs02o group 7.34mg /g(p<0.001). The contents of total-cholesterol and free-cholesterol in serum and liver tissue of the RSO20 group showed the highest levels compared with control group, but there did not show significant differences. The contents of ester-cholesterol in serum showed significant.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

In the present study, we investigated temporal variation in the reproductive effort and biochemical contents in adult Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum at Shi-Heung-Ri beach on the east coast of Jeju Island. Gonad-somatic index (GSI), a ratio of the egg mass to the total biomass determined using ELISA increased dramatically from late May to June (7.1% to 19.5%). In mid-July, GSI dropped to 15.1%, indicating spawning on a small scale during this period. GSI also declined dramatically from late August (15.5%) to September (4.3%), suggesting that massive spawning occurred during this period. A positive correlation was observed between clam size and potential fecundity, while potential fecundity ranged between 1.19-8.40 million eggs/clam. Total proteins and lipids in the tissue increased from late spring to mid-summer, coinciding with an increase in GSI. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents in the tissue were lowest in January, indicating that clams were suffering from poor nutritional circumstances, which may be associated with poor food supply from the environment. Monthly increase and/or decrease in the body weight were closely related to gonad maturation and subsequent spawning, which was also linked to temporal changes in the contents of protein, lipid and carbohydrates in the tissue.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 1998

This study was analyzed through the reports which published on the subject matter of Su Dong-Myun from 1994 to 1997 and the medical record of patient in Su-Dong Myun health subcenter. The result are as follow: 1. The number of population in Su-Dong Myun(study area) was 5,475 in 1994, 5,707 in 1995, 6,079 in 1996 and 6,253 in 1997. In composition rate of population, "65 and over" of age group only showed markedly increasing tendancy from 9.8% in l995 to 10.2% in 1997. However, the rest of all age group showed decreasing tendancy. 2. Annual utilization rate showed decreasing tendancy, such as 247 in 1994. 203 in 1995, 146 in 1996, and 140 in 1997 per 1000 population. But visiting time is increasing tendency, such as 3.1 in 1994, 2.8 in 1995. 2.4 in 1996 and 3.4 in 1997 per disease case. 3. Age specific annual utilization rate, all age showed decreasing tendancy in the age group of "0-14", "15-44" and "45-64", however showed increasing tendency in the age group of "65 and over" from 1994 to 1997. 4. The major disease were disease of Respiratory system. Gastrointestinal system. Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue. Skin and Subcutaneous tissue and Circulatory system The disease of Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue and Circulatory system are increasing.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2001

The fluorescence emanating from a biological tissue contains information about scattering, absorption and the intrinsic fluorescence (fluorescence only due to fluorophores). Becaue fluorescence spectra of biological tissue are often significantly affected by the presence of tissue absorbers and scatterers, the measured tissue fluorescence cannot be interpreted as a linear combination of intrinsic fluorescence spectra of different tissue biochemical. We conducted experiments to examine the influence of scattering and absorption on the experimentally measured fluorescence of a turbid medium such as biological tissue. Therefore, we acquired fluorescence and reflectance spectra of tissue phantoms with a wide range of scatterer and absorber concentrations. By applying a photon migration model, which uses the scattering and absorption information contained in reflectance spectra to remove their distortion also present in fluorescence spectra, we extract the intrinsic fluorescence of these tissue models. We achieved excellent agreement between modeled and actual intrinsic fluorescence spectra. The motivation for this research is that intrinsic fluorescence spectra are expected to change with progression of disease in human tissue, due to changes in the tissue biochemical composition. It is not possible to distinguish the two tissue types by using only the measured fluorescence, however clear separation can be achieved with the intrinsic fluorescence in real time optical biopsy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.901-909
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• 1994

The effects of sardine oil(high in eicosapentaenoic acid : EPA) and tuna oil(high in docosahexaenoic acid : DHA, also high in EPA) on fatty acid composition of brain and learning ability were evaluated in male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats and compared with the effects of corn oil and beef tallow. Animals assigned by randomized block design to one of the four experimental diet groups containing dietary lipid at 15%(w/w) level were given ad libitum for 7 weeks. Food intake and body weight gain of the fish oil groups were significantly lower than those of the corn oil and beef tallow groups. However, brain weights of the groups were not significantly different. In the brain fatty acid composition, the corn oil group showed high concentrations of n-6 fatty acids, the fish oil groups of n-3 fatty acids, and the beef tallow group of saturated fatty acids. Brain EPA and DHA contents of the fish oil groups showed significantly higher than the other groups while the brain ratio of saturated/monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid was controlled in a narrow range. In a maze test, the fish oil groups appeared to arrive at the goal faster than the corn oil and beef tallow groups. It explained that EPA in diets might efficiently convert to DHA resulting in DHA accumulation in brain tissue and might increase the learning performance as DHA did.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.455-462
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• 1995

Arbor Acres broiler chickens (N=288) with an average initial weight of 59.4 g were fed diets varying in protein and lysine (80, 100, 120% of NRC; 100, 120% of NRC, 1984) in order to investigate the effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits and in vitro protein synthesis. Six replicates of eight chicks were grouped into one treatment Six chicks were sacrificed from each treatment for carcass analysis, and six additional chicks were chosen and dissected for in vitro culture of liver tissue. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, carcass composition and serum glucose, HDL/cholesterol ratio, serum triglyceride and serum nonesterified fatty acid appeared to be affected by either the level of dietary crude protein or lysine when supplemented with 200 ppb chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). Retained and secreted proteins in liver acinar cell cultured in vitro were not affected by dietary lysine level but affected by dietary protein level when added with 200 ppb chromium picolinate.