• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.247-251
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• 1988

본 실험은 같은 조건에서 8주령까지 사육된 부로일러 암ㆍ수의 가슴과 다리근육의 지질, 지폐산 및 총 Clesterol함량을 분석 비교한 것으로 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 암ㆍ수 부로일러 모두 가슴근육이 다리근육에 비하여 총지질과 중성지질 함량이 낮았으며 인지질과 당지질 함량은 많았다. 부로일러육의 불포화지방산 조성비는 중성지질과 인지질은 다리근육, 당지질은 가슴근육이 높았다. 암컷은 수컷에 비하여 당지질의 불포화지방산 비율이 낮았다. 암컷은 수컷에 비하여 중성지질의 palmitoleic acid, 인지질의 palmitoleic, stearic. linolenic, arachidic 및 arachidonic acid 그리고 당지질의 palmitoleic acid와 stearic acid가 많았다. 총 cholesterol 은 지방조직을 제거한 근육은 수컷의 다리, 지방조직을 제거하지 않은 것은 암컷의 다리에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.555-560
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• 1994

In order to observe the effects of the fees mixed with the lard and two vegetable seed oils on the fatty acid compositions of liver and brain tissue, the oils mixed with 2.5% lard and various levels of perilla oil and evening primrose oil were administered to the male rats of the Sprague-Dawley for 4 weeks . In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid, saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents were rich in the phopholiipide and cholesteryl ester fraction. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents were rich in the triglyceride fraction and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents were rich in the phospholipid fraction. In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions, according as the contents of mixed perilla oil decreased and the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased , n -3 PUFA contents tended to decrease and n-6 PUFA contents tended to increase. Fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids. In the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipd, PUFA contents (40%) were rich and according as the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased, the ratio on n-3/n-6 PUFA and eicosapentaenoid acid (EPA) /arachidonic acid (AA) tended to slightly decrease.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2019

This paper presents a novel structural composition for artificial bone scaffolds with an appropriate biocompatibility and biodegradability capability. To achieve this aim, carbon nanotubes, due to their prominent mechanical properties, high biocompatibility with the body and its structural similarities with the natural bone structure are selected in component of the artificial bone structure. Also, according to the piezoelectric properties of natural bone tissue, the barium titanate, which is one of the biocompatible material with body and has piezoelectric property, is used to create self-healing ability. Furthermore, due to the fact that, most of the bone tissue is consists of hydroxyapatite, this material is also added to the artificial bone structure. Finally, polycaprolactone is used in synthetic bone composition as a proper substrate for bone growth and repair. To demonstrate, performance of the presented composition, the mechanical behaviour of the bone scaffold is simulated using ANSYS Workbench software and three dimensional finite element modelling. The obtained results are compared with mechanical behaviour of the natural bone and the previous bone scaffold compositions. The results indicated that, the modulus of elasticity, strength and toughness of the proposed composition of bone scaffold is very close to the natural bone behaviour with respect to the previous bone scaffold compositions and this composition can be employed as an appropriate replacement for bone implants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2009

Fat composition of beef, taken here to mean marbling, can be manipulated by time on feed, finishing diet, and breed type. These three factors also strongly influence the fatty acid composition of beef. Both the amount of marbling and the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increase with time on feed in grain-fed and pasture-fed cattle, but much more dramatically in grain-fed cattle. High-concentrate diets stimulate the activity of adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which is responsible for the conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to their $\Delta{9}$ desaturated counterparts. Also, grain feeding causes a depression in ruminal pH, which decreases those populations of ruminal microorganisms responsible for the isomerization and hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The net result of elevated SCD activity in marbling adipose tissue and depressed ruminal isomerization/hydrogenation of dietary PUFA is a large increase in MUFA in beef over time. Conversely, pasture depresses both the accumulation of marbling and SCD activity, so that even though pasture feeding increases the relative concentration of PUFA in beef, it also increases SFA at the expense of MUFA. Wagyu and Hanwoo cattle accumulate large amounts of marbling and MUFA, and Wagyu cattle appear to be less sensitive to the effects of pastures in depressing overall rates of adipogenesis and the synthesis of MUFA in adipose tissues. There are small differences in fatty acid composition of beef from Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle, but diet and time on feed are much more important determinants of beef fat content and fatty acid composition than breed type.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1516-1521
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different energy intake on physical and chemical composition in body fractions, growth performance and meat characteristics of finishing barrows and gilts. A total of twenty six crossbred (Landrace$\times$Yorkshire) consisting of 16 barrows and 13 gilts were used in this study. The animals were allocated by sex to two treatments to form a $2\times2$ factorial arrangement. The respective factors were sex (barrow and gilt) and dietary energy intake (1.8 and 3.0 times energy for maintenance). Pigs were kept in individual pens and had ad libitum access to feed and water from the start of the experiment at $52.4{\pm}1.9kg$ until they reached $109.9{\pm}4.4kg$ live weight. The growth performance, physical composition and meat characteristics of finishing pigs were not greatly affected by the sex. However, higher fat tissue weight in the carcass was observed in barrows compared with gilts (p<0.05). Higher proportions of water and protein (p<0.05), and lower lipid proportion (p<0.01) in the empty body and carcass were observed in gilts compared with barrows, while protein proportion in lean tissue was not affected by the sex. In fat tissue, only protein proportion was higher in gilts compared with barrows (p<0.05). Although, growth performance, physical and chemical compositions in body fractions were greatly affected, final body or carcass weight was partly affected by the energy intake In addition, loin characteristics such as shear force and loin eye area were partly influenced by energy intake levels. Therefore, the present results showed that growth performance and meat characteristics were not influenced but chemical body composition was greatly influenced by the sex. Growth performance, physical and chemical compositions in body fractions were greatly affected, whereas meat characteristics were partly affected by the energy intake levels.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

Objectives: To evaluate the biodurability of Korean Chrysotile(KC), the changes in fibers numbers and changes in the element composition of fibers from the lung of Sprague-Dawley rats instilled KC(average size $4.74{\mu}m$, $59,043{\times}10^6$ fibers/mg) was estimated. Methods: Rats were administered 1 mg KC(low group) or 2 mg KC(high group) by a single intratracheal instillation. At each time point(5 days, 5 weeks, 10 weeks), the numbers of KC fibers and the changes of element composition(atomic %) of KC fibers from the lung of the rats were analyzed with transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Results: Over time, the number of fibers within the lungs of animals were reduced. The average length of the low and high group is significantly reduced from 5 days after administration. Over time, the fiber ratio of at least $5{\mu}m$ remaining in the lung tissue of the low concentration group was up but the high group was reduced. From day 5 after administration, the composition ratio(Mg) was significantly decreased in all groups. Conclusions: Size and composition of Korean Chrysotile in the lung tissue of rats was changed from 5 days.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 1983

In order to establish tissue lipid status in animal on feeding of various dietary fat and oils, each group of rats was fed a semisynthetic diet containing 10%(w/w) mackerel oil (MO), eel oil (EO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO) or beef tallow (BT) for 1, 2 and 4 weeks, After each feeding period, levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid were measured in serum. Fatty acid ${\leftarrow}$ composition was also investigated in serum and tissue lipids. Levels of total serum cholesterol were lower but HDL-cholesterol were higher in fish oil groups, which resulted in significantly higher ratio of HDL to total cholesterol in the fish oil groups. Fish oil groups, in general, also had lower levels of serum triglyceride and phospholipid than other groups, but S0 group maintained as low phospholipid levrl as fish oil groups. Fatty acid composition of dietary fat was reflected in all the tissues investigated but with varying degrees. Very long chain fatty acids, specific components exclusively found in fish oils were most well reflected in liver and relatively well in serum, whereas linoleic acid and erucic acid of SO and RO in the diet were better shown up in heart and adipose tissue. It attracted a particular attention that major proportions of long chain monoenoic acids $(C_{22:1})$ occurring both in MO and RO were detected separately in liver and heart plus adipose tissue, the result of which strongly indicates that there is a significant difference in metabolism between isomers $(C_{22:1}\;w\;11\;and\;C_{22:1}\;w\;9,\;respectively)$. It is suggested from this study that differences in lipid status as well as in the levels of serum lipids result from uniqueness in metabolism of each different fatty acid and give rise to distinguishable change in serum lipoprotein pattern, followed by diet with different fat sources.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratios (UFA to SFA ratios) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood lipid parameters, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 45 crossbred pigs ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire), with an average initial body weight of 60.3±2.4 kg, were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 dietary UFA to SFA ratios. Results: Both average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas backfat thickness was decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased quadratically or linearly (p<0.05) respectively, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased quadratically (p<0.05) with increasing dietary UFA to SFA ratio. In M. longissimus thoracis, the proportion of C18:1 and monounsaturated FA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were increased linearly (p<0.05) as dietary UFA to SFA ratio increased. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue, the proportion of SFA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and the UFA to SFA ratios were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Meat color scores and shear force of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas drip loss and cooking loss were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Conclusion: Appropriately boosted dietary UFA to SFA ratio could be conductive to optimize blood lipid parameters and tissue FA composition. However, when the ratio is too high or too low it tends to have negative effects on growth performance and meat quality.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

본 연구는 비만 청소년기 남성을 대상으로 복부지방면적과 피하지방두께, 신체둘레, 신체구성, 혈중 지질 간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 복부지방면적과 피하지방두께 간의 관련성과 관련하여 전체지방면적과 피하지방면적은 피하지방두께를 구성하는 대부분의 변인과 관련성이 있었으며 특히 견갑골 아래 피부두께는 전체지방면적을 포한한 피하지방면적과 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 피하지방 두께 변인들 중 가슴 부위 피하지방두께는 내장지방면적을 예측할 수 있는 유일한 변수로 조사되었다. 둘째, 신체둘레 및 신체구성 변수는 내장지방면적과는 상관관계가 없었으나 전체 및 피하지방면적과 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 신체둘레와 전체 및 피하지방면적과의 관련성에 있어서 허리둘레는 엉덩이 둘레 및 허리와 엉덩이 둘레를 더한 값보다 상관계수가 높게 나타났다. 또한 전체 및 피하지방면적의 예측에 있어서 체지방량은 체지방율 및 근육량 보다 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 혈중 중성지방과 수축기 혈압은 각각 내장지방면적 및 피하지방면적을 예측할 수 있는 유일한 변수로 조사되었다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2014

As the number of treatments in the therapeutic ultrasound field targeted at fat tissue increase, the performance of the equipment should be evaluated for safety using a fat phantom. In this study, a fat phantom was fabricated using olive oil and a tissue-mimicking material (TMM) phantom. To evaluate the acoustic properties of the TMM phantom according to the changes in the olive oil, the composition ratio of a liquid mixture of olive oil with a surfactant was adjusted from 5-20% in 5% steps. The acoustic properties of the phantom were evaluated using the sound velocity, attenuation coefficient, density, and acoustic impedance. The experimental results showed that the sound velocity decreased with increasing amount of olive oil but the other acoustic properties did not change. In addition, the phantom using an olive-oil mixture with a 15% composition ratio was most similar to the acoustic characteristics of fat tissue with a sound velocity of 1477.35 m/s, an attenuation coefficient of 0.514 dB/MHz-cm, a density of $1.07g/cm^3$, and an acoustic impedance of 1.575 MRayl. These experimental results are expected contribute to the accuracy of the results using a TMM phantom and will be useful for the therapeutic ultrasound field targeted at subcutaneous fat tissue.