• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

In this study, an analysis of evaporative diesel spray and an usefulness of a general-purpose program, ANSYS CFX release 11.0, are investigated through the comparison and investigation of the experimental results carried out under an evaporative field, in which there is phase transition, by an exciplex fluorescence method and the results analyzed by the CFX program. The diesel fuel called n-Tridecane, $C_{13}H_{28}$, is injected from a single-hole nozzle (l/d=1.0mm/0.2mm) into a constant volume chamber under a high temperature and pressure. In the same condition as the experimental condition, the analysis was carried out. Both results of the spray tip penetration were almost coincident at each time. The results have validated the usefulness of this analysis. As a result, if the ambient pressure is high, the spray tip penetration will be shortened and move toward the nozzle exit.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.193-197
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• 1976

벼이삭 선충에 대한 피해 증상 발현 후의 약제 방제효과를 알아보기 위하여 ethoprop를 포함하는 4개의 약제를 피해 증상이 나타난 직후에 처리하였으며 약제 처리의 적기를 찾기 위하여 carbofuran을 처리 시기 및 횟수를 달리하여 처하였다. 가. 약종별 효과에 있어서는 ethoprop와 carbofuran이 대단히 좋았으며 diazinon과 fenthion도 무처리에 비하여는 효과적이었으나 전자의 효과에는 미치지 못했다. 나. 약제처리 시기 및 횟수 시험에서는 3회 처리구가, 그리고 일찍 처리할수록 피해 경율과 수량에 좋은 효과를 보였는데 여러 면으로 보아서 선충에 의한 피해가 벼에 나타난 직후에 처리하는 것이 본 선충의 피해를 효과적으로 경감시킬 수 있는 방법이라 생각된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2017

A three-dimensional higher order boundary element method based on the B-spline is presented. The method accurately models piecewise continuous bodies and induced velocity potentials using B-spline tensor product representations, and it is capable of obtaining accurate pointwise values for the potential and its derivatives, especially in the trailing edge and tip region of the lift generating body, which may be difficult or impossible to evaluate with constant panel methods. In addition, we implement a wake roll-up and examine the tip vortex formation in the near wake region. The results are compared with existing numerical results and the results of experiments performed out at the cavitation tunnel of Chungnam National University.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2004년도 Proceedings of 2004 Korea-Japan Joint Seminar on Particle Image Velocimetry
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• pp.169-175
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• 2004

The characteristics of flow around a rotating propeller were investigated using PIV technique. For each of four different blade phases of $0^{\circ},\;18^{\circ},\;36^{\circ}\;and\;54^{\circ}$four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were ensemble averaged to investigate the spatial evolution of the flow around a propeller. The phase-averaged mean velocity fields show that the viscous wake formed by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces and the slipstream contraction in the near-wake region. The out-of-plane velocity component and strain rate had large values at the locations of the tip and trailing vortices. The boundary layer developed along the ship hull bottom surface of the ship stern provides a strong turbulent shear layer, affecting the vortex structure in the propeller near-wake. As the flow develops in the downstream direction, the trailing vortices formed behind the propeller hub move upward slightly due to the presence of the hull wake and free surface. The turbulence intensity has large values around the tip and trailing vortices. As the wake moves downstream, the strength of the vorticity diminishes and the turbulence intensity increases due to turbulent diffusion and active mixing between the tip vortices and adjacent wake flow.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2009

선폭의 감소와 소자 집적도의 증가로 인하여 향후 현재 사용되고 있는 탑-다운(Top-down) 생산방식에서 바텀-업(Bottomup) 방식의 소자 생산이 예상되고 있으며, 이와 관련된 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 대표적으로 나노와이어(Nanowire)와 나노벨트(Nanobelt)를 이용한 소자 개발이 한 대안이며, 이러한 소자 개발을 위해 물질의 물성 특성 연구를 위하여 나노인덴터를 이용한 물성 연구가 진행 중이다. 특히 나노인덴터는 나노 크기의 구조물에 대한 연구를 위하여 부가적으로 원자힘현미경(AFM; atomic force microscope) 기능을 제공하며, 이를 통하여 얻어진 표면 이미지를 이용하여 나노 구조물의 정확한 위치에 대한 물성 정보를 제공하게 된다. 그러나 나노인덴터에서 사용되는 팁(tip)은 기존의 원자현미경에서 사용되는 팁에 비하여 상대적 크기가 상당히 큰 특징이 있어 나노인덴터에 의한 표면 이미지에는 상당한 오차가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 나노인덴터에서 대표적으로 사용되는 50nm 벌코비치 팁(Berkovich tip)과 1um $90^{\circ}$ 원뿔형 팁(Conical tip)을 이용하였으며, 각 팁에 대한 표면 특성을 확인하기 위하여 박막 표면을 각 팁으로 압입하여 압입 후 표면 영상과 압입 깊이를 통하여 팁의 특성을 확인하였다. 이후 나노인덴터를 이용하여 100nm급 나노 구조물에서 표면 주사를 실시하여 획득된 이미지와 기존 원자현미경을 이용한 표면 이미지를 비교하여 오차를 획득하였다. 또한 각 팁의 외형으로 이론적으로 계산된 오차와 비교하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.25-34
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• 2008

In this paper, three-dimensional multiblade row unsteady Navier-Stokes simulations at a hot streak temperature ratio of 2.0 have been performed to reveal the effects of rotor tip clearance on the inlet hot streak migration characteristics in low pressure stage of a Vaneless Counter-Rotating Turbine. The hot streak is circular in shape with a diameter equal to 25% of the high pressure turbine stator span. The hot streak center is located at 50% of the span and the leading edge of the high pressure turbine stator. The tip clearance size studied in this paper is 2.0mm(2.59% high pressure turbine rotor height, and 2.09% low pressure turbine rotor height). The numerical results show that the hot streak is not mixed out by the time it reaches the exit of high pressure turbine rotor. The separation of colder and hotter fluid is observed at the inlet of low pressure turbine rotor. Most of hotter fluid migrates towards the rotor pressure surface, and only little hotter fluid migrates to the rotor suction surface when it convects into the low pressure turbine rotor. And the hotter fluid migrated to the tip region of the high pressure turbine rotor impinges on the leading edge of the low pressure turbine rotor after it goes through the high pressure turbine rotor. The migration of the hotter fluid directly results in very high heat load at the leading edge of the low pressure turbine rotor. The migration characteristics of the hot streak in the low pressure turbine rotor are dominated by the combined effects of secondary flow and leakage flow at the tip clearance. The leakage flow trends to drive the hotter fluid towards the blade tip on the pressure surface and to the hub on the suction surface, even partial hotter fluid near the pressure surface is also driven to the rotor suction surface through the tip clearance. Compared with the case without rotor tip clearance, the heat load of the low pressure turbine rotor is intensified due to the effects of the leakage flow. And the numerical results also indicate that the leakage flow effect trends to increase the low pressure turbine rotor outlet temperature at the tip region.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1999

Experimental investigation of unsteady impinging diesel spray on the flat plate have been carried out using high speed camera and Malvern system. The density ratios of ambient gas to diesel fuel were varied using $N_2$ and Ar gas in the case of 14.9, 21.2, 28.4, 35.1, 40.4, and 50.1. With the increase of gas density ratio, the radial penetration is decreased due to the resistance of the ambient gas. With the increase of the gas density ratio and the distance between nozzle tip and flat plate, the height of spray is increased due to the entrance and circulation. With the increase of gas density ratio, SMD is decreased on the nearby position at the center of flat plate, but SMD is increased on the far position. As the distance between nozzle tip and flat plate is increased, SMD is always decreased.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.310-315
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• 1997

An extensive corrosion study was initiated by galvalume steel sheet manufacturing company to clarify the corrosion behavior of zinc and zinc and zinc-alloy coated automotive sheet steel in out panel and electrical application. Since the early 1980's the use of zinc and aluminum alloy coated steel for vehicular corrosion protection has increased drastically. This paper describes the evaluation of formability, weldability and painted corrosion performance of galvalume steel sheet. This paper presents an overview of the program and some initial test results on the weldability, lifetime of the electrode tip shape of the spot welding and corrosion protection. Galvalume steel sheet improved corrosion performance and spot weldability of galvalume steel has no problem for the variation of welding current. And tip lifetime was changed according to the influence of shape.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1993년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.644-649
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• 1993

Practical structures are subject not only to tension but also to shear and torsional loading. In this study, the mode 1 and 2 stress intensity factors of specimens were calculated by using elastic finite element mothod. The stress fields at the crack tip subjected to mixed-mode loading were also studied by usingf eleatic finite element method and were compared with theoretical results. The three-point-bending, four-point-bending, and mixed-mode-loading experiment were carried out. And, crack propagation rate da/dN and crack growth direction were examined. Also, the elastic finite element method was applied to calculate the stress intensity factors of branch crack tip and we relate the stress intenity factor range of branch crack tip(the result of FEM) to crack propagation rate(the experimental result). The .DELTA. -da/dN relation corelated with that of mode 1.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 1998

An extensive corrosion study was initiated by galvalume steel sheet manufacturing company to clarify the corrosion behavior of zinc and zinc-alloy coated automotive sheet steel in out panel and electrical application. Since the early 1980's the use of zinc and aluminum alloy coated steel for vehicular corrosion protection has increased drastically. This paper describes the evaluation of formability, weldability and painted corrosion performance of galvalume steel sheet. This paper presents an overview of the program and some initial test results on the weldability, lifetime of the electrode tip shape of the spot welding and corrosion protection. Galvalume steel sheet improved corrosion performance and spot weldability of galvalume steel sheet has no problem for the variation of welding current. And tip lifetime was changed according to the influence of shape.