• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2008년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
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• pp.237-241
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• 2008

Femtocells are cellular access points that connect to a mobile operator's network using residential DSL or cable broadband connections. They have been developed to work with a range of different cellular standards including CDMA, GSM and UMTS. Like legacy base station, the frequency accuracy and phase alignment is necessary for ensuring the quality of service (QoS) for applications such as voice, real-time video, wireless hand-off, and data over a converged access medium at the femtocell. But, the GPS has some problem to be used at the femtocell, because it is difficult to set-up, depends on the satellite condition, and very expensive. So, some techniques are discussed to alternate with the legacy GPS system. NTP, PTP, Synchronous Ethernet use the ethernet to synchronize distributed clocks in packet networks. AGPS support reliable position information than the legacy GPS in poor signal conditions. But, These method also have some problems. So, hybrid timing method like A-GPS+PTP and TV+GPS was developed to make up the weak point of GPS. This paper introduces the each method and compare each other and y propose much better solution for timing synchronization at the Femtocell

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

The KOMPSAT(Korea Multi-Purpose SATellite) has two optical imaging instruments called EOC(Electro-Optical Camera) and OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multispectral Imager). The image data of these instruments are transmitted to ground station and restored correctly after post-processing with the telemetry data transfeered from KOMPSAT spacecraft. The major timing information of the KOMPSAT is OBT (On-Board Time) which is formatted by the on-board computer of the spacecraft, based on 1Hz sync. pulse coming from the GPS receiver involved. The OBT is transmitted to ground station with the house-keeping telemetry data of the spacecraft while it is distributed to the instruments via 1553B data bus for synchronization during imaging and formatting. The timing information contained in the spacecraft telemetry data would have direct relation to the image data of the instruments, which should be well explained to get a more accurate image. This paper addresses the timing analysis of the KOMPSAT spacecraft and instruments, including the gyro data timing analysis for the correct restoration of the EOC and OSMI image data at ground station.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.495-505
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• 2008

This paper presents a parallel processing searcher structure for the initial synchronization of a direct sequence ultra-wideband (DS-UWB) system, which is suitable for the digital implementation of baseband functionalities with a 1.32 Gsample/s chip rate analog-to-digital converter. An initial timing acquisition algorithm and a data demodulation method are also studied. The proposed searcher effectively acquires initial symbol and frame timing during the preamble transmission period. A hardware efficient receiver structure using 24 parallel digital correlators for binary phase-shift keying DS-UWB transmission is presented. The proposed correlator structure operating at 55 MHz is shared for correlation operations in a searcher, a channel estimator, and the demodulator of a RAKE receiver. We also present a pseudo-random noise sequence generated with a primitive polynomial, $1+x^2+x^5$, for packet detection, automatic gain control, and initial timing acquisition. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed parallel processing searcher employing the presented pseudo-random noise sequence outperforms that employing a preamble sequence in the IEEE 802.15.3a DS-UWB proposal.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권11C호
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• pp.1152-1160
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 다양한 해상도의 신호 입력을 지원하는 고품위급 모니터의 디지털 신호처리 회로를 제안한다. 기존의 디지털 회로에서 ADC(Analog to Digital Convertor)와 VDP(Video Display Processor)로부터 발생하는 내부 디지털 PLL(Phase-locked Loop)의 낮은 성능과 IC의 내부 편차문제, 모듈간의 상이한 전압 차이 때문에, 다양한 입력 신호에서 안정된 동기신호 처리를 할 수 없는 문제가 있었다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 다양한 해상도의 신호 입력으로부터 동기 신호들의 규칙성을 이용하여 동기 신호를 관리하면서 시스템의 간섭을 최소화하는 동기신호 최적화 기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법을 적용한 결과 다양한 해상도에서 안정적으로 동기신호를 처리함으로써 여러 모드의 입력신호에 대응할 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.452-459
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• 2015

Three synchronization issues, i.e., phase, frequency, and symbol time, have to be properly controlled to achieve distributed beamforming gain. In this paper, the impacts of synchronization errors in distributed beamforming are analyzed for both single-carrier and OFDM systems. When the channel is constant over a symbol duration, the performance degradation due to phase offset is the same for both single-carrier and OFDM systems. For symbol timing offset in OFDM systems, high frequency subcarriers are more susceptible as compared to low frequency ones. Frequency offset is critical in OFDM systems since it leads to interference from the other subcarriers as well as power loss in the desired signal.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권7호
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• pp.1219-1225
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 BWLL 상향링크에 적용할 수 있는 버스트 QPSK 수신기의 동기알고리즘을 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 설계한 버스트 수신기는 디지털 다운컨버터와 정합필터 그리고 동기회로로 구성되어 있다. 동기회로의 경우 심벌 타이밍 복구를 위하여 가드너 알고리즘을 사용하였고 반송파 주파수 복구를 위하여 4승법을 사용하였으며 반송파 위상 복구는 DD알고리즘을 사용하였다. 성능 분석을 위하여 제안된 알고리즘에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과와 VHDL로 코딩되어 FPGA에 구현된 실제회로의 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 성능분석 결과 주파수 옵셋이 심벌율의 4.7% 까지 동기기가 잘 동작하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2003

We consider a problem of application of analytical redundancy to engine synchronization process of spark ignition engines, which is critical to timing for every ECU process including ignition and injection. The engine synchronization process we consider here is performed using the pulse signal obtained by the revolution of crankshaft trigger wheel (CTW) coupled to crank shaft. We propose a discrete-time linear model for the signal, for which we construct FDI (Fault Detection & Isolation) system consisting residual generator and threshold based on linear observer.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.687-694
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 ADSL용 칩 설계를 위한 동기화 파라미터 값을 도출하기 위하여 컴퓨터 모의수행으로 STR과 프레임동기의 성능을 분석한다. ADSL에 적합한 PLL루프를 분석하고 설계를 하며, 이러한 결과를 통하여 ADSL칩 설계를 위한 STR의 최적 파라미터 값을 얻는다. 또한 여러 가지 알고리즘으로 프레임동기를 수행할 때, 컴퓨터 모의수행으로 FER(Frame Error Rate)의 성능을 분석했고, 프레임 offset의 효과를 분석했다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.978-990
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• 2021

This article presents techniques for improved estimation of symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) for dual-polarization (DP) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (DP-OFDM) systems. Recently, quaternion multiple-input multiple-output OFDM has been proposed for high spectral efficiency communication systems, which can flexibly explore different types of diversities such as space, time, frequency, and polarization. This article focuses on synchronization techniques for DP-OFDM systems using a cyclic prefix, where the application of quaternion algebra leads to new improved estimators. Simulations performed for DP system methods show faster reduction of STO estimator variance with a double-slope line in the logvariance line versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) plot compared with singlepolarization (SP) counterparts, and simulations for CFO estimates show a 3-dB gain of DP over SP estimates for same SNR values defined, respectively, for quaternion-valued or complex-valued signals. Cramer-Rao bounds for STO and CFO are derived for the synchronization methods, correlating with the observed gains of DP over SP OFDM systems.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2020년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.593-595
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 5G NR 시스템을 위한 동기 신호를 이용한 cell ID 검출 방법에 대한 성능을 비교하였다. 5G NR(fifth-generation new radio) 시스템의 송신기는 SS/PBCH (synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel) 블록을 송신하며, 수신기는 수신된 SS/PBCH 블록을 이용하여 주파수 및 타이밍 오프셋 (frequency and timing offset)을 추정 할 수 있으며, cell ID (cell identity)는 PSS (primary synchronization signal)와 SSS (secondary synchronization signal)를 통해 검출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 cell ID 를 검출할 수 있는 방법으로서 2-stage 디코딩 방법과 결합 최대우도 결정 규칙 (joint maximum-likelihood decision rule: joint ML) 디코딩 방법을 사용하였다. Joint ML 디코딩 방법은 2-stage 디코딩 방법에 비해 더 좋은 검출 성능을 보이지만, 복잡도 측면에서는 2-stage 디코딩 방법이 joint ML 디코딩 방법에 비해 더 낮은 복잡도를 갖는 것을 확인하였다.