• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-96
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• 2008

Interactive Video Service(IVS) is a new type of media service that enables users to interact with others in the process of casting and watching videos in a system. 'Timing flexibility', which divides IVS into real-time IVS and non-real-time IVS, is one of the significant factors of interactivity. The objective of this study is to identify critical factors of interactivity in IVS and to compare their effects in terms of timing flexibility. To achieve the objective, prior literature has been reviewed to establish a theoretical framework, and twelve active users of IVS have been interviewed to develop research model of IVS. Finally, an online survey has been conducted to verify the research model. The results indicate that Technical Factor, Communication Factor, and Contents Factor of IVS are found to be the important interaction factors in IVS; and their impacts on the intention to use IVS were found to be affected by timing flexibility. This paper ends with theoretical and practical implications of study results.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.18-27
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• 2011

Management flexibility to adapt its future actions in response to altered future market conditions can expand the value of an investment opportunity by improving its upside potential without the change in the downside losses. Module manufacturers in solar industry continuously have to decide how much and when its production capacity should be expanded with regards to the demand in the global markets. Either over- or under-investment can cause sunk and/or opportunity costs to the module manufacturers. Option of exercising the additional investments only on favorable opportunities can increase total value of the investment. This paper analyzes the case which shows that the expansion of production capacity with more expandibility can have more value than the rigid plan of capacity expansion. The expansion option value is equivalent to KRW 38.286 billion, thus switching the negative NPV of the initial investment opportunity into the positive value. High volatility and the high growth in the cashflows as the major business features of the renewable energy provide condition where real options can play the crucial role in increasing the investment value as well as in determining the size and timing of capacity expansion in the course of capital budgeting process.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.83-97
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• 2001

Net Present Value (NPV) criterion has been the most widely used criterion to evaluate investment opportunities. However, the analysis based on the NPV criterion falls to consider the managerial flexibility of deferring decisions until major uncertainty is resolved. Recently, real options method attracted a lot of attention as a Powerful approach to address the problem. If investment decision is deferred, the value of the investment opportunity increases but opportunity cost increases at the same time. Therefore, it is important to decide the optimal timing how long the decision can be deferred. In this paper, we developed a model deciding the optimal decision timing. Using the real options approach, the model derived the optimal deferring time until a decision is made. Then, the model was applied to a Korean mobile telecommunications company who wants to invest on the wireless resale business. We believe that this model would be very useful to overcome the problem of NPV decision criterion. With this approach, we can make contingent decisions based on the observation of uncertainly resolutions.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-66
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• 2012

The paper analyzes the effect of expected future demand on the investment decisions of multinational enterprises. In particular, I explore the issue of the timing of switching between exporting and FDI in the host developing country and explicitly incorporate the firm's attitude toward risk in the model. The model demonstrates that the optimal time for switching to FDI depends on the expected future demand and the degree of its uncertainty.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.1 s.91
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

The use of computers for control and monitoring of industrial process has expanded greatly in recent years. The computer used in such applications is shared between a certain number of time-critical control and monitor function and non time-critical batch processing job stream. Embedded systems encompass a variety of hardware and software components which perform specific function in host computer. Many embedded system must respond to external events under certain timing constraints. Failure to respond to certain events on time may either seriously degrade system performance or even result in a catastrophe. In the design of real-time embedded system, decisions made at the architectural design phase greatly affect the final implementation and performance of the system. Flexibility indicates how well a particular system architecture can tolerate with respect to satisfying real-time requirements. The degree of flexibility of real-time system architecture indicates the capability of the system to tolerate perturbations in timing related specifications. Given degree of flexibility, one may compare and rank different implementations. A system with a higher degree of flexibility is more desirable. Flexibility is also an important factor in the trade-off studies between cost and performance. In this paper, it is identified the need for flexibility function and shows that the existing real-time analysis result can be effective. This paper motivated the need for a flexibility for the efficient analysis of potential design candidates in the architectural design exploration or real time embedded system.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.1481-1494
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• 1997

In hard real-time systems, a timing fault may yield catastrophic results. Dynamic scheduling provides the flexibility to compensate for unexpected events at runtime; however, scheduling overhead at runtime is relatively large, constraining both the accuracy of the timing and the complexity of the scheduling analysis. In contrast, static scheduling need not have any runtime overhead. Thus, it has the potential to guarantee the precise time at which each instruction implementing a control action will execute. This paper presents a new approach to the problem of analyzing high-level language code, augmented by arbitrary before and after timing constraints, to provide a valid static schedule. Our technique is based on instruction-level complier code scheduling and timing analysis, and can ensure the timing of control operations to within a single instruction clock cycle. Because the search space for a valid static schedule is very large, a novel adaptive genetic search algorithm was developed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.9A no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 2002

Modern embedded system employs a hybrid architecture which contains a general micro processor and reconfigurable devices such as FPGAS to retain flexibility and to meet timing constraints. It is a hard and important problem for embedded system designers to explore and find a right system configuration, which is known as design space exploration (DSE). With DES, it is possible to predict a final system configuration during the design phase before physical implementation. In this paper, we implement a timing analysis simulator for a DSE on a hybrid embedded system. The simulator, integrating exiting timing analysis tools for hardware and software, is designed by extending Y-chart approach, which allows quantitative performance analysis by varying design parameters. This timing analysis simulator is expected to reduce design time and costs and be used as a core module of a DSE for a hybrid embedded system.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.643-646
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• 2005

This paper presents CARMA (Cycle-Accurate Retargetable Micro-Architecture) as efficient framework for SoC-centric pipelined instruction-set architectures. It is based on ADL (Architecture Description Language) and provides more concise and manifest semantics to describe behavior of instruction set by mixing efficiency of instruction-set simulators and flexibility of RTL simulators. It exploits new timing model method based on process scheduling so it can support general timing model with cycle accuracy for large-scaled architectures usually used in SoC multimedia chip-set. According to experiments, the proposed framework was shown to be 5.5 times faster than HDL and 2.5 times faster than System-C in simulation speed so it is applicable for complex instruction-set pipelined architectures.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2022

In GNSS, the structure of the navigation message has been improved to increase the flexibility of data addition and transmission, and the robustness of message reception in a low SNR environment. GNSS signals currently being broadcast have a different message structure from each other, and the structure can be largely classified into the fixed structure, the packetized structure, and the packetized and fixed pattern structure. This paper analyzes the features of these three types of structures and compares the performance using the indicators. It can be seen that the performance after adopting the packetized structure is superior to those of other structures. In particular, there has been remarkable improvement in terms of the message management and transmission efficiency.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2024

As part of the Global Positioning System (GPS) modernization program in the United States, Civil Navigation (CNAV) and CNAV-2 messages were developed to introduce flexibility and modern features to the Legacy Navigation (LNAV) message. This paper explores the additional parameters introduced in CNAV/CNAV-2 compared to LNAV, focusing on their roles from the user's perspective. This paper compares the structural and parameter differences among LNAV, CNAV, and CNAV-2. Additionally, we analyze the types and roles of parameters newly incorporated into CNAV/CNAV-2 that were absent in LNAV.