• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

PURPOSE: To summarize the evaluation tools of balance [Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up and Go (TUG), forward reaching test (FRT)], gait [6 m walking Test (6MWT)], and strength [Chair Stand Test (CST)] for patients with dementia. METHODS: The following databases were searched: Pub MED, Cochrane, Sciences Direct, and Web of Sciences. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) repeated measurement design, 2) subjects with dementia, 3) use of testing tools such as the BBS, TUG, FRT, 6MWT, and CST, 4) report the reliability. One reviewer performed the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy study and two evaluators performed data extraction independently. RESULTS: Six articles and one letter were included. The interrater reliability of 6MWT, TUG, and CST, were acceptable (ICC>.90). However, FRT had unacceptable reliability. In test-retest reliability, only BBS has acceptable reliability (ICC>.90). Others had various reliabilities. The risk of interrater reliability bias was low in all studies. However, the risk of bias of intrarater reliability was low in five studies and moderate in two studies. CONCLUSION: The interrater reliability of the 6MWT, TUG, and CST were acceptable. However, in test-retest reliability, only BBS has acceptable reliability. Therefore, we suggest the use of BBS to test the balance of dementia patients. In addition, the study of tool reliability according to the subtype of dementia is needed in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of ankle joint position during closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise on knee extensor strength and balance in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Sixteen patients with chronic stroke participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: $15^{\circ}$ ankle joint plantar flexion group (n=8) and ankle joint neutral group (n=8) during CKC exercise. All participants underwent conventional physical therapy for 30 minutes. In addition, the experimental group ($15^{\circ}$ ankle joint plantar flexion group) and control group (ankle joint neutral group) participated in a 20-minute CKC exercise program. In both groups exercise was performed three times a week for four weeks. Outcomes including knee extensor strength and balance ability (Five times sit-to-stand test, Timed up and go test, and Balancia) were measured before and after exercise. Results: Significant differences in knee extensor strength and balance ability were observed between pre- and post-exercise in all groups (p<0.05). The improvement of knee extensor strength and dynamic balance was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that $15^{\circ}$ ankle joint plantar flexion during closed kinetic chain exercise is effective in improvement of knee extensor strength and dynamic balance in patients with chronic stroke.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

Purpose : Kinesio taping is a therapeutic method used in the treatment of various musculoskeletal and neuromuscular deficits limited evidence the effects of gluteus medius kinesio taping in neurologic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of gluteus medius kinesio taping on balance ability and gait function in after a stroke. Methods : Twenty-four post-stroke patients were included in this study. Gluteus medius taping group and sham gluteus medius taping group were divided into intervention. Kinesio tape was applied the gluteus medius muscles. In all the subjects, the balance ability was measured using the force plate and timed up & go test (TUG) and gait function was assessed using the 10-meter walking test at time points of both before and after the taping. Result : There was a significant difference in balance ability and gait function between the two groups before and after gluteus medius taping group (p<.05). The gluteus medius taping group showed a significant difference between the groups (p<.05). Conclusion : The results suggest that taping may be a useful method during rehabilitation programs for stroke patients. Application of Kinesio taping to the gluteus medius muscles was found to be useful especially in improving balance ability.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM) before Mobilization with Movement (MWM) on ankle ROM, pennation angle, balance in stroke patients. Methods: A total of 22 subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received intervention STM before MWM. STM was applied for one minute, MWM was applied one set of six times, in a total 3 sets. The passive ankle joint range of motion (ROM) was measured using a goniometer, the pennation angle was measured using RUSI, and the balance was measured using Timed Up & Go Test. Results: The ROM of the ankle dorsi-flexion, muscle tissue (pennation angle) and balance were significantly increased. Conclusion: In this study, it was confirmed that the ankle dorsi-flexion ROM, pennation angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle, and balance were significantly improved in the group where STM was performed before the MWM intervention. Therefore, the physiotherapists should consider these results in their intervention. If MWM is applied to stroke patients, applying STM first is a better intervention.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity between Figure-of-8 Walking Test (F8W), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Four Squared Step Test (FSST), and Timed UP and GO Test (TUG) in patients with stroke. Methods: Forty two participants (26 men, 16 women, $55.0{\pm}11.72$) with at least three months post stroke who were able to walk at least 10 m without walking aid participated in this study. Assessment of concurrent validity between the F8W (time and steps) and BBS was performed using Spearman rank order correlation and between the F8W (time and steps), FSST and TUG assessed using Pearson correlation. Results: The time of the F8W showed correlation with BBS (r=-0.46, p<0.01), FSST (r=0.64, p<0.01), and TUG (r=0.81, p<0.01), and steps of the F8W showed correlation with BBS (r=-0.43, p<0.01), FSST (r=0.47, p<0.01), and TUG (r=0.51, p<0.01). Conclusion: The F8W is a valid measure of balance and walking skill among patients with stroke and may provide complementary information with regard to dynamic balance and functional walking for the real life of stroke patients.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task oriented circuit exercise(TOCE) on the balance and cognition in mild dementia patients. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 30 patients with mild dementia and assigned to the TOCE(task oriented circuit exercise) group(n=15) and aerobic exercise(AE) group(n=15). TOCE group performed six task three times weekly for 12 weeks. AE group underwent the cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise three times a week during the experimental period respectively. Timed up and go test(TUG), Berg balance scale(BBS) and AP1153 Biorescue were used to assess the parameters for the balance. Korean-mini mental state examination and Global deterioration scale(GDS) were used to assess the parameters for the cognition. For the statistical analysis, paired t-test and independent t-test were used to compare the differences among two groups. RESULTS: Each group showed improvement in balance and possibility for improving cognitive function. TOCE group especially, there were significant improvements in limit of stability. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that TOCE is a more diverse exercise programs introduced in the study. Furthermore, TOCE can be a helpful to improve the balance and cognition in mild dementia patients.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2014

PURPOSE: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect and examine the feasibility of an intervention of ankle strategy exercise on balance of patients with hemiplegia. METHODS: The subject were randomly allocated to three groups: ankle strategy exercise (group A), balance exercise (group B) and control (group C). Group A was received the conventional physical therapy plus ankle strategy exercises for 20 minutes in one session. Group B was received the same conventional physical therapy plus balance exercises for 20 minutes in one session. Two active groups were performed in the session 3 times a week, for a total of 6 weeks. and Group C was only received the same conventional physical therapy. Balance test was assessed using center of pressure (COP) in the anteroposterior (A-P), mediolateral (M-L) direction, Berg balance scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). RESULTS: All groups showed improvements in balance parameters. In especial, the Group A was statistically significant differences in almost part evaluation items and showed more improvements in BBS and TUG parameters than Group B and Group C. and moving distance of M-L COP was more improvements than Group B. CONCLUSION: Ankle strategy exercises had more influence on balance than balance exercises and neurodevelopmental treatment.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of close kinetic chain resistant exercise of lower extremity on the gait with stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects were 50 patients who were diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident. They were randomly assigned either to a close kinetic chain resistant exercise of lower extremity group (study group)(n=25) or open kinetic chain resistant exercise of lower extremity exercise group (control group)(n=25). Gait abilities were measured by using Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and spatio-temporal gait variable that were velocity, cadence, stride length, double limb support by 3 axises wireless accelerometer and sway angle of center of mass by same instrument. RESULTS: Study group and control group before and after the intervention there were significantly difference in TUG, FGA, spatio-temporal gait variables and sway angle of center of mass (p<.05). There were significantly different between study group and control group for all variables at post-exercise. CONCLUSION: When all is said and done it is expected to be used as a method for the treatment and prevention in the process of rehabilitation of patients with stroke. In its final analysis when applying resistant exercise of lower extremity to stroke patients' gait, close kinetic chain is more effective than open kinetic chain.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motion-based game exercise program and stretching exercise program on static and dynamic standing balance in elderly women. Methods : Subjects participated in the exercise program was 40 eldery women took part in this study. The average age of the elderly was 70.60 years. All subjects could walk without an assistive device. All subjects were participated in this study during 4 weeks(3 days per week, 30min/day). All participants were assessed on berg balance scale(BBS), functional reach test(FRT), timed up&go test(TUG). Results : The data were analyzed using paired t-test. After 4 weeks exercise training, the result of this study were as follows: The BBS of the elderly was significant difference between test-retest(p<0.05). The TUG of the elderly were significant difference between test-retest(p<0.05). The Motion-Based game from FRT of the was more significant difference than stretching exercise program(p<0.05). we also found significant differences for both groups FRT scores, and changes in mean BBS, TUG scores, but BBS, TUG were not significant. Conclusion : We findings suggest that elderly women person could improve their standing balance through Motion-Based game exercise program, and stretching exercise program.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.247-258
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive exercise program for the prevention of urinary incontinence (UI), frailty, and depression, as well as the promotion of physical function in community-dwelling elderly female living alone. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed. The participants were 76 vulnerable elderly female with a mild-to-moderate urinary incontinence. The exercise group completed 12 weeks of a moderate intensity, comprehensive exercise program. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and ANCOVA were used for data analysis with SPSS. Results: Upon the completion of the 12-week exercise program, significant improvements for UI symptoms (p=.001), timed up and go (p<.001), frailty (p=.006), and depression (p<.001) were observed, but not for hand grip strength (p=.053). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the 12-week comprehensive exercise program for the prevention of urinary incontinence had positive effects on improving UI symptoms, physical function, levels of frailty and depression in elderly women living alone. More prolonged exercise programs with other types of exercise should be developed for these vulnerable elderly women, and future studies are encouraged to confirm the effect of the comprehensive exercise program in other settings.