• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 1998

This study compared the pattern of couples' time-use in rural areas. Wives' and husbands' time spent in household work, leisure, and agricultural labor were compared. In addition, this study examined what factors determine the amount of time of couples spent in such activities. According to the results, in general, the pattern of couple's time-use in rural area was different. Regarding the pattern of time-use, three major results could be mentioned. First of all, husband in rural area spent most agricultural labour time in busy farming season. And then husband spent much time in leisure activities and wife spent in household work. Second, wife spent more time in inactive leisure and husband spent more time in active leisure. Third, husband in rural area spent less time in household work. In particular. they spent less time in female-typed work than male-typed work. To examine what factors determine the extent of time spent in such activities, three theories were employed and tested. According to the results, the models employed in this study were realistic in explaining the amount of time of couple in rural area, and more adjustable wife than husband. In conclusion, a combination of the multidimensional theoretical perspectives used in this study helpfully explains the variation in the amount of time-use of couple in rural area.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-57
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore various types of couples' time use and to investigate the characteristics of each type. The subject of the study consisted of 96 employed wives and their husbands and 215 unemployed wives and their husbands living in Seoul. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and cluster analysis using SAS 8.2 program. The major findings were as follows: The time use of wives and their husbands both on one weekday and one holiday was classified as personal time, paid work time, housework time, and free time. These 4 categories of time were basic elements to classify the types of couples' time use in the cluster analysis. As a result of the cluster analysis, four types of time use of couples were yielded. These were called as 'personal time oriented type', 'paid work time oriented type', 'housework time oriented type' and 'free time oriented type'.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-97
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of time use by housewives in rural households, and to compare the time use structure of housewives with that of their husbands. To attain this goals, we have selected 108 farmhouses considering agricultural area and size in L993. Data was collected by observing how (i. e., doing what kinds of work) housewives and husbands spend time, Time use was divided into four categories : physiological time, socio-cultural time, household work time and agricultural labor time. The results in this study present a valuable insight to assuage the overloaded works of rural housewives. The major results can be outlined as follows : 1. Rural housewives worked 1.2 times longer hours a day than their husbands did. 2, There existed a severe labour time imbalance between housewives and husbands during the busy farming season. 3. The time use patterns of housewives and husbands were significantly different across agricultural areas. Also, the education level of a housewife was associated with the length of her labor time.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of time remaining to use mileage in the notification message from retailers on consumer responses. A total of 577 consumers participated in experiments involving different notification messages of the time remaining to use mileage. Results showed: 1) a significant difference in mileage benefit perception, positive emotion, negative emotion, attitude toward retailers, and repurchase intention according to the remaining time to use mileages, 2) benefit perception positively affected positive emotion and negatively affected negative emotion; positive emotion positively affected and negative emotion negatively affected attitude toward retailers; and attitude positively affected repurchase intention on retailers, and 3) the remaining time to use mileages moderates the relationship between attitude and repurchase intention. Findings highlighted the importance of timing of the message to notify the consumer as to remaining time to use mileage. In the case of a message indicating long remaining time to use mileage, consumers showed more positive responses toward retailers than did consumers who had a message indicating short remaining time to use mileage. These results can be used as guidelines to select the optimal time to send notification messages of remaining time to use mileage in order to generate positive consumer responses.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.163-180
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore a typology of time allocation, investigate determinants of time allocation types, and analyze differences in time use satisfaction by the types of time use of the elderly. The data source for this research was the 2009 Time Use Survey conducted by the Korea National Statistical office (KNSO). The 4,699 time diaries (3,552 for weekday, 1,147 for Sunday) completed by the elderly over the age of 60 were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, chi-square, cluster analysis, ANOVA analysis, Duncan test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Time allocation of the elderly was classified into four types: personal care oriented, work oriented, leisure oriented, and balanced type. Gender, age, education, employment status, income, and the presence of spouse were identified as determinants for each type. According to the types of time allocation, time use satisfaction was different on week days.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.5-13
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to analyze time use of employees to see how they make a balance between work and family. We tried to analyze time use and time pressure of married paid workers in order to understand their work and family balance. Methodology - Time use was compared by employment types and time pressure groups. We analyzed the factors influencing time pressure, dividing two employment types. The data were selected from the 2009 Korean Time Use Survey. Results - Those who feel time pressure among full-timers spent more time on work and housework and less time on personal care and leisure than those who do not feel time pressure. Logit analysis on time pressure showed that full-timers feel more time pressure than part-timers do. Gender, age, education, income, day-off type, and the presence of preschool children were significant variables on time pressure. Conclusion - These results imply that time use and time pressure for married paid workers are affected by employment types. Flexibility of labor needs to enhance work and family balance for females who have preschool children.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

This study was aimed at exploring gender differences in time use and time famine between single-parent families. Data were obtained from the time use surveys, that were conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office in 2014. A total of 500 time diaries (168 from fathers, 332 from mothers) from single-parents aged between 20 and 59 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and t-test were used for the statistical analyses. Results indicated that the single-parent families exhibit gender differences in time use and subjective time famine. The single-mothers spend a significantly longer amount of time on housework and less time on leisure than do the single-fathers. The single fathers and mothers also differ in time use and time famine according to employment status and working days on/off.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.53-68
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to explore amount of time use for paid work house work, child caring and leisure spent by adults and to explain its influencing factors. Tobit model was used to analyze the factors of time use because the amount of time use was a limited continuous variable. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Amount of time spent for paid work per day by adults was found to be 349 min. for men and 185 min. for women. Amount of time spent for house work was found to be 19min. for men and 155 min. for women. Amount of time spent for child caring was found to be 5min. for men and 40 min. for women. Amount of time spent for leisure was found to be 285 min. for men and 266 min. for women. 2) Time use for paid work was found to be significantly influenced by householder, age, time limit and paid worker for men and householder, time limit and paid worker for women. Time use for house work was found to be significantly influenced by age, time limit and paid worker for men and householder, age, marital status and paid worker for women. Time use for child caring was found to be significantly influenced by presence of kids and marital status for men and house, presence of kids, marital status and paid worker for women. Finally, Time use for leisure was found to be significantly influenced by car, time limit and paid worker for men and house, presence of kids, marital status, time limit and paid worker for women.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.81-96
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• 2011

This study analyzed the time use of dual income paid workers. The data was selected from the '2009 Korean Time Use Survey' by the Korean National Statistical Office. There were 2799 respondents who were paid workers with dual income. There were big differences in time use between men and women. The result showed that men's time allocation focused on 'labor and leisure' and women's time allocation focused on ‘labor and housework'. This means the women among dual income paid workers faced difficulties in dual burden of work-family balance. Regression analysis on time use dividing men and women showed that age, education, income, working type and the presence of preschool children had significant effects on time allocation. We found the income effects on time use which reduced paid working time and increased housework and leisure time. Significantly, younger men who have preschool children spend more time in housework. We could find the possibility of a change in men's time allocation.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.155-181
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• 2009

Modern persons should do many activities during limited time. In such situation, people feel time pressure because they think that time is short. Time pressure affects negatively several factors such as satisfaction and intention to use through perceived time cost. Ubiquity, an mobile service's characteristic in which users can use desired information or services in anywhere and anytime, would let users feel free from time pressure. This study examines the relationship between perceived time and intention to use and the moderating effect of ubiquity. We performed a survey for users of DMB service, a representative mobile service. Using Partial Least Square, we tested hypotheses. The results suggest that time pressure influences positively perceived time cost and that perceived time cost affects negatively satisfaction but not enjoyment. And the results show that there are the significant positive relationships between enjoyment and intention to use and between satisfaction and intention to use. Finally, the moderating effects of ubiquity on the relationships between perceived time cost and enjoyment and between perceived time cost and satisfaction was found to be positive and significant. We suggests implications basing on the results.