• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.126-130
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of extraarticular dorsal closing wedge osteotomy in Freiberg's disease. Materials and Methods: Between February 2012 and July 2014, total 10 patients who underwent dorsal closing wedge osteotomy and followed up more than 1 year were selected for inclusion. Average age was 16.3 years, and average follow-up period was 15.5 months. The diagnosis was made using magnetic resonance imaging of those with a limitation in walking or usual activity due to pain in the metatarsal head. During operation, we removed loose body, and synovectomy was done. Osteotomy at the metatarsal neck and fixation with Kirschner wire were performed. X-ray was taken to check shortening of 2nd metatarsal and bone union. Moreover, we checked the active range of motion of 2nd metatarsophalangeal joint before and after surgery. At the last follow-up, the shortening of metatarsal, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), and patient's subjective satisfaction were evaluated. Results: According to the Smillie's stage, there were 3 cases of stage II, 4 cases of stage III, and 3 cases of stage IV. Average bone union time on the osteotomy site was 8 weeks. Average shortening of metatarsal was 2.53 mm. Average AOFAS score improved significantly from 56.9 to 82.8 points at final follow-up (p<0.05), and average VAS score also improved significantly from 6.4 to 1.4 points at final follow-up (p<0.05). Average active range of motion at metatarsophalangeal joint improved from $28.0^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $46.5^{\circ}$ at the final follow-up. Other complications, such as metatarsalgia and arthritis, were not found; however, there was 1 case of delayed union with no symptom. Conclusion: In Freiberg's disease, dorsal closing wedge osteotomy is recommended for the improvement of clinical symptoms and range of motion.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2017

Purpose Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a biologic marker of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), produced by normal thyroid tissue or thyroid cancer tissue. Therefore, the Tg values of DTC patients is the most specific indicator for judging whether recurrence occur or whether the remaining thyroid cancer is present. Thyroid cancer is currently the most common cancer in Korea, of which 90% is differentiated thyroid cancer. The number of patients with thyroid disease of this application also increased, and an accurate and prompt results are required. However, the incubation time of the Tg commonly takes about 24 hours in our hospital, and the result reporting time is delayed, and We could not satisfied with the requirements of clinical departments and patients. In order to fulfill these requirements, experiments were conducted by shortening the incubation time between company B's Kit currently in use and company C's Kit used in other hospitals. Through these experiments, we could perform the correlation with the original method and shortening method, and could find the optimum reaction time to satisfy the needs of the departments and the patients, and we will improve the competitiveness with the EIA examination. Materials and Methods In September 2016, we tested 65 patients company B's kit and company C's kit by three incubation ways. First method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr/2hr, Second method RT shaking 3hr/2hr, Third method 1hr/1hr shaking at $37^{\circ}C$. Fourth method RT shaking 3hr method which is the original method of Company C's Kit. Fifth method, the incubation time was shortened under room temperature shaking 2hr, Sixth method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr. And we performed and compared the correlation and coefficient of each methods. Results As a result of performing shortening method on company B currently in use, when comparing the Original method of company B kit, First method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr/2hr was less than Tg 1.0 ng/mL and the ratio of $R^2=0.5906$, above 1.0 ng/mL In the value, $R^2=0.9597$. Second method RT shaking 3hr/2hr was $R^2=0.7262$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, $R^2=0.9566$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Third method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 1hr/1hr was $R^2=0.7728$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, $R^2=0.8904$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Forth, Company C's The original method, RT shaking 3hr was $R^2=0.7542$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, and $R^2=0.9711$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Fifth method RT shaking 2hr was $R^2=0.5477$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, $R^2=0.9231$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Sixth method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr showed $R^2=0.2848$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, $R^2=0.9028$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Conclusion Samples with both values of 1.0 ng/mL or higher in both of the six methods showed relatively high correlation, but the correlation was relatively low less than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Especially, the $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr method of company C showed a sharp fluctuation from the low concentration value of 1.0 ng/mL or less. Therefore, we are planning to continuously test the time, equipment, incubation temperature and so on for the room temperature shaking 2hr method and $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 1hr/1hr of company C which showed a relatively high correlation. After that, we can search for an appropriate shortening method through additional experiments such as recovery test, dilution test, sensitivity test, and provide more accurate and prompt results to the department of medical treatment, It is competitive with EIA test.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.443-446
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• 2012

Purpose: Telomeres play a key role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and stability, and telomere shortening is involved in initiation and progression of malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine whether telomere length is associated with the colorectal carcinoma. Patients and methods: A total of 148 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues were evaluated for telomere length, P53 mutation, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mutation detected by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Telomere length was estimated by real-time PCR. Samples with a T/S>1.0 have an average telomere length greater than that of the standard DNA; samples with a T/S<1.0 have an average telomere length shorter than that of the standard DNA. Results: Telomeres were shorter in CRCs than in adjacent tissues, regardless of tumor stage and grade, site, or genetic alterations (P=0.004). Telomere length in CRCs also had differences with COX-2 status (P=0.004), but did not differ with P53 status (P=0.101), tumor progression (P=0.244), gender (P=0.542), and metastasis (P=0.488). There was no clear trend between T/S optimal cut-off values (<1 or > 1) and colorectal tumor progression, metastasis, gender, P53 and COX-2 status. Conclusion: These findings suggesting that telomere shortening is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis but does not differ with tumor progression, gender, and metastasis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.11
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• pp.489-495
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• 2014

Purpose: The aims of this study were to document our single-center experience with pediatric acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM) and to investigate its clinical features and short-term outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all children <18 years old who were diagnosed with AFM between October 2008 and February 2013. Data about patient demographics, initial symptoms, investigation results, management, and outcomes between survivors and nonsurvivors were collected. Results: Seventeen of 21 patients (80.9%) with myocarditis were diagnosed with AFM. Eleven patients (64.7%) survived to discharge, and 6 (35.3%) died. Electrocardiography on admission revealed dysrhythmia in 10 patients (58.8%); of these, all 7 patients with a complete atrioventricular block survived. Fractional shortening upon admission was significantly different between the survivors (16%) and nonsurvivors (8.5%) (P=0.01). Of the serial biochemical markers, only the initial brain natriuretic peptide (P=0.03) and peak blood urea nitrogen levels (P=0.02) were significantly different. Of 17 patients, 4 (23.5%) required medical treatment only. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was performed in 13 patients (76.5%); the survival rate in these patients was 53.8%. ECMO support was initiated >24 hours after admission in 4 of the 13 patients (30.7%), and 3 of those 4 patients (75%) died. Conclusion: AFM outcomes may be associated with complete atrioventricular block upon hospital admission, left ventricular fractional shortening at admission, time from admission to the initiation of ECMO support, initial brain natriuretic peptide level, and peak blood urea nitrogen level.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1005-1010
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• 1999

To study the shortening of rigor mortis and changes in the morphological properties of gamma-irradiated pre-rigor bovine muscle (M). Sternomandibularis during post mortem, this experiment was performed with a test of shear force and the observation of the ultrastucture of raw muscle. The time elapsed until maximum shear force values was shortened by gamma irradiation, depending upon the dose. The release of rigor mortis started earlier than control (non-irradiated muscle). A shortening of the length of the Z-line and the maintenance of the sarcomere length by gamma irradiation was observed. The breakdown of the perimysium of muscle bundles was observed more in irradiated samples than in the control. In conclusion, it is considered that gamma irradiation on pre-rigor beef shortens aging-period, improves tenderness and enhances the beef quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.709-712
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• 2008

RC super tall buildings are planned and constructed recently in domestic area. Concrete is characterized by time dependant material such as creep and shrinkage. For this properties of concrete, differential shortening is one of the main issues on super tall buildings construction. This study includes material research, which is performing as a pre design stage to solve differential shortening on Lotte Super Tower Jamsil core structure(50, 60, & 70 MPa). The major part of this study is composed with comparison and analysis between experimental data and predicted data on total shrinkage and total compliance which were used on design stage. Four models, ACI209R Model, Ba${\check{z}}$ant-Baweja B3 Model, CEB MC99 Model, & GL2000 Model, were employed to predict them. It also tries to seek a proper model for high strength and high performance concrete in the case of no concrete test.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.517-525
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• 2018

The construction of super tall building which structure is RC and must be certainly considered on column shortening estimation and construction reflected concrete creep has been increased. Regarding the Fck 60~80MPa grade high strength concrete applied in the domestic super tall building project, the mechanical properties and creep deflection according to curing conditions(Drying creep/Basic creep) were reviewed in this research. Results of compressive strength and elastic modulus under sealed curing condition were 5% higher than unsealed condition and difference of results according to the curing condition was increased over time. Autogenous and drying shrinkage tendency showed adversely in the case of high strength concrete. Additionally, creep modulus under unseal curing condition was evaluated 2~3 times higher than sealed condition. Modified model of ACI-209 based on test result was applied to estimate long period shortening of vertical members(such as Core Wall/Mega Column) exactly, it is designed to modify and suggest the optimal creep model based on various data accumulated during construction, in the future.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.395-407
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• 2019

The duplex system has been considered as an important slip-transfer mechanism to evaluate the evolution of orogenic belts. Duplexes are generally found in the hinterland portion of fold-thrust belts and accommodate large amounts of total shortening. Thus, understanding its geometric and kinematic evolution can give information to evaluate the evolution of the entire orogenic belt. Duplexes are recognized as closed-loop thrust traces on map view, indicating higher connectivity than imbricate fans. As originally defined, a duplex is an array of thrust horses which are surrounded by thrust faults including the floor and roof thrusts, and imbricate faults between them. Duplexes can accommodate regional layer-parallel shortening and transfer slip from a floor thrust to a roof thrust. However, an imbricate fault is not the only mean for layer-parallel shortening (LPS) and displacement transfer within duplexes. LPS cleavages and detachment folds can also play the same role. From this aspect, a duplex can be divided into three types; 1) fault duplex, 2) cleavage duplex and 3) fold duplex. Fault duplex can further be subdivided into the Boyer-type duplex, which was firstly designed duplex system in the 1980s that widely applied most of the major fold-thrust belts in the world, and connecting splay duplex, which has different time order in the emplacement of horses from those of the Boyer-type. On the contrary, the cleavage and fold duplexes are newly defined types based on some selected examples. In the Korean Peninsula, the Yeongwol area, the western part of the Taebaeksan Zone of the Okcheon Belt, gives an excellent natural laboratory to study the structural geometry and kinematics of the closed-loops by thrust fault traces in terms of a duplex system. In the previous study, the Yeongwol thrust system was interpreted by alternative duplex models; a Boyer-type hinterland-dipping duplex vs. a combination of major imbricate thrusts and their connecting splays. Although the high angled beds and thrusts as well as different stratigraphic packages within the horses of the Yeongwol duplex system may prefer the later complicate model, currently, we cannot choose one simple answer between the models because of the lack of direct field evidence and time information. Therefore, further researches on the structural field investigations and geochronological analyses in the Yeongwol and adjacent areas should be carried out to test the possibility of applying the fold and cleavage duplex models to the Yeongwol thrust system, and it will eventually provide clues to solve the enigma of formation and its evolution of the Okcheon Belt.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.54-62
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• 1996

Effect of reentrant type bowl geometry on combustion characteristics was investigated in a D.1.diesel engine. The main factor was the aspect ratio (Bowl Diameter/Bowl Depth) of bowl of combustion chamber, and the measured data include the cylinder pressure, engine performance and emissions of the engine using the 4 kinds of the combustion chamber. Experimental results indicate that the effect of dc/H and nozzle protrusion are relatively small and there exists an optimum dc/H according to the combustion conditions. It is also found that the smoke emission is quite sensitive the overall combustion time where the 90 percentage of the combustion heat is released. The smoke mission increases by shortening the 90% combustion time while it decreases by delaying the 90% combustion time.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12A
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• pp.1978-1982
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• 2001

In a Multi-carrier modulation system, CP (Cyclic prefix) is inserted in the transmit tame in order to eliminate the ISI (Intersymbol Interference) and ICI (Interchannel Interference) caused by delay spread of a received signal, which in rum degrades the throughput of the system. TEQ (Time-domain equalizer) improves the system throughput by shortening the CIR (Channel Impulse Response) time and maintaining the CP length to the minimum regardless of the channel condition. In this paper, a new MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) TEQ algorithm is proposed and its performance is analyzed in order to speed up computing the optimum tap coefficients of the equalizer by employing Newton method.