• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.267-278
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• 2020

The heterogeneity and complexity of malaria involves political and natural environments, socioeconomic development, cross-border movement, and vector biology; factors that cannot be changed in a short time. This study aimed to assess the impact of economic growth and cross-border movement, toward elimination of malaria in Yunnan Province during its pre-elimination phase. Malaria data during 2011-2016 were extracted from 18 counties of Yunnan and from 7 villages, 11 displaced person camps of the Kachin Special Region II of Myanmar. Data of per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained from Yunnan Bureau of Statistics. Data were analyzed and mapped to determine spatiotemporal heterogeneity at county and village levels. There were a total 2,117 malaria cases with 85.2% imported cases; most imported cases came from Myanmar (78.5%). Along the demarcation line, malaria incidence rates in villages/camps in Myanmar were significantly higher than those of the neighboring villages in China. The spatial and temporal trends suggested that increasing per-capita GDP may have an indirect effect on the reduction of malaria cases when observed at macro level; however, malaria persists owing to complex, multi-faceted factors including poverty at individual level and cross-border movement of the workforce. In moving toward malaria elimination, despite economic growth, cooperative efforts with neighboring countries are critical to interrupt local transmission and prevent reintroduction of malaria via imported cases. Cross-border workers should be educated in preventive measures through effective behavior change communication, and investment is needed in active surveillance systems and novel diagnostic and treatment services during the elimination phase.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.111-124
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• 2014

This dissertation is to seek new valuable possibility of the 100 best Chinese films on storytelling in Chinese films as considering about content development of Korea and China's Collaborative film production and extension, that being magnified as a new content for variety of Korean film production. The moment to the Korean wave is getting cold in Japan, Korean wave is attempt to receive attention in new field through China by various image field with Korean drama's appeal. However, film content fall short of our expectation than media content, even if supporting much various attempts with Korea and China's Collaborative film production content. Specially, there are not satisfied films for Korea and China both counties's audience, although Korea and China's Collaborative film production has been produced steadily. The writer studies on stories of Chinese essential 100 films for searching deeply this problem. Among them, in selected 'The 100 Best Chinese Films' by China in 2005, films in 1930's are selected as the first step to study, and this dissertation searches to communicate storytelling's meaning in Chinese films through that time image. This studies what is the point of selected story by China, and there are what kind of worries. This dissertation considers that focused on characters, event and background. Chinese film in 1930's represented life in times through process of play development that is connected with poverty, reality of society, death, tragedy and tragicomedy.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.509-532
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• 2013

Minimum Housing Standard is an instrument to cope with the problems of public health and community hygiene, deterioration of working class housing conditions appeared commonly in the process of capitalist industrialization and rapid rural-to-urban migration. This paper aims to examine the institutionalization of histories of minimum housing standard in the advanced countries, and analyze the spatio-temporal changes and characteristics of households failing to meet the New Minimum Housing Standard in Seoul Metropolitan since 1995. The analysis of this paper is based on the census data on population and housing. The results are as follows; Households failing to meet the New Minimum Housing Standard in Seoul are 501,000 households(1.368 million person, 14.4%). This means Seoul has overtaken the national average 11.8% for the first time and there are structurally marginal band of households who can not improve the housing conditions by themselves. In addition, the fact that the rate of Seoul households living in the marginal shelter including the basement and rooftop room is the highest in Korea means the housing quality issues of Seoul is serious. Spatial distribution of households failing to meet the standard is divided into the northeast area and the southwest area in Seoul. Main features of the households are female-headed families, middle and old-aged people, divorce families, lower educated people, under and graduate students, non-apartments, dweller in 15~20 year old houses.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.310-321
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• 2013

The paper aims to understand the concept of social innovation and its development stages emerging as a new regional development policy trend and to define the role of public sector for social innovation. Spatial policy issues that urban development corporations to carry out development projects for regional policy need to deal with have expanded to include crucial social issues such as poverty, quality of life and happiness. Therefore it is increasingly significant for them to take social innovation into consideration. In this context, this study formulates evaluation framework for the role of public sector in social innovation and investigates its position and limitation in social innovation practices. As a result, almost all corporations have made various efforts for promoting both public purposes of housing and land development and social contribution for the community. However, few corporations have achieved organizational capacity building and idea implementation for social innovation. Growing demand for social innovation in both spatial and regional policies tends to bring up profound challenges to public regional development agencies including urban development corporations. It is then a time to seek to carry out related researches and policy option formulation for social innovation in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.36
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• pp.309-338
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• 1998

The American military occupations of Korea(1945-1948) and Japan(1945-1952) after the second world war had great influences on the history of the two countries, the contents and results were, however, quite different. This study attempts to analyze the similarities and differences, the determinants of the social welfare policy, and their long-term effects on the later social welfare policies in the two countries. For the purpose of this study, it uses a comparative case study on the public assistant policies of the two countries during the American military occupation. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows. Firstly, although the American military occupations of the two countries faced the similar social problems during the same period, their countermeasures were quite different from each other. In Korea, the American military occupation hardly tried to establish a substantial social welfare system by making laws, but, mainly relying on temporary emergency relief, they just aimed for social control. On the other hand, in Japan, the American military occupation tried to improve the existing social welfare system in terms of the principles of demilitarization and democratization. Secondly, the political determinants of the social welfare policy in the two countries were much more important than the socioeconomic determinants. Especially the differences in the basic military occupation principles, the administration structure, and the roles of the indigenous ruling classes acted upon the different social welfare policies of Korea and Japan. Thirdly, the long-term effects on the later social welfare policies in the two countries was different. In Korea, the American military occupation hardly contributed to modernize the social welfare policy. Therefore, the unsystematic premodern relief system continued to exist for a long time. On the other hand, in Japan, the American military occupation contributed to modernizing the social welfare policy in terms of ideology and system and formed the groundwork for developing the later social welfare policies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.179-201
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• 2013

Since the 1960s, Korean welfare regime has been characterized by developmental welfare regime, of which invisible welfare programs like relation-based welfare are one of core elements. Developmental welfare regime of Korea has been dismantled after 1990s by the internal and external pressures. Focusing on the declines of relation-based welfare, this study examines the dismantle of developmental welfare regime of Korea. Since the late-1990s, the roles of inter-family income transfer and public income transfer are significant changed in terms of each share of total household income and each contribution of poverty alleviation. In other words, the role of public welfare has been growing while that of relation-based welfare has been decreased in the last twenty years. For the sake of a successful welfare regime transition in Korea, redistributional function of public welfare is quite important, but the development of reciprocal social economy and open community are also needed. Because, at this time and in this place, traditional welfare state building strategy is not proper in many aspects. However, it is impossible to achieve the development of reciprocal open community by restoration of relation-based welfare which has been already declined. This study regards enlargement of social economy or third sector as a development of reciprocal open community, and insists that cooperatives are especially worthy of notice.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1984

The socio-psychiatric study and personality analysis by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory on attempted suicides with drug intoxication in Seonsan-Gun and Cheongdo-Gun of Kyoungsang buk-Do was attempted to identify overall picture of attempted suicides and to detect some characteristics of personality. The total of 93 suicide attempted cases which were brought to the local clinics for the past 3 years from February, 1981 to February,1984 were sampled among them. The socio-psychiatric study and MMPI were performed with 45 attempters possible to be interviewed. The personalities of a group which answered "Still have the desire occasionally" or "Don't know about the present attitude toward suicide was compared with those of the other group who answered "Will not do it agagin". The results were as follows; 1) The sex ratio of the total attempters (93 cases) were 138.5. The highest rate by age group was found in the 3rd decade to be 27 cases. On the other hand, the sex ratio of interviewed cases were 136.8 and the highest rate was found in the age group of 50-59. 2) For the common characteristics of majority other than sex, 55.7% of cases were graduated primary school, and 62.2% were engaged in agriculture. 3) Except the fact that more of the attempted suicides happened during summer, there were no seasonal variation among other seasons. 4) The places selected for the attempted suicides were the houses in majority of cases (98%). Most of cases (53.3%) were found immediately after the attempt and 24.4% within one hour. For the poison taken, 86.7 took a sort of herbicides or insecticides, 55.6% were admitted to local clinics for only one day and 20% for two days. 5) The most common precipitating factors of the attempted suicides were family trouble and financial poverty. 6) The psychodynamic motives of the attempters were impulsive hostility(35.6%), abandonment(33.3%), guilt feeling (11.1%), manipulation and attention seeking (8.9%) and others. 7) In regard to their present attitude toward suicide, 29 cases (64.4%) expressed that they would never do such an act again, 37.8% of cases expressed that they really wanted to die at the time when they attempted. 8) The Psychopathic deviate, Paranoia, Depression, Schizophrenia scores were significantly higher in the attempters group who answered "Don't know" or "Possibly" for the question of "Will you attempt suicide again?" Than the group who answered" will not do it again".

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

King of Jujeong(周定王) named Jusuk(朱橚) was thought to be an exemplary character as a scholar and a politician, who was not an Oriental medical doctor but a compiler publishing a set of three medical books and a set of volumes on famine relief to save people in the areas of natural disasters or spring poverty. He was born on July 1, 1361 as the fifth son of Juwonjang(朱元璋), the first Emperor (1368-1398) of the Myeong-dynasty (1368-1644) of China. It was not clearly known about his mother other than assuming, but hard to ascertain, that she was from Goryeo, the ancient country in the Korean Peninsula, and became a loyal concubine of Juwonjang(朱元璋). He was the brother of Yeongrakje(永樂帝), the third Emperor(1402-1424) of the Myeong-dynasty. As a focal figure in the political forces at that time in the Myeong-dynasty, he had a life full of vicissitudes such as being removed from office, being exiled to a remote place, being scattered far and wide between family members, being implicated in the rebellion and so on. It seemed that he brushed up on his study, taking a class on an emir until the year of 1380 at the age of twenty. And he published "Bosaeng-yeorok(保生餘錄)" and "Bojebang(普濟方)" for eight years from 1381 to 1389 (at age 21-29), "Sujinbang(袖珍方)" in 1391 (at 31), and "Guhwangboncho(救荒本草)" in 1406 (at 46), republishing "Sujinbang(袖珍方)" in 1415 (at 65). Endowed with a brilliant talent from early days, Yeong-rakje(永樂帝) wrote the poem(the poem paying a high tribute to a King) well and composed one hundred pieces of poetry on the story of the Won Dynasty (1271-1368) of China. He leaded a quiet life in his later years and died a natural death at Gaebong(開封, a city in China) at 65 in 1425. He had 15 sons including king of Juheon(朱憲王) Yudon(有敦) and 11 daughters. His books contributed absolutely to the growth of Oriental medical field, and also to the increase in population, having influence on bringing about compilation of the books on Oriental medicine and famine relief of the Joseon Dynasty (the old Korean kingdom from AD 1392 to 1910).

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-211
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• 1993

The Korean government embarked upon ambitious economic development plans in the 1960's the goals of development policy at that time were the elimination of absolute poverty and the alleviation of unemployment. With scant natural resources, the government had to push for industrialization based upon borrowed foreign raw materials with surplus local labor. Preoccupation with the economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environmental protection. It is evident that Korea's exported industrialization strategy of the past three decades has been a success in terms of income, production, and other macroeconomic indicators, but it cannot be denied that a host of undesirable side-effects have been created. These include environmental problems. congestion in several large cities, poor wealth distribution, and regional disparities. The environmental problems were recognized even in the early stage of development, but preoccupation with the pending economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environment protection. The perceived and actual seriousness of the problems, however, has reached such a level that further negligence may imperil political stability and developmental problems facing the world arise from a world economic order characterized by ever expanding consumption and production, which exhausts and contaminates natural resources and creates and perpetuates gross inequalities between and within nations. It will be necessary to develop new culture and ethical values, transform economic structures, and reorient, our lifestyles. Changing lifestyles can not be promoted by government policy initiative alone but through self=generated educational efforts and mutual training by people themselves. The citizens group for environment (NGOs) should assume these educational and training responsibilities starting from grass-root level of people. It must be reawakened to the reality that the environmental preservation for better quality of life is based on the development of human relationships, creativity, spirituality, reverance for the natural world and celebration of life, and is not dependent upon increased consumption of non-basic material goods. To carry on such environment education social movements and NGOs should (1) provides educational methodologies, which focus on values clarification and moving beyond clarification and moving beyond blame to constructive action. (2) provide training for leaders of business and industry, government, union and others on consumption and production. (3) initiate and support the training and work of environmental counselor who encourage responsible consumption. (4) cooperative with media to initiate and strengthen educational programs on the social environmental programs on the social environmental impacts of consumption and production and to build awareness of consumer responsibility and potential. Economic and social development can be compatible with environment protection : both can be achieved simultaneously. Effective environmental management depends on the various factors : political will, institutional arrangements, appropriate legislation, and availability of the requistite financial and technological resources, which is possible with a strong public awareness of the importance of environmental preservation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.71-91
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• 2004

The National Basic Livelihood Security System implemented from October 2000 has expanded cash assistance to cover the poor households that have work ability. The cash assistance for the households with work ability has positive aspects of providing basic livelihood security for all people, but many people have worried about its negative aspects such as the decrease of labor supply among the low-income people with work ability. However, there has been few study that evaluated the effects of the NBLS implementation on labor supply. One of the reason for this may be related with the difficulty of research methodology that there were neither program group nor control group, because NBLS was implemented for all the people at the same time. This study suggests alternative program groups and control groups based on work ability and education. Using wave1 to wave5 data of the Korean Labor and Income Survey, this study estimated the effects of the NBLS implementation on employment and work hours. A difference-in-difference approach was applied to these alternative program and control groups. I found that the implementation of NBLS did not have any statistically significant effects on employment an work hours. It is too early to conclude from this result that cash assistance for the poor households with work ability does not induce any labor supply decrease in Korea. Rather, I interpret this result as reflecting that the NBLS system was too limited to induce any sizable decrease of labor supply or that the work requirement imposed on the recipients with work ability was effective in deterring work disincentive among the low-income population. Future research need to explore better program and control groups and investigate long-term effects.