• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.81-99
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• 2013

One of the most defining characteristics of arbitration is that an arbitral tribunal's jurisdiction is established by parties' mutual agreement. If a party to the arbitral proceedings believes that a tribunal constituted lacks jurisdiction to conduct the arbitral proceedings, it may challenge the jurisdiction of the tribunal in different ways. Although the concept of kompetenz-kompetenz and the grounds to challenge the Tribunal's jurisdiction are readily accepted in the arbitration community, what parties often fail to observe is the time limit imposed by the relevant laws in bringing such objections. This article aims to examine several main ways of challenging the tribunal's jurisdiction and the applicable time limits in each scenario. The article will then focus on the consequences of a party's failure to adhere to the strict time limits and its effect at the post-award stage. These issues will be considered in the light of case law from different Model law jurisdictions with particular illustrations from the arbitration law of Singapore.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권45호
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• pp.237-246
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• 1998

In most statistical process control(SPC), control charts are used in which samples are taken and a suitable statistic is determined and plotted. In these control charts, control limits, ${\mu}{\pm}textsc{k{\sigma}}$, from which a decision is made are mostly ${\mu}{\pm}3{\sigma}$ and current literature in control charts are mainly concerned with detecting a shift in the mean. Therefore, when $\sigma$ is increased considerably after a long time, using control limits set at the first time causes a great deal of economic loss. In this paper the solutions to determine new control limits which maximizes the profit per unit produced and reduce $\sigma$ to economically optimal level for a certain cost when $\sigma$ is increased due to process deterioration are proposed. By applying new control limits, $\alpha$ error decreases considerably compared to apply initial control limits when $\sigma$ is increased due to process deterioration. Therefore, false alarm investigation cost drops down to the level of initial a error. And also this solution provides useful information regarding replacement of a process when the process is reviewed regularly.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2000

Many lot of books introduce the methods to calculate the time of concentration, and these are described as various forms of formulas. There are few formulas appropriate for our basin characteristics Therefone, there are problems to make excessive or less estimation when these formulas are used. To solve these problems, comparison of formulas and sensitivity analysis for them were made with converting parameters. Finally, Time of concentration was estimated to derive Application limits for 3 watersheds by standardized formulas. In the case of input parameters analysis, SCS formula has the highest value by the length, Kerby by the height and SCS by the slope, respectively, while Kraven formula has the lowest value among them. Concerning the relative sensitivity by Taylor series, the time of concentration showed the constant effect while increasing of the length and slope, and the length was more sensitive than the slope in parameters. Finally the standardization formula developed in this study was applied to derive application limits for 3 watersheds(total 17 subbasins). In this case, Rziha(8 subbasins) and SCS(9 subbasins) formulas were the most similar to observed data of total 17 subbasins respectively. Application limits were about 300~500$\textrm{km}^2$ area, 30~60km length and under 0.01 slope for Rziha formula and about 100~200$\textrm{km}^2$ area, 10~30km length, and over 0.01 slope for SCS formula, respectively.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

Real-life time series characteristic data has significant amount of non-stationary components, especially periodic components in nature. Extracting such components has required many ad-hoc techniques with external parameters set by users in a case-by-case manner. In this study, we used Empirical Mode Decomposition Method from Hilbert-Huang Transform to extract them in a systematic manner with least number of ad-hoc parameters set by users. After the periodic components are removed, the remaining time-series data can be analyzed with traditional methods such as ARIMA model. Then we suggest a different way of setting control chart limits for characteristic data with periodic components in addition to ARIMA components.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess relative safety level of the decompression tables in Ministry of Employment and Labor Public Notice No. 2014-28 in comparison with overseas decompression tables. Methods: Decompression tables in the Public Notice No. 2014-28 were compared with examples from Japan, the USA, Canada, and France in terms of ascent rate, surface intervals after exceptional exposures, oxygen decompression and allowable partial pressure, depth limits in air diving, no-decompression limits, and decompression time and methods. Results: Public Notice No. 2014-28 does not include air diving depth limits, exceptional exposure limits, mandatory surface intervals after exceptional exposures, oxygen decompression, and surface decompression schedules. Its decompression time was found to be the shortest among the five decompression tables. Conclusions: Public Notice No. 2014-28 has the lowest safety level in comparison with overseas decompression tables. Deck decompression chambers are not applicable due to no regulations on surface interval and oxygen use in the chamber for decompression.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.241-246
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• 1984

The power system scheduling process is formulated as an optimization problem with linear inequality constraints. AC Loadflow method is used for the problem solution and line losses are considered. The constraints under consiceration are generator power limits, load schedding limits and line capacity limits. In solving the objective function the Dual Relaxation method is adopted. Tests indicate that the method is practical for real time applications.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.390-401
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• 2005

In this study, extinction limit extension of unsteady $(CH_{4}+N_{2})$/air diffusion flames was investigated experimentally. A spatially locked flame in an opposing jet burner was perturbed by linear velocity variation, and time-dependent flame luminosity, transient maximum flame temperature and OH radical were measured over time with the high speed camera, Rayleigh scattering method and OH laser-induced fluorescence, respectively. Unsteady flames survive at strain rates that are much higher than the extinction limit of steady flames, and unsteady extinction limits extend as the slope of the strain rate increases or the initial strain rate decreases. We verified the validity of the equivalent strain rate concept by comparing the course of unsteady extinction process and steady extinction process, and it was found that the equivalent strain rate concept represents well the unsteady effect of a convective-diffusive zone. To investigate the reason of the unsteady extinction limit extension, we subtracted the time lag of the convective-diffusive zone by using the equivalent strain concept. Then the modified unsteady extinction limits become smaller than the original unsteady extinction limits, however, the modified unsteady extinction limits are still larger than the steady extinction limits. These results suggest that there exist the unsteady behavior of a diffusive-reactive zone near the extinction limit due to the chemical non-equilibrium states associated with unsteady flames.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1695-1705
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 지진취약도 해석에 사용되는 손상상태에 따른 수평변위한계값을 구조물의 항복 및 극한변위에 따라 확률통계적으로 새롭게 제안하기 위하여 국내외에서 실험된 원형단면의 철근콘크리트 교각 총 275본(비내진 149본, 내진 126본)의 실험데이터를 조사하였고 각 상세에 따른 교각의 정량적인 손상상태를 평가하였다. 이후 제안된 수평변위한계값에 따른 실제 교량구조물에 대한 비선형 시간이력해석을 수행한 후 그 결과를 토대로 지진취약도 해석을 통해 기존의 제안된 수평변위한계값들과의 차이를 비교분석하였다. 비교분석 결과, 제안된 값에 의한 중앙값이 기존의 값에 의한 중앙값보다 작게 나타났다. 이는 기존의 수평변위한계값으로 지진취약도 해석시 구조물의 성능을 과다 평가할 수도 있음을 나타낸다.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2003

The target costing technique, mathematically discussed by Sauers, only uses the $C_p index along with Taguchi loss function and $\bar{X}$-P control charts to setup goal control limits. The new specification limits derived from Taguchi loss function is linked through the $C_p value to $\bar{X}$-P control charts to obtain goal control limits. Studies have shown that the point estimator of the $C_p index, $C_p, could vary from time to time due to the sampling error. The suggested approach is to use confidence intervals, especially the lower confidence intervals, to replace the point estimator. Therefore, an improvement on target costing technique is presented by applying the lower confidence interval of the $C_p index and using both Taguchi and Spiring's loss functions together with $\bar{X}$-P charts to make this technique more robust in practice. An example is also provided to illustrate how the improved target costing technique works.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1998

The purpose of the present paper is to determine the time required and error tolerance limits for flight data computation. The results of statistical analysis showed that the calculator side computation required about 50 seconds for each question and wind side computation needed about 115 seconds for each question. In case of error tolerance limits, it was found that the error tolerance limit for altitude computation war 90 feet and two knots of interval was recommanded for the speed computation in calculator side, and one degree of interval for heading computation and five knots interval for speed computation in wind side.