• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.453-464
• /
• 2004

In order to solve the well-known drawback of reduced flexibility that is associate with ASIC implementations, this paper proposes a novel arithmetic unit over GF(2$^{m}$ ) for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) implementations of elliptic curve cryptographic processor. The proposed arithmetic unit is based on the binary extended GCD algorithm and the MSB-first multiplication scheme, and designed as systolic architecture to remove global signals broadcasting. The proposed architecture can perform both division and multiplication in GF(2$^{m}$ ). In other word, when input data come in continuously, it produces division results at a rate of one per m clock cycles after an initial delay of 5m-2 in division mode and multiplication results at a rate of one per m clock cycles after an initial delay of 3m in multiplication mode respectively. Analysis shows that while previously proposed dividers have area complexity of Ο(m$^2$) or Ο(mㆍ(log$_2$$^{m}$ )), the Proposed architecture has area complexity of Ο(m), In addition, the proposed architecture has significantly less computational delay time compared with the divider which has area complexity of Ο(mㆍ(log$_2$$^{m}$ )). FPGA implementation results of the proposed arithmetic unit, in which Altera's EP2A70F1508C-7 was used as the target device, show that it ran at maximum 121MHz and utilized 52% of the chip area in GF(2$^{571}$ ). Therefore, when elliptic curve cryptographic processor is implemented on FPGAs, the proposed arithmetic unit is well suited for both division and multiplication circuit.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.8D no.6
• /
• pp.673-680
• /
• 2001

When the developers develop the software, the cost and time of the software development can be reduced by using blocks that are implemented previously. We call these implemented blocks components. In the early stage of Web-based Instruction, it didn't gain preference in spite of it's benefit of convenience. The main reason is, I think, the lack of generality at the education system which eventually results in unsatisfactory facilities compared with the requirement of teachers and students. And the early systems don't make good use of the plenty data in distributed environment, and don't show so good reliablity due to lack of systematic design and development. In this paper, we suggest WBI developing technology using the concept of WBSE. WBI developing is consist of component of pre-developed education software, integration of component using its reusability, and production of more requirement-satisfactory education software.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.5-6
• /
• 2008

In this study, using an experiment, in certified an error between each system of SUV (standardized uptake value) that is one of the main analyses to diagnose a tumor in PET/CT, so, it would assure reliability and help to diagnose any lesions accurately. That is, a detailed analysis progressed. as all images reconstructed every setting time, then, clinical reliability between each system was expressed numerically at MBq/mL and SUV. Therefore, this study is considered that flexibility of follow-up using diverse system was insured, and it helps to offer accurate and beneficial information for diagnosis of various fields.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.370-388
• /
• 2015

The localization of multi-agents, such as people, animals, or robots, is a requirement to accomplish several tasks. Especially in the case of multi-robotic applications, localization is the process for determining the positions of robots and targets in an unknown environment. Many sensors like GPS, lasers, and cameras are utilized in the localization process. However, these sensors produce a large amount of computational resources to process complex algorithms, because the process requires environmental mapping. Currently, combination multi-robots or swarm robots and sensor networks, as mobile sensor nodes have been widely available in indoor and outdoor environments. They allow for a type of efficient global localization that demands a relatively low amount of computational resources and for the independence of specific environmental features. However, the inherent instability in the wireless signal does not allow for it to be directly used for very accurate position estimations and making difficulty associated with conducting the localization processes of swarm robotics system. Furthermore, these swarm systems are usually highly decentralized, which makes it hard to synthesize and access global maps, it can be decrease its flexibility. In this paper, a simple pyramid RAM-based Neural Network architecture is proposed to improve the localization process of mobile sensor nodes in indoor environments. Our approach uses the capabilities of learning and generalization to reduce the effect of incorrect information and increases the accuracy of the agent's position. The results show that by using simple pyramid RAM-base Neural Network approach, produces low computational resources, a fast response for processing every changing in environmental situation and mobile sensor nodes have the ability to finish several tasks especially in localization processes in real time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.150-157
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-tenn stretching type of muscular strength gymnastics on health-related fitness and rating of perceived pain for automotive industry workers. The subjects selected were 27, who were divided into 3 groups(A group=10, B group=9, C group=8). Group A performed a short-term stretching Type of Muscular Strength Gymnastics only one time. Group B continuously performed the exercise program two times. Group C was a control group. The exercise program was a stretching Type of Muscular Strength Gymnastics, which was performed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Its intensity was RPE 11-15. Data analysis was conducted by using SPSS ver 14.0. The test was conducted with two-way repeated ANOVA, post-hoc Ducan and paired t-test (a<.05). This study showed the following results. Muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility increased in all intra and between groups. Ratio of %fat decreased for group B but the control group presented conversely. Rating of perceived pain of group A decreased at arm and hands. Rating of perceived pain of group A decreased at back and leg.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.1411-1421
• /
• 2009

As the wireless internet grows exponentially, the recent trend has an increasing demand for wireless network and multimedia services. RTP is used to support the multimedia communication over the Internet and it supports the flexibility and adaptability over a wide range. However, RTP has a limitation that it cannot support end-to-end QoS guarantee in a wireless home network which has low throughput and high delay. In this paper, we propose the architecture of a real-time multimedia communication and design and implement the hybrid flow control in the architecture. The hybrid flow control mechanism is based on modified AIMD using metrics such as the network state information and the user properties. We implement the porposed flow control using JMF to evaluate the performance of the proposed flow control. The experimental results show that the proposed flow control has better performance than the AIMD.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.9A no.4
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2002

Modern embedded system employs a hybrid architecture which contains a general micro processor and reconfigurable devices such as FPGAS to retain flexibility and to meet timing constraints. It is a hard and important problem for embedded system designers to explore and find a right system configuration, which is known as design space exploration (DSE). With DES, it is possible to predict a final system configuration during the design phase before physical implementation. In this paper, we implement a timing analysis simulator for a DSE on a hybrid embedded system. The simulator, integrating exiting timing analysis tools for hardware and software, is designed by extending Y-chart approach, which allows quantitative performance analysis by varying design parameters. This timing analysis simulator is expected to reduce design time and costs and be used as a core module of a DSE for a hybrid embedded system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The gluteal artery perforator flaps earned its popularity in buttock reconstruction due to the lower morbidity of the donor site and the flexibility in the design. Speedy and safe reconstruction is important for the success of buttock reconstruction. If a proper design is selected, satisfactory results can be obtained with more simple method of surgery. Methods: Between April 2005 and April 2006, buttock reconstruction by using gluteal artery perforator flaps were performed on sacral sores(6 cases), ischial sores(2 cases) and malignant melanoma on buttock(1 case). Various designs depending on the location and the size of the defect was made. In those designs, perforator was used as an axis for the minimal dissection of the vessel. Donor site from which sufficient amount of soft tissue can be transferred was selected, and also not causing high tension against the recipient site during the donor site closure. In addition, postoperative aesthetics, and the possibility of another design of a second operation which can be necessary in the future, was considered. Results: Patient follow up was for a mean period of 10.8 months. All flaps survived except for one that had undergone partial necrosis. Wound dehiscence was observed in one patient treated by secondary closure. Most patients presented with cosmetically and functionally satisfying results Conclusion: By designing the flap using the perforator as an axis, depending on the defect size and degree, reconstruction can be performed with only a small tension to the donor and the recipient site. And the minimal perforator dissection allowed easier and faster reconstruction. Selection of a proper design is the key procedure which greatly affects operation time and result success.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
• /
• 2000.06a
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2000

The development of paper machines, increasing machine speeds with new, mostly low basis weight and/or high ash content paper grades, as well as the fact that several trends regarding process items have increased the sensitivity of papermaking. At the same time, papermakers are looking for flexibility in the production line. We can say that with all PMs the biggest benefits with the lowest capital spending can be achieved by focusing on improved wet end management. In order to manage wet end chemistry on a paper machine, our goal is to control sub-process through which we can influence the operation of the entire wet end with maximum effect. Key measurements and controls are-white water consistency control which is the most effective way to control retention - charge demand measurement and control which takes care of concentration of the anionic material entering to PM -ash measurements and controls which are deeply related to retention and paper quality This paper presents and concentrates to two of these key controls ; retention and charge. The purpose of charge control is to give the process control the tools to react to changes caused by amount of dissolved and colloida material incoming to wet end system. It is called coagulation or fixing control. Retention control is then taking care of retention aid flow to the process by responding any changes seen in white water consistency. It is called flocculation control. Each of these solutions separately , and even more effectively all together, stabilize the wet end operations and so greatly improve the produced paper quality and machine runnability. Practical results will be presented and they are referring to the latest mill cases. We have developed the first wet end measuring system in the late 1980s and control solutions based on this modern measuring technology were completely updated in 1990s. This paper introduces the principle, operation , and results of our unique wet end analyzers (retention and charge ) which are at the level of automation solutions as a part of paper machine quality control Especially our newest member of the platform , on-line charge analyzer has reached and set new standards to the on-line charge monitoring.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2000

The development of paper machines, increasing machine speeds with new, mostly low basis weight and/or high ash content paper grades, as well as the fact that several trends regarding process items have increased the sensitivity of papermaking. At the same time, papermakers are looking for flexibility in the production line. We can say that with all PMs, the biggest benefits with the lowest capital spending can be achieved by focusing on improved wet end management. In order to manage wet end chemistry on a paper machine, our goal is to control subprocesses through which we can influence the operation of the entire wet end with maximum effect. Key measurements and controls are - white water consistency control which is the most effective way to control retention. - charge demand measurement and control which takes care of concentration of the anionic material entering to PM. - ash measurements and controls which are deeply related to retention and paper quality. This paper presents and concentrates to two of these key controls: retention and charge. The purpose of charge control is to give the process control the tools to react to changes caused by amount of dissolved and colloidal material incoming to wet end system. It is called coagulation or fixing control. Retention control is then taking care of retention aid flow to the process by responding any changes seen in white water consistency. It is called flocculation control. Each of these solutions separately, and even more effectively all together, stabilize the wet end operations and so greatly improve the produced paper quality and machine runnability. Practical results will be presented and they are referring to the latest mill cases. We have developed the first wet end measuring system in the late 1980s and control solutions based on this modern measuring technology were completely updated in 1990s. This paper introduces the principle, operation, and results of our unique wet end analyzers (retention and charge) which are at the level of automation solutions as a part of paper machine quality control. Especially our newest member of the platform, on-line charge analyzer has reached and set new standards to the on-line charge monitoring.