• Title/Summary/Keyword: Time Distance Accessibility

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Digital Divide and the Change of Spatial Structure by the Increasing Diffusion of the Internet (인터넷의 확산에 따른 디지털 격차와 공간구조의 변화)

  • Lee, Hee-Yeon;Lee, Yong-Gyun
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.407-427
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    • 2004
  • The rapid innovation of information and communication technology and its sharp falling prices have brought about the expansion of the Internet, integrating the world as one space under converged space and time. This rapid expansion of the Internet and its application in the economy have spurred the emergence of the digital economy. The Internet has influenced strongly on the changes of not only economic activities but also political, social and cultural activities. In this context, a rapidly increasing Internet expansion renders the rhetoric about the death of distance and about the meaningless of geographical place. However, the development and expansion of Internet induces a growing digital divide among nations and also a spatial inequality in a nation as the supply of the Internet has concentrated towards demand-affluent large cities. A large gap of digital access has been occurred between high income and low income countries according to a measurement of the international digital access index. In a national level, the Internet backbone has been built around large cities which favor a large amount of the Internet demand, and the affordable accessibility of these cities for the Internet services has influenced strongly on the agglomeration of Internet related industries, further inducing the construction and investment of the Internet backbone into large cities as cumulative causation effects. As a result, the expansion of the Internet affects immensely on the changes of spatial structure in a nation resulting in the new spatial phenomena such as centralization, concentration and splintering in the digitalized space-economy.

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A Pedestrian Network Assignment Model Considering Space Syntax (공간구문론(Space Syntax)을 고려한 통합보행네트워크 통행배정모형)

  • Lee, Mee Young;Kim, Jong Hyung;Kim, Eun Jung
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 2015
  • In Space Syntax, the greater the degree of integration between separate links, the greater the links' accessibility from the target network. As such, planning pedestrian walks so that links with high degrees of integration are connected, or else inducing high integration value land use are both valid options. The travel distribution model reflects how walking demand, or more specifically, the pedestrian, partakes in route choosing behavior that minimizes select criteria, notably level of discomfort, as measured using travel distance and time. The model thus demonstrates travel patterns associated with demand pertaining to minimization of discomfort experienced by the pedestrian. This research introduces a method that integrates Space Syntax and the pedestrian travel distribution model. The integrated model will determine whether regions with high degrees of integration are actually being used as pivots for pedestrian demand movement, as well as to explain whether the degree of integration is sustained at an appropriate level while considering actual movement demand. As a means to develop the integrated model, a method that combines display of the visibility of the space syntax network and road-divided links is proposed. The pedestrian travel distribution model also includes an alternative path finding mechanism between origin and destination, which allows for uniform allocation of demand.

A study on the selection of candidates for public bases according to the spatial distribution characteristics Automated External Defibrillator in Daegu City (대구시 자동심장충격기 공간분포 특성에 따른 공공 거점후보지 선정 연구)

  • Beak, Seong Ryul;Kim, Jun Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.599-610
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    • 2020
  • The AED (Automated External Defibrillator) is not evaluated for spatial accuracy and temporal availability even if it is located within a building or a specific area that needed necessary to partition by spatial analysis and location allocation analysis. As a result of the analysis, the spatial analysis was performed using the existing public data of AED with applied the GIS location analysis method. A public institution (119 safety center, police box) was selected as a candidate for a public AED base that can operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year according to the characteristics of each residential area. In addition, Thiessen Polygons were created for each candidate site and divided by regions. In the analysis of the service was analyzed regional in terms of accessibility to emergency medical services in consideration of the characteristics of AED, that emergency vehicles could arrive within 4 minutes of the time required for emergency medical treatment in most areas of the study area, but it did not areas outside of the city center. As a result, It was found that the operation of the AED base service center centered on vehicles of public institutions is effective for responding to AED patients at night and weekend hours. 19 Safety Center under and police box the jurisdiction of Daegu City to establish an AED service center for public institutions, location-based distance, attribute analysis, and minimization of overlapping areas that the method of using a vehicle appeared more efficient than using the existing walking type AED.

A Store Recommendation Procedure in Ubiquitous Market for User Privacy (U-마켓에서의 사용자 정보보호를 위한 매장 추천방법)

  • Kim, Jae-Kyeong;Chae, Kyung-Hee;Gu, Ja-Chul
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.123-145
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    • 2008
  • Recently, as the information communication technology develops, the discussion regarding the ubiquitous environment is occurring in diverse perspectives. Ubiquitous environment is an environment that could transfer data through networks regardless of the physical space, virtual space, time or location. In order to realize the ubiquitous environment, the Pervasive Sensing technology that enables the recognition of users' data without the border between physical and virtual space is required. In addition, the latest and diversified technologies such as Context-Awareness technology are necessary to construct the context around the user by sharing the data accessed through the Pervasive Sensing technology and linkage technology that is to prevent information loss through the wired, wireless networking and database. Especially, Pervasive Sensing technology is taken as an essential technology that enables user oriented services by recognizing the needs of the users even before the users inquire. There are lots of characteristics of ubiquitous environment through the technologies mentioned above such as ubiquity, abundance of data, mutuality, high information density, individualization and customization. Among them, information density directs the accessible amount and quality of the information and it is stored in bulk with ensured quality through Pervasive Sensing technology. Using this, in the companies, the personalized contents(or information) providing became possible for a target customer. Most of all, there are an increasing number of researches with respect to recommender systems that provide what customers need even when the customers do not explicitly ask something for their needs. Recommender systems are well renowned for its affirmative effect that enlarges the selling opportunities and reduces the searching cost of customers since it finds and provides information according to the customers' traits and preference in advance, in a commerce environment. Recommender systems have proved its usability through several methodologies and experiments conducted upon many different fields from the mid-1990s. Most of the researches related with the recommender systems until now take the products or information of internet or mobile context as its object, but there is not enough research concerned with recommending adequate store to customers in a ubiquitous environment. It is possible to track customers' behaviors in a ubiquitous environment, the same way it is implemented in an online market space even when customers are purchasing in an offline marketplace. Unlike existing internet space, in ubiquitous environment, the interest toward the stores is increasing that provides information according to the traffic line of the customers. In other words, the same product can be purchased in several different stores and the preferred store can be different from the customers by personal preference such as traffic line between stores, location, atmosphere, quality, and price. Krulwich(1997) has developed Lifestyle Finder which recommends a product and a store by using the demographical information and purchasing information generated in the internet commerce. Also, Fano(1998) has created a Shopper's Eye which is an information proving system. The information regarding the closest store from the customers' present location is shown when the customer has sent a to-buy list, Sadeh(2003) developed MyCampus that recommends appropriate information and a store in accordance with the schedule saved in a customers' mobile. Moreover, Keegan and O'Hare(2004) came up with EasiShop that provides the suitable tore information including price, after service, and accessibility after analyzing the to-buy list and the current location of customers. However, Krulwich(1997) does not indicate the characteristics of physical space based on the online commerce context and Keegan and O'Hare(2004) only provides information about store related to a product, while Fano(1998) does not fully consider the relationship between the preference toward the stores and the store itself. The most recent research by Sedah(2003), experimented on campus by suggesting recommender systems that reflect situation and preference information besides the characteristics of the physical space. Yet, there is a potential problem since the researches are based on location and preference information of customers which is connected to the invasion of privacy. The primary beginning point of controversy is an invasion of privacy and individual information in a ubiquitous environment according to researches conducted by Al-Muhtadi(2002), Beresford and Stajano(2003), and Ren(2006). Additionally, individuals want to be left anonymous to protect their own personal information, mentioned in Srivastava(2000). Therefore, in this paper, we suggest a methodology to recommend stores in U-market on the basis of ubiquitous environment not using personal information in order to protect individual information and privacy. The main idea behind our suggested methodology is based on Feature Matrices model (FM model, Shahabi and Banaei-Kashani, 2003) that uses clusters of customers' similar transaction data, which is similar to the Collaborative Filtering. However unlike Collaborative Filtering, this methodology overcomes the problems of personal information and privacy since it is not aware of the customer, exactly who they are, The methodology is compared with single trait model(vector model) such as visitor logs, while looking at the actual improvements of the recommendation when the context information is used. It is not easy to find real U-market data, so we experimented with factual data from a real department store with context information. The recommendation procedure of U-market proposed in this paper is divided into four major phases. First phase is collecting and preprocessing data for analysis of shopping patterns of customers. The traits of shopping patterns are expressed as feature matrices of N dimension. On second phase, the similar shopping patterns are grouped into clusters and the representative pattern of each cluster is derived. The distance between shopping patterns is calculated by Projected Pure Euclidean Distance (Shahabi and Banaei-Kashani, 2003). Third phase finds a representative pattern that is similar to a target customer, and at the same time, the shopping information of the customer is traced and saved dynamically. Fourth, the next store is recommended based on the physical distance between stores of representative patterns and the present location of target customer. In this research, we have evaluated the accuracy of recommendation method based on a factual data derived from a department store. There are technological difficulties of tracking on a real-time basis so we extracted purchasing related information and we added on context information on each transaction. As a result, recommendation based on FM model that applies purchasing and context information is more stable and accurate compared to that of vector model. Additionally, we could find more precise recommendation result as more shopping information is accumulated. Realistically, because of the limitation of ubiquitous environment realization, we were not able to reflect on all different kinds of context but more explicit analysis is expected to be attainable in the future after practical system is embodied.

A Study on the Establishment Process and Spatial Composition of TaiSho Park in Modern Busan (근대 부산에서 대정공원의 성립 과정과 공간 구성에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Young-Jo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.92-102
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    • 2013
  • This study aimed to reveal the establishment process and spatial composition of TaiSho park in modern Busan. The TaiSho park is an athletic park which combines a playground and a rest facilities. The arguments on construction of playground commenced for commemorating Kameyama, Busan director official, when he moved to Taiwan in 1910. First Proposers which construct to sport park were businessman in that time. However, construction of playground was progress as a commemoration business of accession of Taisho Tenno. Playground construction got into stride by the proposal of the Busan mayor Wakamatsu in 1917. When it looks into process of discussion about a site selection candidate, norms of playground site selection are the paly ground which appropriate with effective site area and distance between park and a section of a city, in other hand, those are accessibility and budget. As a result of several arguments and actual site investigation, it was decide to select a site which enters to elementary school, after the isolation hospital relocates. The cost of construction of the TaiSho park is prepared by donation of the Busan civil. The donation fund raising committee was constituted by local commerce and industry people, a company, government, municipal offices and area, and funds was raised systematically. As a result, total amount of construction cost was made from the donation of local civil. The TaiSho park is broadly into two sectors; exercise area and rest and pleasure space. Entrance was set up in three aspects of the park and the subcontract planted. The baseball field took the seat in the central part of the park, and also prepared two tennis courts. Japanese Sumo field was also prepared for the north side of the park. The significance of the TaiSho park in Korea Park history can be summarized in South Korea's first sports park and which was made from the donation of local civil. The remained subjects from this study are to clarify the disappearance process of TaiSho park and a reason why modern Busan people want to get playground.

A Study on the Locational Decision Factors of Discount Stores : The Case of Cheonan (종합슈퍼마켓의 입지 결정 요인에 관한 연구 : 천안상권을 중심으로)

  • So, Jang-Hoon;Hwang, Hee-Joong
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2012
  • In this paper, we investigate several factors that affect the locational decision of discount stores by using previous studies on the marketing area and the location of commercial facilities. We selected 21 primary variables that are expected to influence the decision of store location and, by factor analysis, grouped them into five underlying factors. Among these, the demographic factor, which shows the potential purchasing power level, had the greatest impact on the locational decision for the store. However, we found individual stores positioned according to unique locational characteristics in addition to the demographic factor. It means that we have to additionally consider if the vicinity of the market is based on any physical properties. Many previous studies proposed four decision factors for store location: the economic factor, the demographic factor, the land utilization factor, and traffic factor. However, the fivefold factors-our distinctive contribution-are more concrete and persuasive according to Korean reality. We show that location preference is based on the following criteria: (1) the area is densely populated, (2) houses stand close together, (3) residents have a high income level, (4) road traffic is developed and easy to access, and (5) public transportation is well developed. The demographic factor has the greatest impact on the location of a discount store. The number of households has a greater relevance to the demographic factor than does the individual consumer. Second, discount stores relatively prefer places where houses are located close together because such places offer easy access to the market. Third, a place whose residents have a high income level will be preferred, with its large cars and excellent traffic conditions. Fourth, a location would be highly rated if the roads around commercial facilities are well developed and their accessibility is good. Finally, discount stores must be located close to bus stops because female consumers, including housewives-the most important customers-evaluate stores based on distance. In this research, the variable of consumer attitude and preference was excluded, and the location factors of discount stores were analyzed according to a microscopic view through physical spatial data. In the future, the opening of new discount stores based on the five factors indicated above will require a comparatively shorter time from the first project feasibility analysis. In addition, the result of our study can be applied to the field of public policy for constructing and attracting large-scale distribution facilities.

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