• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2021

Background: The presence of an acromial spur implies a rotator cuff disorder due to impingement between the acromial spur and the rotator cuff. The purpose of the study was to observe acromial spurs using ultrasonography and to compare measurements between plain radiographs and sonograms. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 51 consecutive patients with acromial spurs, which were interpreted on preoperative plain radiographs (supraspinatus outlet view and 30° caudal tilt) and preoperative sonograms. The ultrasonography transducer was held vertically and continuously moved laterally, which corresponded to the long axis of the long head of the biceps. The distance from the most distal margin of the original acromion to the most projected point of the acromial spur was measured. Results: No significant difference was found between the plain radiograph and ultrasonography measurements (p=0.186). A moderate to strong correlation was detected between the ultrasonography and supraspinatus outlet-view measurements (r=0.776, p=0.000). Conclusions: Anteriorly projected acromial spurs were well-visualized by ultrasonography. No discrepancy in acromial spur length was detected between the use of plain radiography (supraspinatus outlet view and 30° caudal-tilt view) and ultrasonography. The correlation coefficients between the plain radiography and ultrasonography measurements exceeded 0.7.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.1229-1232
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• 2004

The ratio of optimized concentration on optical characteristics for phase-separated composite organic films (PSCOF) liquid crystal display is 30% of pre-polymer (NOA65) and 70% of ferroelectric liquid crystal (Felix). The layer structure in ferroelectric liquid crystal cell made by 30% NOA65 and 70% Felix materials is tilt-bookshelf layer structure. The angle of tilt-bookshelf structure are 17$^{\circ}$, 12$^{\circ}$ which are almost same of tilt angle of ferroelectric liquid crystal in Sm $C^{\ast}$ phase. We know that this result is from compensating the layer buckling. In this paper, we will discuss the effect of layer structure in PSCOF cell on ratio of concentration between pre-polymer and liquid crystal by x-ray measurements. We believe that technology of PSCOF is a good solution to solve the problems of align-defect and mechanical shock for future TV application and plastic LCD.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2017

Rockfish was a commercially important fish specie in marine ranching areas in Korea. To estimate density and biomass of rockfish using acoustic method, target strength (TS) information is required on the species. This study measured TS dependence on tilt angle and size on 14 live rockfish individuals at 38, 70, and, 120 kHz by ex-situ measurement (tethered method) and acoustic scattering model (Krichhoff ray mode, KRM). The swimbladdered angle ranged from 18 to $30^{\circ}$ ($mean{\pm}s.d.=26{\pm}4^{\circ}$). The mean TS for all individuals was highest -35.9 dB of tilt angle $-17^{\circ}$ at 38 kHz, -35.4 dB of tilt angle $-25^{\circ}$ at 70 kHz, and -34.9 dB of tilt angle $-22^{\circ}$ at 120 kHz. The ex-situ TS-total length (TL, cm) relationships were $TS_{38kHz}=20log_{10}(TL)-67.1$, $TS_{70kHz}=20log_{10}(TL)-68.6$, and $TS_{120kHz}=20log_{10}(TL)-69.9$, respectively. The model TS-total length (TL, cm) relationships were $TS_{38kHz}=20log_{10}(TL)-66.4$, $TS_{70kHz}=20log_{10}(TL)-67.0$, $TS_{120kHz}=20log_{10}(TL)-67.0$. The two measurements between the ex-situ TS and KRM model for TS-tilt angle and fish size were found to be significantly correlated.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.134-138
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• 2021

스마트폰 등에서 사용되는 고성능 디스플레이에는 다양한 종류의 정밀한 플라스틱 박막 필름(Plastic Thin Film)이 사용되고 있다. 롤투롤(Roll-To-Roll) 공정으로 제조되는 플라스틱 박막 필름은 생산 공정 중에 실시간으로 필름의 두께가 계측되고, 정확하게 관리되어야 한다. 필름 제조 과정에서 필름에 장력이 작용하면서 주름이 발생되고, 이러한 주름 발생은 필름의 두께 방향과 두께 측정기의 광축이 서로 경사지게 한다. 결국 두께 측정기는 필름의 수직 두께가 아닌 경사진 두께를 측정하게 됨으로써 실제 두께보다 더 큰 값으로 측정하게 된다. 본 연구에서는, 플라스틱 필름의 경사로 인하여 발생하게 되는 두께 측정기에서의 계측값 오차를 보정하기 위하여, 필름의 경사 각도를 계측하는 연구가 진행되었다. 플라스틱 필름에 슬릿 빔 레이저를 조사하고, 필름에서 반사되는 슬릿 빔 레이저가 PSD(Position Sensitive Device)에 맺히는 광학 시스템을 구성하였으며, 실험을 통하여 필름의 경사 각도와 PSD 출력값의 관계를 1차 방정식 형태로 구하였다. 이를 이용하여 필름의 경사 각도를 측정하는 장치가 구축되었으며, 250KHz의 속도로 경사 각도의 측정이 가능하였다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study on the effects of deep cervical flexors strengthening exercise to forward head posture and pain of neck in patients with chronic neck pain. Method: We selected 30 subjects among neck pain patients and carried out measurements. The subjects' forward head posture was measured including head tilt angle (HTA), neck flexion angle (NFA) and forward shoulder angle (FSA), neck disability index (NDI), numeric rating scale (NRS). The subjects underwent deep cervical flexors muscle strengthening with pressure bio-feedback device for 4 weeks. Then, after intervention, the subjects' forward head posture was measured again. It was performed Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for confirming the effect of deep cervical flexor muscles strengthening exercise. Results: As a result of comparison of measurements before and after intervention, we found that there were statistically significant improvement in the subjects' NDI, NRS and forward head posture including head tilt angle, neck flexion angle and forward shoulder angle. Conclusion: We concluded that deep cervical flexors strengthening exercise has the effect of alleviation of neck pain patients and is effective for forward head posture.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-153
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• 1985

기립 및 도립의 체위면화가 두부 및 하지의 혈액순환계에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고, atropine의 정주에 의한 부교감신경의 차단이 체위변화에 대한 심맥관계의 내성을 증가시키는 지를 보기위하여 개를 경사대에 수평위로 고정하여 수동적으로 기립 및 도립위로 체위를 변화시키고, 각 체위에서 10분간 유지시켜 경동맥, 외경정맥, 고동맥 및 고정맥의 분시 혈류량, 분시 심박수 및 분시 호흡수, 그리고 혈액의 pH, $PCO_2$, $PO_2$ 및 Hct를 측정하였다. 다시 수평위에서 atropine 0.5mg을 1회 정주한 후 위의 실험과정을 반복하여 시행하고 atropine투여전과 비교 관찰하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 기립시 두부 및 하지 동정맥혈의 분시 혈류량은 감소하였고, 특히 두부로 가는 혈류량의 감소가 더 컸으나, atropine의 투여는 경동맥의 분시 혈류량의 감소를 억제하였다. 도립시 두부 및 하지의 분시 혈류량은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았고, 개체에 따라 변화양상도 다르게 나타났다. atropine의 투여는 투여전에 비하여 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 분시 심박수는 기립 및 도립시 모두 증가하였다. atropine의 투여는 수평위에서 분시 심박수는 투여전 보다 증가하나, 체위변화에 의한 분시 심박수의 증가를 경감시켰다. 분시 호흡수는 개체에 따라 변화양상에 차이가 있으나, 대체로 기립시는 감소하고 도립시는 증가하였다. atropine의 투여는 기립 및 도립시 다 같이 분시 호흡수의 변화를 억제하였다. 혈액소견은 기립시 정맥철의 pH 및 $PO_2$는 감소하였고, $PCO_2$는 증가하나 동맥혈의 $PCO_2$는 감소하였다. 도립시 동정맥혈의 소견은 수평위에 비해 별 변화가 없었으며 , atropine의 투여후도 기립 및 도립시 모두에서 투여전에 비하러 유의한 변하는 없었다. Hct는 기립 및 도립시 증가하였으며 atropine투여에 의한 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 이상에서와 같이 atropine의 투여는 기립시 두부로 가는 혈류량을 증가시키며, 기립 및 도립시 발생할 수 있는 분시 심박수의 과도한 증가를 억제함으로서 체위변화에 대한 심맥관계의 내성을 증가시키는데 어느정도 효과가 있다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2000

A commercially available Doppler radar was modified and evaluated for on-board monitoring of ground speed. The radar output was corrected for pitch angle of aircraft based on the output of an electrolytic tilt sensor. The effects of aircraft speed, height and mounting angle on error in the ground speed were evaluated. The speed error decreased with an increase of the mounting angle since the radar contact angle with respect to the ground approached to the mounting angle. The error increased with an increase of the nominal aircraft speed. The altitude insignificantly affected the speed error. The Doppler radar provided acceptable percent errors within 5% in most measurements. The error can be reduced within ${\pm}$1.5% by increasing the mounting angle ($43^{\circ}$). The error of -3.8% at the mounting angle of $29^{\circ}$could be reduced by adjusting the mounting angle with respect to the radar contact angle.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2005

A prerequisite for deriving the abundance estimates from acoustic surveys for commercially important fish species is the identification of target strength measurements for selected fish species. In relation to these needs, the goal of this study was to construct a data bank for converting the acoustic measurements of target strength to biological estimates of fish length and to simultaneously obtain the target strength-fish length relationship. Laboratory measurements of target strength on 15 commercially important fish species were carried out at five frequencies of 50, 70, 75, 120 and 200 kHz by single and split beam methods under the controlled conditions of the fresh and the sea water tanks with the 389 samples of dead and live fishes. The target strength pattern on individual fish of each species was measured as a function of tilt angle, ranging from $-45^{\circ}$ (head down aspect) to $+45^{\circ}$ (head up aspect) in $0.2^{\circ}$ intervals, and the averaged target strength was estimated by assuming the tilt angle distribution as N $(-5.0^{\circ},\;15.0^{\circ})$. The TS to fish length relationship for each species was independently derived by a least-squares fitting procedure. Also, a linear regression analysis for all species was performed to reduce the data to a set of empirical equations showing the variation of target strength to a fish length, wavelength and fish species. For four of the frequencies (50, 75, 120 and 200 kHz), an empirical model for fish target strength (TS, dB) averaged over the dorsal sapect of 602 fishes of 10 species and which spans the fish length (L, m) to wavelength (\Lambda,\;m)$ ratio between 5 and 73 was derived: $TS=19.44\;Log(L)+0.56\;Log(\Lambda)-30.9,\;(r^2=0.53)$.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2020

Objective: To prevent low back pain, an objective evaluation tool to evaluate pelvic mobility and exercise to improve the flexibility of the lumbar region is needed. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of pelvic mobility measurements using the Wii Balance Board (WBB) and Sensbalance Therapy Cushion (STC), evaluate the usefulness of the STC as a tool for measuring pelvic mobility. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty healthy subjects participated in this study. The subjects performed pelvic mobility range, proprioception, reaction time and reach of the arm using the STC. The pelvic movement parameter was measured two times to determine the intra-rater reliability. To measure the correlation between lumbar muscle tension and pelvic mobility, Myovision was used to measure tension of L4, L5 level erector spinae muscle. Correlations between measured variables were checked to determine the validity of the pelvic mobility assessment tool. Results: STC showed high test-retest reliability in pelvic tilt measurement and reaching task [intraclass correlation coefficients (3,1)=0.804-0.915]. The relationship between WBB and STC showed a significant positive correlation with the pelvic tilt and reaching task (p<0.05). Posterior tilt and erector spinae activation (Lt. L5) showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05). Left, right tilt and erector spinae activation (L5) showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study confirmed the advantages of the STC and found efficiency as an objective measuring device of pelvic mobility.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.543-554
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• 2013

Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) are increasingly popular in the river research and management communities being primarily used for estimation of stream flows. ADCPs capabilities, however, entail additional features that are not fully explored, such as morphological representation of river or reservoir bed based upon multi-beam depth measurements. In addition to flow velocity, ADCP measurements include river bathymetry information through the depth measurements acquired in individual 4 or 5 beams with a given oblique angle. Such sounding capability indicates that multi-beam ADCPs can be utilized as an efficient depth-sounder to be more capable than the conventional single-beam eco-sounders. The paper introduces the post-processing algorithms required to deal with raw ADCP bathymetry measurements including the following aspects: a) correcting the individual beam depths for tilt (pitch and roll); b) filtering outliers using SMART filters; d) transforming the corrected depths into geographical coordinates by UTM conversion; and, e) tag the beam detecting locations with the concurrent GPS information; f) spatial representation in a GIS package. The developed algorithms are applied for the ADCP bathymetric dataset acquired from Han-Cheon in Jeju Island to validate themselves applicability.