• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.486-498
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the species of 82 furniture in the late Choseon Dynasty (mainly, 19th century), which are housed in the Seoul Museum of History. Total of 22 species were found. The species shared 43% as hard pine(Diploxylon), 9% as Zelkova serrata Makino, 7% as Paulownia spp., 7% as Tilia spp., 6% as soft pine(Haploxylon), 5% as Ginkgo biloba Linn., 4% as Cedrela sinensis A. Juss., 3% as Diospyros spp., 3% as Abies spp., 2% as Alnus spp., 2% as Picea spp., 1% as bamboo, 1% as Populus spp., 1% as Betula spp., 1% as Juglans spp. The other minor ones were Torreya nucifera Sieb. et Zucc., Pyrus spp., Castanea spp., Ulmus spp. and Kalopanax oictuse (Thunb.) Nakai. Thirty seven furniture (45% in total) was made of single species, 19 (23%) of two species, 16 (20%) of three species and 10(12%) of 4 to 6 species. For frames and panels, hard and strong woods, such as hard pines, Zelkova and Cedrela, were used. For drawer, however, light woods having low shrinkage, such as Paulownia and Tilia, were used. The origin of woods could be specified by the habitats of the species identified. Both Hwanghaedo- and Parkcheon- Chests used basswood (Tilia), which grow in the cold regions, indicating the origin of woods as North Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.741-750
• /
• 2014

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Guryongryeong to Mt. Yaksu, 22 plots ($100m^2$) installed with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Q. mongolica community, Cornus controversa-Q. mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Q. mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Guryongryeong to Yaksusan and Carpinus cordata and C. controversa was partly occupied in some area. High positive correlations showed between Q. mongolica and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Tilia amurensis and Tilia mandshurica, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa; Tilia mandshurica and S. chinensis for. pilosa, R. schlippenbachii; Betula costata and Acer mono; Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, and relatively high negative correlations showed between A. pseudosieboldianum and S. chinensis for. pilosa, R. schlippenbachii. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged 0.8170~1.1446 and it was lower compared to those of the ridge area of the national parks in Baekdudaegan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.79 no.2
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 1990

The axillary buds of 15-year-old Tilia amurensis were cultured on Saito and Ide (IS), Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and woody plant medium (WPM) to establish an effective micropropagation method. Five levels of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were tested. On IS medium and WPM addition of 1.0/l BAP enhanced shoot development and shoot elongation, whereas addition of 0.5/l BAP was effective on MS medium. A better results were obtained from WPM with 1.0/l BAP and MS with 0.1/l BAP. Developed shoots were subcultured on each basal media but with 0.2/l BAP, Multiple shoots were almost doubled in a month. Root formation could be enhanced at higher concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Better rooting rate (83.3%) was achieved on a half-strength MS medium with 3.0 /l IBA. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to soil. To investigate the clonal variation in shoot development and shoot elongation by axillary bud culturing, seven plus tree clones were tested, Clonal variation in tissue culturability among plus trees was recognized by the Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level. Kang Won No. 12 showed the best response on WPM with 1.0/l BAP.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.81-84
• /
• 1999

A linden leaf-mining sawfly, Parna kamijoi Togashi, 1980, is newly reported from Korea. A brief description of the adult and adult and observations on its life history are given.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.609-615
• /
• 2008

The study was conducted to analyze vegetation and soil characteristic of Corylopsis coreana population in Baekunsan of Gyeonggi-Do, Jirisan, Baekunsan, Jogaesan of Jeollanam-do, and Geumsan of Gyeongsangnamdo. Field research was from September 2005 to September 2006. According to classification with phytosociological method, the Corylopsis coreana population was classified into Tilia amurensis dominant population, Lindera erythrocarpa dominant population, and Pinus densiflora dominant population. According to CCA ordination, the Tilia amurensis dominant population were located in area of high elevation, and high concentration in total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchangeable capacity(CEC). The Pinus densiflora dominant population were located in area of low elevation, and low concentration in total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchangeable capacity. The Lindera erythrocarpa dominant population were located in area of high elevation, and medium concentration in total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchangeable capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2011

The composition of species for each community of Quercus by vegetation and soil survey, the community classification by TWINSPAN, the structural characteristics of communities were used and analyzed during the period of 2000~2004 for Quercus mongolica forest. And the resulting suggestions for a subsequent planting model for forest are as follows. The Quercus mongolica community had the highest importance value for Quercus mongolica followed sequentially by Acer pseudosieboldianum, Acer mono, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Fraxinus sieboldiana. As a result of suggesting a planting modeling for the Quercus mongolica communities in the areas with the warmth index of both $60.90{\sim}79.79^{\circ}C$ and $53.96{\sim}64.82^{\circ}C$, Quercus mongolica was absolutely dominant in case of the subtree layer for the accompaniment species of distribution in the planting modeling by tree layer in the two areas depending on the warmth index, while there were distinct differences shown in case of the lower tree layer. While Acer pseudosieboldianum, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Sorbus alnifolia, Acer mono, etc. were appeared in the subtree layer for the areas with the warmth index of $60.90{\sim}79.79^{\circ}C$. Cornus controversa, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus sieboldiana, etc. were many appeared in the subtree layer for the areas with the warmth index of $53.96{\sim}64.82^{\circ}C$. And, when we made ecological Quercus mongolica community, subtree layer planting is different by warmth index.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.38 no.2 s.149
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2007

Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. is a kind of 64 endangered plant species designated by the Ministry of Environment in Korea. It is very a rare native plant throughout the country. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the native T. tschonoskii in Ulleung Island for their distribution and ecological characteristics. They were mostly distributed valley, mid-slope of the mountain from 186 to 458 m altitude. They had a little low light conditions as they faced west, north west, south west, south-south west, north-north east and east-east north. They were provided with slightly humid condition. Aerial humidities of these quadrates were variable as 21.5-71%. They were located on the variable slopes of 5 to 43 degrees. Soil humidity was slightly dry. Native sites were semi-shaded because tree layer such as Tilia insularis, Zelkova serrata, okamotoanum etc.and sub-tall tree layer such as Ligustrum foliosum, Comellia japonica, Tilia insularis, Callicarpa japonica and so on were grown near by. Woody plants such as A. Okamotoanum, Sorbus commixta, Fagus japonica var. multinervis etc. were frequently observed. These environmental conditions were suitable that T. tschonoskii grows up naturally because of high Percentage as 52.78% of blooming individuals in this study. These native sites were classified with three communities, T. tschonoskii-Majanthemum dilatatum community, T. tschonoskii-Anthriscus sylvestris community and T. tschonoskii-Hepatica maxima community in accordance with altitude and aerial humidity. The best way ffr the preservation of T. tschonoskii habitats and maintainance of its recent population is maintained in recent environmental condition and ecological condition without any management by human-being.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2009

To investigate the vegetation structure of the mountain ridges ranging of Shins un-Bong, this research set up 14 plots($400m^2$) as survey target areas. As a result of the analysis of woody plant cluster, it was classified as two groups-Quercus variabilis-Quercus serrata community and Carpinus tschonoskii community. Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata was found as a mostly dominant woody plant species in the ridge areas of Shinsun-Bong, while Carpinus tschonoskii were mixed up partly in high altitudes. High negative correlations were shown between Quercus variabilis-Sambucus sieboldiana and relatively high positive correlation were found to exist between Styrax japonicus-Quercus serrata, Sambucus sieboldiana-Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Tilia amurensis, Styrax obassia-Cornus kousa, Rhododendron schlippenbachii-Carpinus laxiflora, Cornus kousa-Tilia amurensis. Species diversity index(H') of investigated groups were ranged from $1.237{\sim}1.497$, and it was relatively high value compared to that of the vegetation structure of other national park.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.60 no.1
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 1983

This study was carried out to compare the diameter increment of seven major selected tree species which grow wild in middle area of Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1) The difference in annual diameter increment among seven species according to D.B.H. classes showed to be the strongest in Juglang mandshurica, the second rank Corpus controversa, the third rank Betula platyphylla, the fourth rank Tilia amurensis, the second rank Fraxinus mendshurica, the sixth rank Populus davidiana, and the weakest in Ulmus davidiana. 2) Total diameter increment among seven species according to tree age classes were ranked as follows: Juglans mandshurica, Cornus controversa, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Populus davidiana, and Ulmus davidiana. 3) Juglans mandshurica showed the highest diameter increment in comparison with other six species, while diameter increment in Ulmus davidiana and Populus davidiana decreased in earlier age than other species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 2013

To understand natural regeneration and stand development after fire in mixed broadleaved-coniferous forests of Sikhote-Alin Mountains, ten sample plots of $50m{\times}50m$ size were established in 1975 and 1983 at the stands burned by wildfires in 1973 and 1982, respectively. And, the number of naturally regenerated seedlings were monitored in two $50m{\times}4m$ subplots in each plot. The most fire-sensitive conifer species is Abies nephrolepis, while Betula costata is the most fire-sensitive broadleaved tree species. The most fire-resistant species were Q. mongolica, T. taquetii and A. mono. The results of 20 and 30 years after the fire showed that pioneer tree species, e.g. Populus, Salix, and Betula, were regenerated immediately at the early stage of stand development and grew where there is a mono canopy layer with high density. On the other hand, the densities of successors, e.g. Pinus koraiensis, Picea jezoensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono and Tilia taquetii, which were present in the study plots before the fire, increased gradually. Naturally regenerated tree species after forest fire by the growth rate were divided into three groups according to their annual height growth. The seral tree species (Betula costata, Betula platyphylla, Padus maackii, Populus tremula and Sarix caprea) belong to the first group and have the highest growth rate (from 40 to 96 cm per year). The late successional broad-leaved trees (Tilia taquetii, Acer mono and Quercus mongolica) belong to the second group and have intermediate annual height growth (from 3.7 to 13.5 cm per year). The late successional coniferous species (Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis) form the third group and have the least annual height growth (from 1.4 to 3.5 cm per year).