• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.84-96
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• 2001

Test data for a naval vessel is massive, expensive and impossible to be retested in a underwater acoustic measurement on the same condition. So, it is very important. In this paper, I mention massive underwater acoustic multimedia database system that was developed to store a long time, manage systematically, supply raw data and analyze data to user in 2-tier structure. Also, I propose 3-tier structure to extend the current database system that can supply multimedia data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.217-218
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• 2003

지구의 기후변화는 자연, 인위적인 요인 모두에 의해서 발생되지만 UN IPCC는 "인간의 활동에 의해 발생되는 온실가스가 자연적인 기후변화에 단독으로 미치는 영향보다도 복합적으로 작용하여 현재보다 휠 씬 더 지구온난화 등 기후변화를 가속화시키고 있다"고 하여 인위적인 요인의 중요성을 시사하고 있으며, 인위적 온실가스 배출량의 상당부분은 에너지산업, 제조/건설업, 수송 등의 연료연소부문에서 기인하고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2022

This study calculated the on-site measurement (Tier 4) of greenhouse gases emitted during the production stage of major fishing periods that utilize set nets and bamboo weir fishing boats. In addition, using theoretically calculated results (Tier 1), the emission factor presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was comparatively analyzed. On average, carbon emissions for each operating period in the bamboo weir and set net were calculated to be 0.16 and 3.58 kg CO₂ time^-1, respectively; and the measurement values (Tier 4) for each tool were about 4-17 times lower than their respective theoretical values (Tier 1). Significant differences were found based on engine performance. As port entry, port departure, and operating periods of the vessels show negligible variation with short distances, the operation of the vessel engine was considered as the main variable for carbon emissions in anchovy set net fishing.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

Delay reduction of vehicles at the intersection is highly dependent on the signal operation method. Improper traffic operation causes the violation of the traffic regulations and increasing traffic congestion. Delay because of congestion has contributed to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The focus of this paper is to measure the amount of carbon dioxide when the intersection is changed to roundabout. Even though, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) recommends Tier 1 method to measure the amount of greenhouse gas from vehicles, this paper used Tier 3 method because we could use the data of average running distance per each vehicle model. Two signalized intersections were selected as the study area and the delay reductions of roundabout operation were estimated by VISSIM microscopic simulation tool. The control delay for boksu intersection reduced from 28.6 seconds to 4.4 seconds and the KRIBB intersection sharply reduced from 156.4 seconds to 23.6 seconds. In addition, carbon dioxide for two intersections reduced to 646.5 ton/year if the intersection is changed to roundabout. Future research tasks include testing the experiment for networks, as well as for various intersection types.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2001

Electronic commerce system must provide convenient interface, easy and fast searching function, and production information satisfying customers. To do this, many kinds of studies are being advanced actively about electronic commerce system using intelligent agent electronic This paper suggests 2-tier electronic commerce system using intelligent multi agent. We propose a combined reasoning agent system which provides production information satisfying customer's needs using both case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning. And this system distribute network and sewer system load based on load balancing and 2-tier agent structure. This system can find production information through teaming of rule-based reasoning method and case-based reasoning method. This system can provide the best suitable production information to customers by using combined reasoning agent system. And we can prevent customer's unexpected long waiting causes by network traffic and server load.

• IE interfaces
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2008

This study shows achievable capacity gain from the MMR system. Relay stations are placed along the cell boundary in tiers. We can have as many tiers of relays and as many relays in each tier as we want. A model is developed, which can estimate the system capacity varying the number of relays in each tier and the bandwidths allocated to the BS and the RS. It is shown that maximum capacity increases are 21.5% and 18.9% when we have relays in the first tier only and in the first and the second tiers, respectively.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2012

In this paper, a new distributed resource allocation algorithm is proposed to alleviate the cross-tier interference for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access macrocell and femtocell overlay. Specifically, the resource allocation problem is modeled as a non-cooperative game. Based on game theory, we propose an iterative algorithm between subchannel and power allocation called distributed resource allocation which requires no coordination among the two-hierarchy networks. Finally, a macrocell link quality protection process is proposed to guarantee the macrocell UE's quality of service to avoid severe cross-tier interference from femtocells. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve remarkable performance gains as compared to the pure waterfilling algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.408-412
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• 2012

Recently, new climate change mechanism after 2020 year has been accepted with the parties, and so government is pushing ahead the GHG reduction policies to achieve the effective results. Especially, it is essential to enhance the role of railroad in the public traffic system as well as to develop new cars with high energy efficiency for the GHG reduction of transportation sector. Thus, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad should be established to manage the emission continuously. In this study, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad was defined with Tier level considering its emission sources to refer to 2006 IPCC guideline for national GHG inventories. Also, the GHG emission of railroad at Tier 1 level was investigated using the activity data related to the amount of diesel and electricity consumption from 2008 to 2010. As a result, total GHG emission in 2010 was about 2,060 thousands ton CO2e, which have 73% of electricity and 27% of diesel. In future, the plans on the GHG reduction of railroad will be accomplished by the analysis of the detailed trends on the basis of the emission management of Tier 3 level under operating patterns. Therefore, it is important to develop the specific GHG emission factors of railroad in advance.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2010

This paper presents the implementation of a EBCOT TIER-1 for JPEG2000 Encoder. JPEG2000 is new standard for the compression of still image for overcome the artifact of JPEG. JPEG2000 standard is based on DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform) and EBCOT Entropy coding technology. EBCOT(Embedded block coding with optimized truncation) is the most important technology that is compressed the image data in the JPEG2000. However, EBCOT has the artifact because the operations are bit-level processing and occupy the harf of the computation time of JPEG2000 Compression. Therefore, in this paper, we present modified context extraction method for enhance EBCOT computational efficiency and implemented MQ- Coder as arithmetic coder. The proposed system is implemented by Verilog-HDL, under the condition of TSMC 0.25um ASIC library, gate counts are 30,511EA and satisfied the 50MHz operating condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2023

Recently, decarbonization has been emphasized worldwide to cope with climate change, and carbon neutrality by 2050 has emerged as a global agenda. The domestic port authorities have been participating in the global agenda in line with the government regulations. Since 2010, when decarbonization has been regarded as an important assignment in ports, container terminal efficiency considering undesirable outputs such as Carbon dioxide has been analyzed. However, most previous studies measured carbon dioxide emissions according to the Tier 1 and it is a first time to analyze container terminal efficiency based on the Tier 3 presented in the IPCC guidelines. 17 domestic container terminal operators were considered as decision making units and DEA-SBM Model was used. Subsequently, Undesirable outputs model was conducted to calculate the environmental efficiency.