• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.5A
• /
• pp.517-525
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we cary out system level simulations to investigate the effect of cell shape(i.e., different base station displacements in the two directions defined by the street grid) on minimizing transmitter power, interference power, and blocking probability for CDMA system in urban microcellular environments. In urban microcell, path loss to the base station depends on the orientation of the street where the mobile is located. Interference from mobile stations to the base station in the reference cell is considered up to second tier. The wrap around method is used to include the second tier interference with realistic computational complexity without reducing the accuracy of interference calculations. The investigation shows that the transmitter power, interference power, and blocking probability in a cell can be reduced by proper selection of the efficient cell shape.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2009

Recently, various services through the Internet are gradually increased and developed. The traditional way of examination has been replacing by the online test as well. The most representative is the IBT TOEFL by the ETS in the US. Besides this, a lot of online tests and some related discussions are very fierce to carry out due to the continuous increase of the number of exam candidates. Taking account of the economic issues compared to the previous test, this online method has a lot of strengths. This paper aims to build an online test system based on the 3- tier browser-server architecture, which is different from the commonly used 2-tier based system. This system was achieved using the Visual Studio.Net 2005 and SQL Server 2000 as development tools, and based on the ASP.NET 2.0 platform, using the ADO.NET and C# language.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.126-134
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the financial effect of 2-tiered copayment system on annual expenditure of pharmacy benefit in the National Health Insurance (NHI) of Korea, focusing on oral antidiabetic medications. Methods: 284 oral antidiabetic products with 14 different active single ingredients listed in the National Formulary of NHI (August 2009) were assigned to tier 1 or tier 2 according to the selected criteria. 10 different combinations of coinsurance rates were selected to estimate the changes in drug expenditure cost of NHI. Results: The annual drug cost was estimated based on the drug price per unit listed in the National Formulary and the used amount of products in 2009 from the IMS Health data of Korea. In the combinations of coinsurance rate of 20% for tier 1 and 40% for tier 2, the total annual drug cost was estimated to be reduced by 1.3% in the case of no change of generic and original drug consumptions, and to be reduced by 4.3% in the case of 10% increased generic drug consumptions. Conclusion: The tiered copayment system with optimal coinsurance rates appears to be a potential strategy to reduce the financial burden of NHI in Korea by promoting the use of generic products.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.5 no.9
• /
• pp.2248-2255
• /
• 1998

The property of connectivity between DBMS and application system developed in java is very important under the distributed object environments with heterogeneous systems. In these days, mostly used JDBC 3-tier model, which supports the connectivity, has two problems: the one is the restricted connectivity needed for the Java applet as application programs and the other is the additional efforts to design and implemtnt in linking any application program with the middleware from being deficit of standard protocol. In order to solve these problems, we have worked on Enlarging the properties of JDBC 3 tier model by applying CORBA distributed object environments. Thus, the enlarged 3-tier model has an ORB-JDBC sub protocol for the client sub-protocol and a middleware whose property is supported by CORBA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
• /
• 2001.12a
• /
• pp.14-30
• /
• 2001

At present, EDI system is indispensable process in Port and e-logis industry. Using EDI system service has been variably applicable Client/Server system base on 2-Tier, Web EDI and skill oriented distribution object. Up to date, EDI System has been Closed. Moreover it raised several points on User. For settling the problem, A study make progress with Web EDI system, XML/EDl system, distribution object technology based on 3-Tier. This Study produce several EDI system and Service. With a Result of study as the central figure, All kinds of System and Service make a comparative study synthetically in port and e-logis industry. As a result of Study, this paper make an Model Construction Planning for estimating the Port EDI System.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2000.11c
• /
• pp.157-160
• /
• 2000

Nowadays, internet or web is popularized in society. So, intranet or inside computation environment of business has been changed a web based open system. Client and Server system that has been used core technique for enterprise information system several years is developing e-business system that perform a business in web based. Because, internet is extension of a whole field like business or information technology Therefore we understand a meaning of e-business and ERP system that a form of e-business system. Then we realize problem of existing system and study a technology for complement of system. Finally, we propose a proper model for e-business system and develop an example.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2014

This research was conducted to examine the temporal methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission trends in livestock agriculture from year 1990 to 2011 with Tier 1 national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory reporting method, which was related to efforts of decreasing GHG emissions and to achievement of voluntary GHG mitigation target. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation were calculated with default $CH_4$ emission factors of IPCC. Methane and $N_2O$ emissions from manure treatment processes were calculated with Tier 1 and mixture of Tier 1 and Tier 2 including $N_2O$ emission factors of manure treatment systems and nitrogen excretion rate of livestock, respectively. According to 2013 National GHG Inventory Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification report, GHG emission fluctuations from enteric fermentation and manure treatment processes were similarto livestock head fluctuation. GHG emissions from enteric fermentation were mainly affected by beef cattle including Hanwoo, while manure treatment processes were affected by various livestock.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Assurance Society Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 2004

In this study, we designed A multi-tier e-learning system using hybrid multimedia method, The proposal system can provide an interaction and adaptability of a web-based system and high quality multimedia services of an off-line-based system. The proposal system improved quality of a multimedia, a user's convenience, adaptability and an interaction on e-learning system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.331-335
• /
• 2002

인터넷의 발전은 사용자들의 정보에 대한 요구를 급속히 증가시키고 있으며, 고급 정보 획득을 위한 사용료에 대한 부담도 함께 증가하고 있다. 따라서 사용자 각자가 보유한 정보들을 다른 사용자들에게 오픈 시켜 공유할 수 있도록 하는 시스템의 개발에 대한 요구가 발생하게 되었다. 이러한 요구에 맞추어 본 논문에서는 네티즌들이 서로의 컴퓨터에 접속하여 상대방이 가진 정보들을 검색하고 공유할 수 있는 p2p(peer to peer) 시스템인 $\ulcorner$p2p-31$\lrcorner$을 제안하게 되었다. $\ulcorner$p2p-3$\lrcorner$ 시스템은 객체지향설계 기법인 UML을 이용하여 개발함으로써 시스템 구현의 효율성을 추구하였다. 또한 일반적인 p2P 시스템의 문제점으로 대두된 보안문제를 해결하기 위하여 3-tier 분산시스템을 이용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.331-335
• /
• 2002

인터넷의 발전은 사용자들의 정보에 대한 요구를 급속히 증가시키고 있으며, 고급 정보 획득을 위한 사용료에 대한 부담도 함께 증가하고 있다. 따라서 사용자 각자가 보유한 정보들을 다른 사용자들에게 오픈 시켜 공유할 수 있도록 하는 시스템의 개발에 대한 요구가 발생하게 되었다. 이러한 요구에 맞추어 본 논문에서는 네티즌들이 서로의 컴퓨터에 접속하여 상대방이 가진 정보들을 검색하고 공유할 수 있는 p2p(peer to peer) 시스템인 $\ulcorner$p2p-3$\lrcorner$을 제안하게 되었다. $\ulcorner$p2p-3$\lrcorner$시스템은 객체지향설계 기법인 UML을 이용하여 개발함으로써 시스템 구현의 효율성을 추구하였다. 또한 일반적인 p2p 시스템의 문제점으로 대두된 보안문제를 해결하기 위하여 3-tier 분산시스템을 이용하였다.