• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.791-796
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• 2001

Twelve adult male goats, comprising of six castrated and six intacts, (2.5-3 years; $24.4{\pm}0.62kg$) were randomly but evenly divided into two groups ($I_0$ and $I_{100}$) and fed conventional concentrate mixture along with Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (100 g/head approx.), the latter to supply 50 per cent of the crude protein (CP) requirements. The $I_{100}$ group was provided with supplemental iodine as potassium iodide solution at 0.1 mg/day/animal. Wheat straw was provided ad libitum as sole source of roughage during the experimental period of 105 d. Blood samples were collected at the begining (0 d) and thereafter at 30, 60 and 90 d of experimental feeding. The study revealed that the serum glucose level was significantly higher (p<0.01) in $I_{100}$ group as compared to $I_0$. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase did not show significant differences as a result of iodine supplementation. Though the serum levels of triiodothyronine ($T_3$) were comparable between the two groups, that of thyroxine ($T_4$) increased significantly (p<0.001) in the $I_{100}$ group. The $T_3:T_4$ ratio was also similar between both the groups. The study indicated that the adverse effect of Leucaena feeding on thyroid gland could possibly be alleviated by provision of extra iodine. However, this needs further confirmation using long duration studies.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.699-707
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• 1996

This study was designed to examine the involvement of lead in function of target organ, and the protective effect of selenium in lead-treated guinea pigs for 8 weeks. The effects of exposure to 0.5% lead acetate(lead) and/or 4ppm sodium selenite(selenium) in feed on serveral aspects were evaluated by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), triiodothyronine($T_3$), thyroxine($T_4$), serum biochemical activities, organ weights, and serum and organ lead concentrations in growing animals. The many indicators of endocrine function(TSH, $T_3$, and $T_4$ in serum), enzyme and biochemical activities(${\alpha}$-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride, creatinine, $Ca^{2+}$ in serum), and organ weights(kidney, spleen and testis) were correlated with lead exposure or showed significantly different mean values between the exposed and controls. These changes on some aspects were reversed by combination-fed of selenium, but did not statistically significant. The organ(kidney, liver, spleen, testis and brain) and serum lead concentrations of lead-fed group were clearly higher than that of controls. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant protection against lead accumulation in liver and testis. These results suggest that lead can cause a toxic effect on several organ and that selenium seems to has a protective effect on specific reaction by lead-induced organic function toxicity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.721-726
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• 1998

조피볼락 암컷의 난황형성기에 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyro-nine($T_3$)을 20mg/kg 체중으로 모체주사하여 어미의 혈중 THs 농도변화 및 알과 출산자어로의 THs 전이여부를 조사하였다. L-thyroxine($T_4$)의 경우. 어미의 혈중 및 출산직후 자어에서 $T_3$구와 대조구 사이에 농도 차이를 파악할 수 없었지만, 알에서는 $T_3$구가 대조구 보다 낮은 $T_4$함량을 나타냈다. 어미에게 $T_3$를 주사한 결과, 외인성 $T_3$가 24시간 이내에 어미의 혈중으로 빠르게 흡수되어 난소로 전이된 다음, 출산직후의 난황낭 자어에서도 지속적으로 체류하는 것으로 파악되었다. 일반적으로 난생경골어류에서 THs가 자어 발생 및 변태에 영향을 미치는 점을 고려해 볼 때, 외인성 $T_3$의 모체주사에 의해 조피볼락 자어의 생리활성을 증대시킬 수 있을 것이며, 종묘생산시 건강한 종묘의 생산 가능성이 높을 것으로 보인다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2003

To understand the adaptational strategy of Korean chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus) to cold temperature, blood and serum properties, and thyroid gland activity of cold-exposed chipmunks were examined. The number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration increased, but platelets decreased in cold-exposed chipmunks compared with warm chipmunks. Serum total protein levels increased at early phase of cold-exposure, and decreased thereafter. Plasma glucose levels showed a transitory increase in cold temperature. Although there was significant decrease in serum total thyroxine level in cold-exposed chipmunks, serum total triiodothyronine level changed little. Histological analysis of thyroid glands demonstrated decreased thyroid activity, suggesting that differences in the blood and serum properties between the warm and cold-exposed chipmunks may be due to the different metabolic strategy associated with cold temperature.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2019

연구목적 갑상선관련 호르몬과 인지기능의 상관 유무는 논란이 되고 있다. 알츠하이머병과 경도인지장애 환자에서 갑상선관련 호르몬 농도에 차이가 있는지 비교해 보고, 나아가 갑상선관련 호르몬 농도가 인지기능의 어떠한 영역과 관련이 있는지에 대해 연구해보고자 하였다. 방 법 2011년 1월부터 2018년 12월까지 기억력 저하를 주소로 일산백병원 정신건강의학과 치매클리닉을 방문하여 알츠하이머병(NINCDS-ADRDA 진단기준)과 경도인지장애(Petersen 진단기준) 으로 진단된 105명의 환자를 대상으로 한 후향적 연구이다. 갑상선관련 호르몬[삼요오드티로닌(Triiodothyronine, T3), 티록신(Thyroxine, T4), 갑상선 자극 호르몬(Thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH)]의 측정은 화학발광면역측정법을 사용하여 검사하였다. 알츠하이머병군과 경도인지장애군 간의 갑상선관련 호르몬의 평균치 분석을 위하여 독립표본 t-검정을 시행하였다. 갑상선관련 호르몬이 전반적 퇴화 척도(Global deterioration scale, GDS), 치매임상평가척도(Clinical dementia rating, CDR) 및 한국형 임상치매평가척도(The Korean version of the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease, CERAD-K)의 각 항목 별 점수들과 유의한 상관이 있는지 알아보기 위하여 한국판 노인우울척도(Geriatric depression scale-Korean version, GDS-K)를 통제변수로하여 편상관분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 총 105명의 환자 중 알츠하이머병군은 74명, 경도인지장애군은 31명이었다. 알츠하이머병군과 경도인지장애군 간 혈청 T3, T4, TSH 농도의 평균은 모두 유의한 차이가 없었으나, CERAD-K 항목 중 구성행동 검사(Construction praxis test, CPT)가 혈청 TSH 농도와 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보였다(p-value=0.004). 결 론 본 연구에서 실행기능과 연관된 CPT가 혈청 TSH 농도와 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보인 것은 갑상선관련 호르몬과 치매의 병태생리와의 연관성에 대한 이해에 도움을 줄 수 있다고 생각한다. 향후 갑상선관련 호르몬이 인지기능에 미치는 병태생리 기전에 관한 전향적 연구들이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2007

Objective : Although hypothyroidism is a common disease in the endocrinology system, it is reported that there are a lot of difficulties in treating it effectively. Aconiti Ra얕 traditionally has been used in treatment of coldness, fatigue, and bradycardia. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Aconiti Radix on hypothyroidism rat model induced by 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). Methods : Two-month-old rats were used with administration of PTU which induced hypothyroidism in the rats. After 2 weeks, Aconiti Radix and thyroxine were administered, respectively. The body weights were measured every week. After 4 weeks, the blood samples of all rats were taken from their hearts. They were analyzed biochemically and $T_4$ (thyroid hormone) & TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) was measured by ELISA kits. Results : In comparison with normals, controls showed hypothyroidism with significantly low $T_4$ and high TSH the statistics. In Aconiti Radix administration groups significantly increased $T_4$ was observed in the statistics and its effects were dose-dependent. There was no difference statistically in TSH of Aconiti Radix treatment groups from controls, nor were statistical differences observed significantly in biochemical labs and weight of each group. Conclusions : These findings suggest that Aconiti Radix protects thyroid cells and makes thyroid cells produce thyroid hormones. It is also very safe in the view of liver, kidney function, and other metabolism. It may be a useful agent for treating hypothyroidism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.848-855
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• 2020

Objective: Shearing is one of the practices that is applied periodically to fiber producing animals, which can also alter resistance of animals to high temperatures in especially summer months. This study aimed to investigate effects of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep during summer season. Methods: This study was carried out on 39 non-pregnant Akkaraman ewes (aged 1.5 years at the beginning of experiment). The 39 ewes were chosen randomly from the flock belonging to the Erciyes University and they were assigned to two groups as follows: i) group A (n = 20) designed as the control group, they were shorn and group B (n = 19) designed as the experimental group, they were unshorn. Prior to the shearing (-1 day) and on days 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 following the shearing, blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis of each sheep. Cortisol, β-endorphin, growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) concentrations were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Body weight (BW), rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) of each sheep were recorded at the same time. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of shearing×period interaction (p<0.01) and a significant effect of period (p<0.01) on BW, HSP-70, cortisol, T₄ and RT, PR, GH, β-endorphin, T₃, respectively. Also these analysis showed no significant effect of shearing×period interaction or period on RR. Conclusion: The results showed that the thermoregulation abilities of sheep were affected by shearing treatment and the shorn ewes were less affected by heat stress. In conclusion, based on the data of this study, shearing can be considered as a necessary management practice that requires protection for sheep from the effect of heat stress.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.506-514
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• 2020

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that increasing dietary copper (Cu) to gravid ewes would enhance brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in their offspring. Methods: Twin-bearing ewes were assigned on d 70 of gestation to diets containing 3, 10, or 20 ppm dietary Cu (n = 8 per group). Twin lambs were assigned at birth to a cold (6℃) or warm (28℃) environmental chamber for 48 h. Blood was collected from ewes and from lambs and perirenal BAT was collected after 48 h in the environmental chambers. Results: Prenatal Cu exposure increased ewe plasma triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine concentration (T₄) (p<0.01) but prenatal Cu exposure had no effect on lamb plasma concentrations of T₃, T₄, glucose, or nonesterified fatty acid concentration (p≥0.08). The high level of prenatal Cu exposure depressed 48-h rectal temperature (p = 0.03). Cold exposure decreased BAT norepinephrine (NE) and increased BAT dopamine (p≤0.01), but prenatal Cu exposure had no effect on BAT cytochrome C oxidase activity or BAT NE or dopamine (p≥0.07). However, BAT of lambs from high-Cu ewes maintained higher uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene expression than BAT of lambs from low- and medium-Cu ewes following warm or cold exposure in environmental chambers (p = 0.02). Cold exposure caused near depletion of BAT lipid by 48 h (p<0.001), increased BAT cytochrome c oxidase activity (p<0.01), and depressed plasma fatty acid concentrations (p<0.001). Conclusion: Although prenatal Cu exposure increased BAT UCP1 expression during warm and cold exposure, prenatal cold Cu exposure depressed 48-h rectal temperature. Cold exposure decreased BAT lipid content by over 80% and decreased lamb plasma fatty acid concentration by over 40%, indicating that fuel reserves for thermogenesis were nearly depleted by 48 h of cold exposure.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2009

The preventive effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts (SM) with or without high molecular weight soluble kitosan (K) on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomized (OVX) was studied in rats. From light microscopic analyses in histochemistry data, trabecular bone area in OVX rats was significantly decreased compared with that in sham rats. The decrease was regulated by administration of SM and especially the combination of SM and K (SM + K) for 7 weeks. In addition, the numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were regulated in SM + K-administered rats but not different from those in either SM or K-administered rats. In OVX rats, free Triiodothyronine ($T_3$) and Thyroxine ($T_4$) were similar to control, ruling out the involvement of abnormal thyroid hormone. Although serum calcium is similar among all the groups, estrogen level was higher especially in SM+K-administered rats. These results strongly suggest that SM+K are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2011

Objectives : Hypothyroidism is the most common pathological disease of the endocrine system. Morinda Officinalis Radix has been used in treatment of Yang deficiency. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Morinda Officinalis Radix on a rat model of hypothyroidism induced by 6-propyl, 2-thiouracil (PTU). Methods : Two-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were used with injection of PTU which induced rats into hypo-thyroidism. During 2 weeks, rats were treated with Morinda Officinalis Radix and thyroxine. Body weights were checked every week, the after 4 weeks, biochemical analyses were performed. The levels of T3, T4 and TSH was measured by EILSA. Results : In the Morinda Officinalis Radix group, we could observe the level of T4 significantly increased and TSH level significantly decreased. Conclusions : Morinda Officinalis Radix could help the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones under PTU suppression. There is no harm effect on liver and kidney function, or other metabolism. According to these results it could help to treat hypothyroidism patients and relieve their symptoms.