• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1980

The radioimmunoassay of TSH (human thyrotropin) was performed by utilizing anti-h-TSH antibody and purified human thyrotropin supplied from Daiichi Radioisotope company in Japan. From Jan. 1978 through Aug. 1980 the serum concentration of TSH was measured on 41 cases with various thyroid diseases, and 22 normal persons. Among 41 cases, 9(22%) were primary hypothyroidism, 17(41%) Graves' disease, 8(20%), subacute or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, and 7(17%) nodular goiter. The results were as follows: 1) The normal values of serum TSH in 22 cases of control group were $4.2{\pm}1.7{\mu}U/ml(1.9-7.4{\mu}U/ml)$, which were within normal range in kit used in this study. 2) The serum TSH concentration in 9 cases with primary hypothroidism were $97.1{\pm}116.4{\mu}U/ml(14.0-300{\mu}U/ml)$, which were significantly elevated as compared with normal control values. 3) The serum TSH concentration in 17 cases with Graves' disease were $1.5{\pm}0.6{\mu}U/ml(1.0-2.5{\mu}U/ml)$, which were below than normal control. 4) The serum TSH concentration in 8 cases with subacute or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. revealed wide ranges ($1.6-220{\mu}U/ml$) according to the state of thyroid function. 5) The serum TSH values in 7 cases with nodular goiters were $2.3{\pm}2.0{\mu}U/ml$, which were strictly within normal levels. 6) The serum TSH levels were elevated during prolonged treatment with Tapazole (Methimazole) without serial check of the serum TSH concentration in Graves' disease, so the serial measurement of serum TSH concentration was considered of available index of thyroid states.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.179-182
• /
• 2019

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes due to lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. In American European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria, abnormal salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) result is one of the objective signs of SS and it has been proposed as a valid and non-invasive alternative approach to functional evaluation of salivary gland, especially in the case when unstimulated whole salivary flow is more than 1.5 mL in 15 minutes or other AECG criteria is unmet. Patients with SS are more likely to have the thyroid disease (TD), but this association remains controversial. We present a case of the use of SGS for diagnosis of primary SS and TD in patients with dry mouth and burning sensation of tongue. Through this case, we suggest the usefulness of salivary scintigraphy for screening TD in addition to diagnosis of SS.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.58 no.7
• /
• pp.267-269
• /
• 2015

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is used as an immunosuppressive treatment (IST) to deplete clonal suppressor T cells in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The depletion of suppressor T cells by ATG may affect the activation of B cells, which results in an increased risk for autoimmune conditions. A 12-year-old boy was diagnosed with idiopathic SAA. As he did not have an human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling, he was treated with rabbit ATG (3.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) and cyclosporine. Five months later, he became transfusion independent. However, 23 months after IST, he complained of mild hand tremors, sweating, weight loss, palpitations, and goiter. Results of thyroid function tests revealed hyperthyroidism (free thyroxine, 3.42 ng/dL; thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], <0.01 nIU/mL; triiodothyronine, 3.99 ng/mL). Results of tests for autoantibodies were positive for the antimicrosome antibody and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin, but negative for the antithyroglobulin antibody and antinuclear antibody. He was treated with methimazole, and his symptoms improved. The patient has been disease free for 39 months after IST and 9 months after methimazole treatment. This case report suggests that although rare, rabbit ATG may have implications in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Our findings suggest that thyroid function tests should be incorporated in the routine follow-up of SAA patients treated with ATG.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 1996

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor arising from calcitonin producing-parafollicular cells. The tumor is clinically divided into sporadic and familial form, constituting about 80% and 20%, respectively. Recently, we experienced a case of unilateral and solitary sporadic medullary carcinoma of the left thyroid gland. The patient was a 9 year-old female, who presented with a palpable mass on the anterior lateral neck of 8 months duration without any familial and personal history of neuroendocrine disease. The cytopathologic findings showed spindle cells and plasmacytoid cells in the background of colloid-like materal. The nuclei were eccentrically located, mildly hyperchromatic and pleomorphic, showing speckled chromatin pattern without nuclear inclusion or prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was abundant and had a pale granular cyanophilic appearance. No amyloid materal could be identified.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 1985

The results of radioiodine treatment of 88 patients are reported. As in the case presented above, careful follow-up with continuous administration of adequate amount of thyroid hormone is very important. To check whether recurrent lesions have appeared or not, scintigrams with test dose of $I^{131}$, usually 1 to 10 mCi, are taken in general. However, it is important that there is a fact that administration of much larger dose (30 to 100 mCi) of $I^{131}$ may result in presenting additional lesions on the scintigrams. Recently, clinical usefulness of serum thyroglobulin determination has been mentioned in literatures from the standpoint of follow-up study of patients after radioiodine treatment. Although this technique seems to be valuable, we have to be aware of the possibility of fluctuation of data which may occur in connection with administration of thyroid hormone. Finally, I would like to say that radioiodine treatment is an effective method for thyroid cancer if patients are adequately selected. However, radioiodine treatment itself is sometimes not enough from the standpoint of radiation dose to the lesions. In such cases, we should not hesitate to consider combination therapy with other modalities. Therefore, in order to overcome this undesirable disease, cooperation between nuclear medicine specialists and other oncologists, such as radiotherapists, is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 1995

Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid gland account for no more than 10% of thyroid cancer, but it shows extremely poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to review the outcome of patients with anaplastic carcinoma over the span of 5 years and to determine the patterns of clinical presentation, age, sex and other possible prognostic variables. We analyzed 30 cases of anaplastic carcinoma retrospectively from 1991 to 1995. There were 14 men and 16 women. There age ranged 33 to 75 years with a mean of 61.0 years. Sixteen patients presented with transformationqr of well differentiated carcinoma to anaplastic carcinoma, 1 with rapid in-crease in the size of long standing goiter, 8 with rapidly growing neck mass and 4 with meta static disease. Twenty-eight patients(93.3%) showed cervical lymphnode metastasis at presentation and twenty three patients(76.6%) showed laryngotracheal invasion. Nine patients (30.3%) showed distant metastasis. Treatment modalities included surgical resection, external irradiation, radioactive iodine and systemic chemotherapy. At decision making of treatment plan, we considered completeness of initial surgery, uptake rate of whole body radioactive io-dine scan, locoregional progression and distant metastasis. The median survival was 6.8 months and three cases survived beyond 12 months.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 1999

Introduction: The surgical treatment of Graves' disease has several advantage such as rapid and long lasting therapeutic effect, relatively low incidence of postoperative hypothyroidism and recurrence. Because of less frequent but serious postoperative complications, the operation have not been casually used for treatment of Graves' disease. Hypoclacemia, hoarseness and hematomas are common complications after operative treatment. However, the causative mechanisms of these complications have not been well explained. Objective: We aimed to analyze the risk factors affecting the occurance of complications in surgical treatment for Graves' disease and to evaluate what are the causative mechanisms of postoperative complications. Patients and Methods: From January 1985 to December 1998, a total of 668 surgically treated patients for Graves' disease were enrolled in this study. The incidence of postoperative complications were analyzed in relation to types of surgery, preoperaive preparation, specimen weight, bleeding amount and remnant weight. Results: Postoperative complication was developed in 108(16.2%) of 668 patients. The most common complication was transient hypocalcemia in 85 cases(12.7%). Other complications were: Hematoma in 9 cases(1.3%), transient hoarseness in 5 cases(0.7%), permanent hypocalcemia in 6 cases(0.9%), permanent hoarseness in 3 case(0.4%). The important etiologic factors affecting the occurance of complications were preoperative preparation, perioperative thyroid weight, and remnant thyroid weight. Since 1993, the incidence of complication was more decreased than that in before. Conclusion: To decrease the incidence of postoperative complications of Graves' disease, the patients should be selected carefully, sufficient preoperative preparation should be achieved, and the operation should be performed by well-experienced surgeons.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.59-62
• /
• 2017

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon spindle cell neoplasm that is usually presented as a pleural origin localized tumor. There are few cases, found in thyroid. Twenty six cases found in thyroid have been reported since 1993, and two of these were malignant. We report another malignant case in this study; a 55 years old man visited out-patient clinic due to palpable mass of anterior neck, and pathologically diagnosed as malignant SFT of thyroid after surgical resection. In this study, we focus on the clinical features of this uncommon disease along with other literature reviews.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.237-243
• /
• 2017

This study evaluated the applicability of computer-aided diagnosis by retrospective analysis of GLCM algorithm based on cytopathological diagnosis of normal and malignant nodules in thyroid ultrasound images. In the experiment, the recognition rate and ROC curve of thyroid malignant nodule were analyzed using 6 parameters of GLCM algorithm. Experimental results showed 97% energy, 93% contrast, 92% correlation, 92% homogeneity, 100% entropy and 100% variance. Statistical analysis showed that the area under the curve of each parameter was more than 0.947 (p = 0.001) in the ROC curve, which was significant in the recognition of thyroid malignant nodules. In the GLCM, the cut-off value of each parameter can be used to predict the disease through analysis of quantitative computer-aided diagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.4689-4692
• /
• 2013

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a costly diagnostic item with a low yield in identifying the tiny proportion of nodules that actually represent malignant disease. Our aim through this study was to obtain an ultrasound (US) score for selecting subcentimeter-sized thyroid nodules requiring FNAB in eastern China. Some 248 patients for a total of 270 thyroid nodules less than 1 cm in diameter underwent FNAB and subsequent surgery from January 2006 to March 2012 at our hospital. The clinicopathological and US data from all the nodules were analyzed retrospectively. An US score was developed on the basis of independent predictive factors for malignancy. Irregular shape, hypoechogenicity, no well-defined margin, presence of calcifications and ratio between antero-posterior and transversal diameters (AP/TR) ${\geq}1$ were independent predictive factors for malignancy on logistic regression analysis. US score were statistically significant, with ${\leq}2$ favoring benignancy with an 80.3% sensitivity and a 72.7% specificity. US score is useful for differentiating between malignant and benign subcentimeter-sized thyroid nodules. We suggest FNAB for nodules when the US score is higher than 2.