• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1993

갑상선의 세침흡인 세포학적 검사에서 가장 문제가 되는 점은 여포상 종양의 진단이다. 세포학적 소견만으로는 증식성 결절성 갑상선종, 여포성 선종 및 분화가 잘 된 여포상 암종 간의 감별 진단이 매우 어려운 경우가 많다. 저자들은 최근 4년 5개월 간에 조직학적으로 확진된 여포상 종양 중 수술 전에 적합한 세포학적 검사가 시행된 15예를 대상으로 그 세포학적 소견을 재검토하였다. 여포상 선종 6예의 흡인 도말은 공 모양 또는 합포체를 형성하는 다량의 여포성 세포를 함유하고 있었고, 경도의 핵 다형성 및 작은 핵소체가 각각 2예에서 관찰되었다. 배경은 출혈성으로 교질 성분은 매우 적거나 없었다. 여포상 암종 9예도 기본적으로 선종과 유사한 세포학적 소견을 보였는데, 세포밀도가 좀더 높고, 세포집단의 모양이 더 크고 불규칙하였으며, 흩어진 개별 종양세포가 많은 것이 차이점이었다. 핵의 다형성 및 눈에 띄는 핵소체가 선종에서 보다 많은 6예 및 5예에서 각각 관찰되었으나 그 정도는 심하지 않았다. 대부분의 암종과 1예의 선종에서 종양세포 집단에 밀착한 혈관 내피세포가 관찰되었다. 전반적으로 여포상 선종 및 암종은 미미한 차이를 보여서 세포학적으로 확실히 구별하기는 어려웠으나, 많은 수의 개별 세포와 종양세포 간에 포착된 혈관내피세포의 존재는 양성보다는 악성을 시사하는 소견으로 생각되었다. 여포상 종양의 세포학에 좀더 관심을 가짐으로써 그 발견율을 현저히 높일 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 1997

A primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is extremely rare disease. We evaluated this disease by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 43 year-old female. On physical examination, the thyroid was moderately enlarged and palpated with hard consistency. The cytologic aspirate revealed nests of squamous cells, malignant squame and thyroid follicular cells in the necrotic background. We diagnosed this tumor as squamous cell carcinoma with cytologic evidence. Surgically resected thyroid revealed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for antithyroglobulin proved that this tumor was primary in origin and clinical study confirmed this lesion to be of primary thyroid origin rather than metastasis or direct invasion from contiguous structures.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 1997

Oxyphilic (Hurthle) cells have abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasms and occur in both benign and malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland. Most published studies described mainly oxyphilic tumors of follicular type, and reports on oxyphilic papillary thyroid carcinomas are rare. The oxyphilic variant of papillary carcinoma differs from the classic papillary carcinoma in its more aggressive biological behavior. We report a case of oxyphilic papillary carcinoma exhibiting exclusively oxyphilic cells in a follicular pattern without papillary structures. The pattern of papillary carcinoma was confirmed by fine needle aspiration material and lymph nodal metastasis, both of which revealed typicaled papillary structures with characteristic nuclear features, psammoma bodies, and oxyphilic cytoplasm.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1999

Objectives: The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) family has been increasingly recognized as an important component in the control of normal cell proliferation and the pathogenesis of cancer. To confirm the usefulness of epidermal growth factor receptor as a tumor marker, we initiated this study. Materials and Methods: EGFR was measured by immunohistochemical staining using EGFR antibody. It was performed on section from paraffin blocks of 65 thyroid tissue including 33 paillary carcinoma, 11 follicular carcinoma, 11 nodular hyperplasia, 5 follicular adenoma and 5 normal thyroid tissue. We evaluated morphologic characteristic of various thyroid neoplasms, and the relationship between EGFR and other prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Results: The expression of EGFR was commonly found in neoplasms of thyroid, with trend for stronger staining in the more malignant tumor(p=0.000). Also the expression of EGFR in papillary thyroid cancer related to tumor characters including tumor size(p=0.042), extent(p=0.024) and prognostic features including AMES scores(p=0.019). The strong EGFR staining in papillary carcinoma was significantly associated with tumor recurrence(p=0.003). Conclusions: EGFR may have a role in the regulation of normal and neoplastic thyroid cell growth. EGFR status may help predict the clinical course of patients with malignant thyroid neoplasms. However, the study of more cases will be needed for significance of the information about the EGFR as an independent prognostic factor.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.106-108
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• 1989

A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.240-242
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• 2010

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a very rare event, representing much less than 1% of all malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. The cancer is characterized by rapidly progressive clinical course in spite of its differentiated morphologic features. In most cases, a squamous epithelium is believed to be a result of metaplasia of a follicular epithelium, although in rare exceptions, it can originate from a remnant of the thyroglossal duct or ultimobranchial body. Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland can occur in a pure form or mixed with adenocarcinoma. Because their clinical behavior is more aggressive than that of other malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland, the tumor should be treated more vigorously at its initial stage. Recently, authors experienced one case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. We report our case with a brief review of literature.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.200-205
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• 1994

Proliferating cell nuclear antgen(PCNA) plays an important role in DNA synthesis in nucleoli and is highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein composed of 261 amino acid. and is considered to correlated with the cells proliferative state, because it is synthesized particulary during the proliferative period of late Gland S-phase. Therefore, PCNA index meaningfully increases in the active or proliferative kinetic cells. By the use of recently developed monoclonal antibodies against PCNA, the immunohistochemical staining methods can make possible. These staining methods are the useful and productive one for ascertaining the cell's proliferating abillity. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining method with a antiPCNA antibody has particulrar advantages as follows. By means of these methods, we can stain the tissue that was already fixed in formalin or paraffin wax. We can see with naked eye that which cell is, where is differentiated through a microscope. Lastly, it maintains the whole tissue architecture and makes a search for the correlation. As we have seen above, the immunohistochemical staining methods for PCNA have been studied as an impotant factor that can find the cell proliferative kinetics in malignancy and biologic behavior of tumors. To investigate of the proliferative activity in thyroid nodule, Authors evaluated cell proliferative activity by immunostaing for PNCA in 45 pathologically confirmed solitary thyroid nodule. The results were as follows. 1) The benign nodules were 25 cases(Adenomatous Goiter: 20 cases, Follicular adenoma: 5 cases) and malignant nodules were 20 cases(Papillary Ca : 14 cases, Follicular Ca : 4 cases, Anaplastic Ca : 2 cases). 2) The Most prevalent age groups were 4th decade(11 cases), and the next group was 5th decade. 3) The average PCNA labelling indices were as follows. Adenomatous goiter(I6.9%), Follicular adenoma(37.6%), papillary Ca(26.3%), Follicular Ca(8.8%) and Anaplastic Ca(86.7%). There were no significant differences in benign(20.4) and malignant nodules (28.8%) except anaplastic Ca(p=0.3226). 4) When the average tumor size 2cm in papillary Ca, the PCNA indices were 26.0% (below 2cm) : 26.6% (above 2cm) (p=0.9642). The PCNA incidies were 23.9% (with lymphatic spread) : 28.7% (without lymphatic spread) (p=0.7056). There were no signlficant differences in the above cases. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in cell proliferative activity by staining for PCNA between benign and malignat nodules except anaplastic Ca.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1978

Clinical features of 147 patients with biopsy-proven thyroid carcinomas were investigated from January, 1972 to April, 1978 at the Seoul National University Hospital with the following results. 1) The incidence of thyroid carcinomas according to their histopathological classification revealed 76.2% of papillary carcinoma, 19.0% of follicular carcinoma, and 3 cases of occult sclerozing carcinoma, 1 case of giant cell carcinoma and 1 case of metastatic melanoma. 2) The ratio of male to femle patients was 1:8.3 and showed no difference between papillary and follicular carcinomas. 3) The age distribution showed the peak incidence in the fourth decade (29.3%) followed by the fifth and sixth decades. 4) The average duration of illness from the onset of symptoms was about 5 years while it was 4.4 years and 7.6 years in the papillary and follicular carcinomas respectively. 5) The diameter of the thyroid masses was smaller than 5 cm in 53.6% of the patients, from 5 cm to 10 cm in 40.0% and larger than 10 cm in 6.4%. 6) In 36.4% of the patients with thyroid carcinomas the thyroid masses were fixed to adjacent tissues. 7) Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes was noted in 40.0% of the total cases, and in 45.2% and 17.6% of the papillary and follicular carcinomas respectively, while the lung and bone metastases were found in 10.0% and 4.4% in each type respectively. 8) 88.9% of the patients showed cold areas in the thyroid scans using $^{131}I$. 9) Typical psammoma bodies were observed in 21.3% of the cases in the microscopic examination of the pathological specimens. 10) The initial diagnosis of thyroid malignancy could be made before histological confirmation in 64.5% of the patients. 11) The clinical staging slightly modified from Schulz method revealed 43.6% of the patients in stage I, 26.4% in stage II, 20.9% in stags III and 9.1 % in stage IV. 12) The association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was noted in 4 cases, with nodular goiter in 3 cases, and with follicular adenoma in 1 case.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5565-5570
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of thyroid lesions among Saudi patients and to highlight the age and gender variations of these lesions as base line data. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from thyroid specimens received at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December 2013. Results: The 292 thyroidectomy specimens received during the study period came from 230 (78.8%) females and 62 (21.2%) males giving a female: male ratio of 3.7:1. Age of the patients ranged from 14 to 95 years with a mean age 39.7 years. Two hundred and eleven (72.3%) cases were found to be non-neoplastic and 81 (27.7%) cases were neoplastic. The non-neoplastic group included: colloid goiter, including both diffuse and nodular goiter (170 cases; 58.2%), nodular hyperplasia (28 cases; 9.6%), Hashimoto/chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (12 cases; 4.1%), and Grave's disease (1 case; 0.3%). In neoplastic lesions, there were 7 benign tumors and 74 malignant tumors. Among the benign tumors, 5 were follicular adenomas and 2 were Hurthle cell adenomas. Papillary carcinoma was the commonest malignant tumor accounting for 87.8% of all thyroid malignancies, followed by lymphoma, follicular carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. The size of papillary carcinoma was more than 2 cm in 40 cases (76.9%). Conclusions: Non-neoplastic thyroid lesions were more common than neoplastic ones. Colloid goiter was the most common lesion. Follicular adenoma was the commonest benign tumor and papillary carcinoma was the commonest malignant lesion. There appears to be a slightly increased trend of papillary carcinoma diagnosis, most being diagnosed at an advanced stage.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.160-163
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• 2008

The cytologic diagnosis of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) has become one of the common causes of false negative diagnoses when performing fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid gland. We retrospectively reviewed all the aspirates for which a diagnosis of FVPTC had been made based on the surgically excised specimens, regardless of the cytologic diagnosis. 145 FNACs was performed in 135 patients. The cytologic diagnoses were categorized as 2 unsatisfactory specimens (1.4%), 16 benign (11.0%), 49 atypical (33.8%) and 78 malignant lesions (53.8%). The tumor cells consistently showed significant nuclear overlapping, irregular nuclei and fine chromatin in all cases; however, nuclear grooves and inclusions were scarce. Galectin-3 immunostaining was performed on the cell blocks of 65 cases and this was positive for 45 cases (69.2%). The results of our study demonstrate that the determination of minimal cytologic criteria is needed to raise the sensitivity of detecting FVPTC by FNAC, and galectin-3 immunostaining is useful to make decisions on the surgical treatment of cytologically atypical thyroid nodules.